CN113004591A - 一种船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料及其制备方法，涉及船用材料技术领域，包括如下重量份原料：橡胶25‑35份、发泡剂20‑30份、消烟剂50‑55份、填料10‑20份、炭黑30‑40份、二氧化硅5‑10份、硬脂酸0.5‑1.5份、氧化锌3‑8份、防老剂1.0‑2.5份、蒙坦蜡5‑8份、石蜡油5‑10份、促进剂3.1‑5份、硫磺母粒0.5‑1.5份、微胶囊红磷5‑18份、膨胀石墨5‑15份和氢氧化镁15‑20份。本发明的橡塑材料采用无机与有机阻燃剂复配的环保型发泡剂，有效改善了偶氮二甲酰胺作为发泡剂分解物产生的气味，通过减少橡塑材料本身添加剂的气味，从而减少橡塑材料本身有害气体的逸散；采用烘烤的方式能够进一步去除产品中的挥发性物质，保证制备得到的橡塑材料的低挥发性和低气味。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及船用材料技术领域，特别涉及一种船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，随着船舶行业的不断发展，对船用橡塑材料本身的气味和阻燃性的要求不断提高。其中，低气味橡塑材料是指成品橡塑材料本身不挥发或较少挥发难闻且有害的气味；低烟橡塑材料指不含卤素、铅镉汞等有害环境的物质，保证燃烧时不会产生有害烟雾或者燃烧时产生的腐蚀性气体较少，发烟量小，在火灾事故中可以将橡塑材料燃烧造成的灾害和损失降到最低限度的环保型橡塑材料。
常规橡塑材料因其本身或者添加剂，在加工和使用的过程中，会挥发出大量可挥发性有机物：如甲酰胺、苯、苯乙烯、二甲苯等，这些有毒气体的挥发会产生刺激性气味，对人体和环境会造成巨大影响；且常规橡塑材料的阻燃一般采用卤素阻燃剂，燃烧时会产生大量烟雾和有毒的腐蚀性卤化氢气体，会对环境和人体产生伤害。因此，提供一种低烟、低气味的橡塑材料就显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料及其制备方法，解决现有的橡塑材料会产生大量烟雾和有毒气体的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案为：
一种船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料，包括如下重量份原料：
橡胶25-35份、发泡剂20-30份、消烟剂50-55份、填料10-20份、炭黑30-40份、二氧化硅5-10份、硬脂酸0.5-1.5份、氧化锌3-8份、防老剂1.0-2.5份、蒙坦蜡5-8份、石蜡油5-10份、促进剂3.1-5份、硫磺母粒0.5-1.5份、微胶囊红磷5-18份、膨胀石墨5-15份和氢氧化镁15-20份。
优选的，所述橡胶为丁腈橡胶，所述消烟剂为氢氧化铝，所述填料为滑石粉，所述炭黑为橡胶炭黑。
优选的，所述发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼(OBSH)和苯磺酰叠氮的混合物，其中，所述碳酸氢钠占10-15份，所述4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼占8-12份，所述苯磺酰叠氮占2-3份。
优选的，所述防老剂为防老剂MB和防老剂4020的混合物，其中，防老剂MB占0.5-1份，所述防老剂4020占0.5-1.5份。
优选的，所述促进剂为二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二乙二硫代氨基甲酸锌和六硫化五亚甲基秋兰姆的混合物，其中，所述二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺占1-1.5份，所述二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌占1.5-2份，所述二乙二硫代氨基甲酸锌占0.5-1份，所述六硫化五亚甲基秋兰姆占0.1-0.5份。
一种所述的船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将按所需重量份称取的橡胶和炭黑放入密炼机进行密炼，密炼2-5分钟后，再加入按所需重量份称取的消烟剂、填料、二氧化硅、硬脂酸、氧化锌、防老剂、蒙坦蜡、石蜡油、硫磺母粒、微胶囊红磷、膨胀石墨和氢氧化镁，密炼机冷水全通，炼胶6分钟以上，密炼至110℃-125℃低温出料，得到一号胶；
(2)将所述一号胶倒入开炼机，完全薄通两次，降温后投自动摆料架翻胶200-300秒后切片，冷却得到一号胶片，待用；
