CN113004250B - 一种制备取代的三唑衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备取代的三唑衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113004250B CN113004250B CN202011508548.9A CN202011508548A CN113004250B CN 113004250 B CN113004250 B CN 113004250B CN 202011508548 A CN202011508548 A CN 202011508548A CN 113004250 B CN113004250 B CN 113004250B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本公开提供了一种制备取代的三唑衍生物的方法。具体而言,本公开提供了一种制备式I所示取代的三唑衍生物的方法,该方法包括在柠檬酸条件下,式A化合物与式B转化为式I化合物的步骤。该工艺反应条件温和、收率高且所得样品纯度高,更适合于工业化大生产的需要。
Description
技术领域
本公开属于医药领域,具体涉及一种制备取代的三唑衍生物的方法及其中间体。
背景技术
近年来,已经积累了有力的证据,表明催产素激素在引起哺乳动物特别是人的分娩中起主要的作用。通过“下调”催产素,预期可阻断催产素对子宫的直接(收缩)和间接(增加前列腺素合成)作用。催产素调节剂(如阻断剂或拮抗剂)对于治疗流产可能是有效的。也有研究表明早产患者比同孕龄妇女具有更高的催产素敏感性和催产素受体密度。因此,使用催产素受体拮抗剂阻断催产素与其受体的作用,是抗早产的一种重要途径。另一种和催产素有关的状况是痛经,其特征为月经期的疼痛和不适。催产素在痛经的原因中起作用,其归因于其作为子宫血管收缩剂的活性(Akerlund et al.,Ann.NY Acad.Sci.734:47-56,1994)。催产素拮抗剂可对此病症具有治疗效应。
WO2006077496披露了一类用于催产素拮抗剂的取代三唑衍生物,具有如下结构式,该化合物展现高效的OTR抑制作用,针对男性早泄患者于2017年已进入Ⅱb期试验阶段,且该化合物显示良好的安全性,以及适合每天所需的药代动力学曲线,同时,没有证据表明在2400mg剂量下会抑制或诱导CYP3A4(参见J Sex Med 2018,1-10),
WO2018113694也公开了一种化合物5-(3-(3-(6-氟萘-1-基)氮杂环丁烷-1-基)-5-(甲氧基甲基)-4H-1,2,4-三氮唑-4-基)-2-甲氧基吡啶,显示了高选择性OTR抑制作用,并具有较好的脑通透性,可有效阻断催产素所介导的催产素受体的下游功能,结构式如下:
鉴于简化制备工艺、降低生产成本的考虑,本公开提供了一种制备取代的三唑衍生物的方法。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种制备式I所示化合物或其互变异构体或其可药用的盐的方法,
该方法包括:在柠檬酸条件下,式A化合物与式B转化为式I化合物的步骤,
其中,.
环A为芳基或杂芳基,优选C5-C12杂芳基;
R1选自苯环或萘基环,所述苯环或萘基环各自独立地任选被选自卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、羟基、羟烷基、氰基、氨基、硝基、环烷基和杂环基中的一个或多个取代基所取代;
R2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自氢原子、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、羟基、羟烷基、氰基、氨基、硝基、环烷基和杂环基;
R3选自烷基,其中所述的烷基任选被选自烷氧基、卤素、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基、羟基、羟烷基、氰基、氨基、硝基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代;
R4选自烷基,优选C1-C22烷基,更优选C6-C12烷基;
X选自键、O、NH或N(C1-C6),优选键或O;
m为0、1、2、3或4。
在一些实施方案中,所述式I所示化合物为
其制备方法包括:在柠檬酸条件下,式A-1化合物与式B化合物反应转化为式II化合物的步骤,
其中,R1~R4、X、m如式I化合物中所定义。
在一些实施方案中,式A-1化合物与式B化合物反应温度不高于100℃,选自40~100℃,可以为40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃、100℃或之间任意两数之间值。在一些实施方案中,式A-1化合物与式B化合物反应温度50~80℃。
在另一些实施方案中,所述式I所示化合物或式II所示化合物中R2烷氧基选自C1-C6烷氧基,包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基或其同分异构体。
在另一些实施方案中,所述式I所示化合物为
其制备方法包括:在柠檬酸条件下,式A-2化合物与式B-2化合物反应转化为式III化合物的步骤,
其中,R1、X如式I所示化合物中所定义。
另一方面,在一些实施方案中,本公开中反应所用溶剂选自四氢呋喃。
进一步地,一些实施方案提供制备方法中式B化合物投料量(摩尔量)以实现式A化合物基本完全转化为限,优选1:1~1:5,包括1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5或其任意两数之间任意值。
在另一些实施方案中,制备式I化合物的方法还包括式C化合物与式D化合物反应以形成式A化合物的步骤,
其中,R1、R2、R4、X、m如式A化合物中所定义;Y选自卤素(如溴、氯)或磺酸酯基(如OTs、OMs)。
进一步地,式C化合物与式D化合物在碱性条件反应,提供碱性的试剂选自叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾或氢化钠。在一些实施方案中,式D化合物投料量(摩尔量)以实现式C化合物基本完全转化为限,优选1:1~1:5,包括1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5或其任意两数之间任意值。在另一些实施方案中,提供碱性的试剂的量(摩尔量)与式C化合物量的摩尔比1:1~3:1,包括但不限于1:1、1.5:1、2:1、2.5:1、3:1或其任意两数之间任意值。更进一步地,该步反应所用溶剂选自四氢呋喃。