(3)将所述一号胶片投入开炼机，压热包辊后加入按所需重量份称取的促进剂和发泡剂，搅拌均匀后投胶料到自动翻料擘、自动翻料200-400秒开始下料、胶条不切断直至料下完，得到二号胶条；
(4)将所述二号胶条放入多螺杆挤出机，依次调整多螺杆挤出机上的温度为：机头段30℃-35℃、挤出段30℃-35℃、塑化段30℃-35℃、螺杆段25℃-30℃，启动挤出机，调整转速25-35转/分，经过多螺杆挤出机的多层磨具挤出成型，得到成型料；
(5)将所述成型料送入有多节烘道的烘箱，发泡出橡塑产品，其中，多节烘道的各节温度为：120℃-125℃，125℃-135℃，135℃-145℃，145℃-155℃，155℃-165℃，165℃-175℃；
(6)将所述橡塑产品引入水槽冷却5-10分钟后送至切台剪切，得到橡塑成品；
(7)将所述橡塑成品进行第二次均匀烘烤，烘烤完成后冷却包装即可。
采用上述技术方案，本发明的橡塑材料采用无机与有机阻燃剂复配的环保型发泡剂，有效改善了偶氮二甲酰胺作为发泡剂分解物产生的气味，通过减少橡塑材料本身添加剂的气味，从而减少橡塑材料本身有害气体的逸散；采用300倍率的膨胀石墨燃烧时能够迅速膨胀，隔绝火焰，起到良好的阻燃效果，且具有一定的热红外反射功能，能够有效改善本发明的橡塑材料的保温性能；微胶囊红磷与橡胶的相容性好，是无卤、低烟、高效、无害的阻燃剂，通过微胶囊红磷和氢氧化镁的协同作用能够进一步提高本发明的橡塑材料的阻燃效果；通过天然的蒙坦蜡和石蜡油替代主流产品中含消耗臭氧层的物质，能够进一步提升本发明的橡塑材料的环境友好性；本发明的制备方法采用低温控制和多螺杆挤出，充分保障了产品密闭性的气泡孔和有弹性有光泽的表面，保证产品在使用过程中的稳定性；采用烘烤的方式能够进一步去除产品中的挥发性物质，保证制备得到的橡塑材料的低挥发性和低气味。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是，对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例1
工作人员逐一核对检查原、辅料的品名，称取丁腈橡胶N41 30kg和橡胶炭黑35kg放入密炼室进行密炼，密炼3分钟后加入称取的氢氧化铝53kg、滑石粉15kg、二氧化硅8kg、硬脂酸1.0kg、氧化锌5kg、防老剂MB 0.8kg、防老剂4020 1.0kg、蒙坦蜡6kg、石蜡油22808kg、硫磺母粒1.0kg、微胶囊红磷10kg、膨胀石墨10kg和氢氧化镁20kg，密炼机冷水全通，每炉炼胶时间6分钟以上，密炼至110℃-125℃(不得高于128℃)出料，低温出胶，得到一号胶；
将上述一号胶倒入开炼机，完全薄通两次降温后投自动摆料架翻胶240秒后切片，切出的胶片厚度7-8mm，胶片宽度900-1000mm，胶片长度4000-5000mm，冷却待用，得到一号胶片(卸料放置时每层铺垫塑料并在双面刷适量滑石粉预防粘连)；
将上述一号胶片投入开炼机，压热包辊后加入称取的二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺1.3kg、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1.8kg、二乙二硫代氨基甲酸锌0.8kg、六硫化五亚甲基秋兰姆0.5kg、碳酸氢钠13kg、4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼10kg和苯磺酰叠氮2.5kg，搅拌均匀后投胶料到自动翻料擘，开计时器，自动翻料300秒开始下料，胶条厚度7-8mm，胶条宽度150-200mm，胶条不切断直至料下完，得到二号胶条；
将上述二号胶条放入多螺杆挤出机，采用多螺杆挤出机，相较于普通的单螺杆挤机，多螺杆挤出机的啮合区增多，碾压剪切面积成倍增加，经过这种多层挤出，胶料的密度和质量，大大提高，依次调整挤出机上的温度为：机头段33℃、挤出段33℃、塑化段33℃、螺杆段28℃，启动多螺杆挤出机，调整转速30转/分，将二号胶条均匀喂入喂料口(防止表面起皱)，经过多螺杆挤出机的多层磨具挤出成型，得到成型料，挤出胶料后可以通过牵引压延，调整尺寸；
将上述成型料经引料棒送入有多节烘道的烘箱发泡出橡胶管(板)，多节烘道各节温度为：一节123℃，二节130℃，三节140℃，四节150℃，五节160℃，六节170℃，得到橡塑管；
将上述橡塑管用引料棒将其引入水槽冷却8分钟后经传递带送至切台，调整切台的速度，使其与冷却传送带一致，调节计米器，按尺寸要求进行剪切；
将制备好的橡塑材料二次均匀烘烤，包装放入存放区。
实施例2
工作人员逐一核对检查原、辅料的品名，称取丁腈橡胶N41 25kg和橡胶炭黑30kg放入密炼室进行密炼，密炼2分钟后加入称取的氢氧化铝50kg、滑石粉10kg、二氧化硅5kg、硬脂酸0.5kg、氧化锌3kg、防老剂MB 0.5kg、防老剂4020 0.5kg、蒙坦蜡5kg、石蜡油22805kg、硫磺母粒0.5kg、微胶囊红磷5kg、膨胀石墨5kg和氢氧化镁15kg，密炼机冷水全通，每炉炼胶时间6分钟以上，密炼至110℃-125℃(不得高于128℃)出料，低温出胶，得到一号胶；
将上述一号胶倒入开炼机，完全薄通两次降温后投自动摆料架翻胶200秒后切片，切出的胶片厚度7-8mm，胶片宽度900-1000mm，胶片长度4000-5000mm，冷却待用，得到一号胶片(卸料放置时每层铺垫塑料并在双面刷适量滑石粉预防粘连)；
将上述一号胶片投入开炼机，压热包辊后加入称取的二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺1kg、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1.5kg、二乙二硫代氨基甲酸锌0.5kg、六硫化五亚甲基秋兰姆0.1kg、碳酸氢钠10kg、4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼8kg和苯磺酰叠氮2kg，搅拌均匀后投胶料到自动翻料擘，开计时器，自动翻料200秒开始下料，胶条厚度7-8mm，胶条宽度150-200mm，胶条不切断直至料下完，得到二号胶条；
将上述二号胶条放入多螺杆挤出机，采用多螺杆挤出机，相较于普通的单螺杆挤机，多螺杆挤出机的啮合区增多，碾压剪切面积成倍增加，经过这种多层挤出，胶料的密度和质量，大大提高，依次调整挤出机上的温度为：机头段30℃、挤出段30℃、塑化段30℃、螺杆段25℃，启动多螺杆挤出机，调整转速25转/分，将二号胶条均匀喂入喂料口(防止表面起皱)，经过多螺杆挤出机的多层磨具挤出成型，得到成型料，挤出胶料后可以通过牵引压延，调整尺寸；
将上述成型料经引料棒送入有多节烘道的烘箱发泡出橡胶管(板)，多节烘道各节温度为：一节120℃，二节125℃，三节135℃，四节145℃，五节155℃，六节165℃，得到橡塑管；
将上述橡塑管用引料棒将其引入水槽冷却5分钟后经传递带送至切台，调整切台的速度，使其与冷却传送带一致，调节计米器，按尺寸要求进行剪切；
将制备好的橡塑材料二次均匀烘烤，包装放入存放区。
实施例3
工作人员逐一核对检查原、辅料的品名，称取丁腈橡胶N41 35kg和橡胶炭黑40kg放入密炼室进行密炼，密炼5分钟后加入称取的氢氧化铝55kg、滑石粉20kg、二氧化硅10kg、硬脂酸1.5kg、氧化锌8kg、防老剂MB 1kg、防老剂4020 1.5kg、蒙坦蜡8kg、石蜡油228010kg、硫磺母粒1.5kg、微胶囊红磷18kg、膨胀石墨15kg和氢氧化镁20kg，密炼机冷水全通，每炉炼胶时间6分钟以上，密炼至110℃-125℃(不得高于128℃)出料，低温出胶，得到一号胶；
将上述一号胶倒入开炼机，完全薄通两次降温后投自动摆料架翻胶400秒后切片，切出的胶片厚度7-8mm，胶片宽度900-1000mm，胶片长度4000-5000mm，冷却待用，得到一号胶片(卸料放置时每层铺垫塑料并在双面刷适量滑石粉预防粘连)；
将上述一号胶片投入开炼机，压热包辊后加入称取的二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺1.5kg、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌2kg、二乙二硫代氨基甲酸锌1kg、六硫化五亚甲基秋兰姆0.5kg、碳酸氢钠15kg、4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼12kg和苯磺酰叠氮3kg，搅拌均匀后投胶料到自动翻料擘，开计时器，自动翻料300秒开始下料，胶条厚度7-8mm，胶条宽度150-200mm，胶条不切断直至料下完，得到二号胶条；
将上述二号胶条放入多螺杆挤出机，采用多螺杆挤出机，相较于普通的单螺杆挤机，多螺杆挤出机的啮合区增多，碾压剪切面积成倍增加，经过这种多层挤出，胶料的密度和质量，大大提高，依次调整挤出机上的温度为：机头段35℃、挤出段35℃、塑化段35℃、螺杆段30℃，启动多螺杆挤出机，调整转速35转/分，将二号胶条均匀喂入喂料口(防止表面起皱)，经过多螺杆挤出机的多层磨具挤出成型，得到成型料，挤出胶料后可以通过牵引压延，调整尺寸；
将上述成型料经引料棒送入有多节烘道的烘箱发泡出橡胶管(板)，多节烘道各节温度为：一节125℃，二节135℃，三节145℃，四节155℃，五节165℃，六节175℃，得到橡塑管；
将上述橡塑管用引料棒将其引入水槽冷却10分钟后经传递带送至切台，调整切台的速度，使其与冷却传送带一致，调节计米器，按尺寸要求进行剪切；
将制备好的橡塑材料二次均匀烘烤，包装放入存放区。
以上对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明，但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下，对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料，其特征在于：包括如下重量份原料：
橡胶25-35份、发泡剂20-30份、消烟剂50-55份、填料10-20份、炭黑30-40份、二氧化硅5-10份、硬脂酸0.5-1.5份、氧化锌3-8份、防老剂1.0-2.5份、蒙坦蜡5-8份、石蜡油5-10份、促进剂3.1-5份、硫磺母粒0.5-1.5份、微胶囊红磷5-18份、膨胀石墨5-15份和氢氧化镁15-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料，其特征在于：所述橡胶为丁腈橡胶，所述消烟剂为氢氧化铝，所述填料为滑石粉，所述炭黑为橡胶炭黑。
3.根据权利要求1所述的船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料，其特征在于：所述发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼(OBSH)和苯磺酰叠氮的混合物，其中，所述碳酸氢钠占10-15份，所述4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼占8-12份，所述苯磺酰叠氮占2-3份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料，其特征在于：所述防老剂为防老剂MB和防老剂4020的混合物，其中，防老剂MB占0.5-1份，所述防老剂4020占0.5-1.5份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料，其特征在于：所述促进剂为二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二乙二硫代氨基甲酸锌和六硫化五亚甲基秋兰姆的混合物，其中，所述二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺占1-1.5份，所述二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌占1.5-2份，所述二乙二硫代氨基甲酸锌占0.5-1份，所述六硫化五亚甲基秋兰姆占0.1-0.5份。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一所述的船用低烟、低气味橡塑材料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
(1)将按所需重量份称取的橡胶和炭黑放入密炼机进行密炼，密炼2-5分钟后，再加入按所需重量份称取的消烟剂、填料、二氧化硅、硬脂酸、氧化锌、防老剂、蒙坦蜡、石蜡油、硫磺母粒、微胶囊红磷、膨胀石墨和氢氧化镁，密炼机冷水全通，炼胶6分钟以上，密炼至110℃-125℃低温出料，得到一号胶；
(2)将所述一号胶倒入开炼机，完全薄通两次，降温后投自动摆料架翻胶200-300秒后切片，冷却得到一号胶片，待用；
(3)将所述一号胶片投入开炼机，压热包辊后加入按所需重量份称取的促进剂和发泡剂，搅拌均匀后投胶料到自动翻料擘、自动翻料200-400秒开始下料、胶条不切断直至料下完，得到二号胶条；
(4)将所述二号胶条放入多螺杆挤出机，依次调整多螺杆挤出机上的温度为：机头段30℃-35℃、挤出段30℃-35℃、塑化段30℃-35℃、螺杆段25℃-30℃，启动挤出机，调整转速25-35转/分，经过多螺杆挤出机的多层磨具挤出成型，得到成型料；
(5)将所述成型料送入有多节烘道的烘箱，发泡出橡塑产品，其中，多节烘道的各节温度为：120℃-125℃，125℃-135℃，135℃-145℃，145℃-155℃，155℃-165℃，165℃-175℃；
(6)将所述橡塑产品引入水槽冷却5-10分钟后送至切台剪切，得到橡塑成品；
(7)将所述橡塑成品进行第二次均匀烘烤，烘烤完成后冷却包装即可。
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