另一些实施方案提供制备式I化合物的方法包括:
本公开的典型式I化合物包括但不限于:
本公开所述制备式I化合物的方法还包括成盐、浓缩、过滤或干燥的任意步骤。
本公开所述式I所示化合物可与酸反应成盐,所述酸可以为盐酸、马来酸、硫酸、磷酸等,优选盐酸。
另一方面,本公开还提供式A’所示化合物,
其中,R1、R2、X、m如式I化合物中所定义;R5选自C2-C22烷基,优选C6-C12烷基(包括但不限于正己烷基、辛烷基、十二烷基)。
一些实施方案提供的式A’所示化合物为
其中,R1、R2、R5、X、m如式A’化合物中所定义。
另一些实施方案提供的式A’所示化合物为
其中,R1、R5、X如式A’化合物中所定义。
进一步地,另一些实施方案提供的式A’所示化合物选自:
其中,R5如式A’化合物中所定义。
本公开中典型式A’化合物选自:
另一方面,本公开还提供一种制备式式A’化合物的方法,包括:式C’化合物与D’化合物反应转化为式A’的步骤,
其中,R1、R2、R5、X、m如式A’化合物中所定义;Y选自卤素(如溴、氯)或磺酸酯基(如OTs)。
本公开另一方面还提供式2化合物的纯化方法,包括将式2化合物的粗品在酸性条件下成盐,得式2化合物的盐,然后将式2化合物的盐游离得到式2化合物,
其中,M为酸根。
在一些实施方案中,成盐所用的酸性试剂选自盐酸、硫酸或磷酸。成盐反应所用溶剂选自二氯甲烷、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃或水中的至少一种。
在一些实施方案中,游离所用的试剂选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、碳酸钾或碳酸钠。
在另一些实施方案中,游离所用溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇或水中的至少一种。
进一步地,式2化合物的纯化方法中还包括式2化合物成盐后析晶的步骤,一些实施方案中析晶所用溶剂选自乙醇/叔丁醇甲醚。
在另一些实施方案中,式2化合物的纯化方法包括:将式2化合物的粗品在酸性条件下成盐,得式2化合物的盐,然后将式2化合物的盐游离得到式2化合物,其中,成盐所用的酸性试剂选自盐酸、硫酸或磷酸,成盐反应所用溶剂选自二氯甲烷、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃或水中的至少一种,游离所用的试剂选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、碳酸钾或碳酸钠,游离所用溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇或水中的至少一种。
本公开还提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有治疗有效量的由前述方法制备获得式I或其互变异构体或其可药用的盐,以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
本公开还提供一种由前述方法制备获得式I或其互变异构体或其可药用的盐或药物组合物在制备用于治疗或预防已知或可显示抑制催产素会产生有益效应的疾病或病症的药物的用途,所述疾病或病症选自性功能障碍、性欲减退障碍、性唤起障碍、性高潮障碍、性交疼痛障碍、早泄、预产前分娩、分娩并发症、食欲和进食疾病、良性前列腺增生、早产、痛经、充血性心力衰竭、动脉高血压、肝硬化、肾性高血压、高眼压、强迫观念与行为障碍和神经精神疾病,优选地选自性功能障碍、性唤起障碍、性高潮障碍、性交疼痛障碍和早泄。
发明的详细说明
除非有相反陈述,在说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语具有下述含义。
术语“烷基”指饱和脂肪族烃基团,其为包含1至20个碳原子的直链或支链基团,优选含有1至12个碳原子的烷基。非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、正己基、正己基、正辛基、正庚基、异辛基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基及其各种支链异构体等。
术语“环烷基”指饱和或部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃取代基,环烷基环包含3至20个碳原子,优选包含3至12个碳原子,优选包含3至10个碳原子,更优选包含3至6个碳原子。单环环烷基的非限制性实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环己二烯基、环庚基、环庚三烯基、环辛基等;多环环烷基包括螺环、稠环和桥环的环烷基。
术语“杂环基”指饱和或部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃取代基,其包含3至20个环原子,其中一个或多个环原子为选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,但不包括-O-O-、-O-S-或-S-S-的环部分,其余环原子为碳。优选包含3至12个环原子,其中1~4个是杂原子;更优选包含3至10个环原子,其中1-4是杂原子;更优选包含5至6个环原子;其中1-3个是杂原子。单环杂环基的非限制性实例包括吡咯烷基、四氢吡喃基、1,2.3.6-四氢吡啶基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、高哌嗪基等。多环杂环基包括螺环、稠环和桥环的杂环基。
所述杂环基环可以稠合于芳基、杂芳基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为杂环基,其非限制性实例包括:
术语“芳基”指具有共轭的π电子体系的6至14元全碳单环或稠合多环(也就是共享毗邻碳原子对的环)基团,优选为6至10元,例如苯基和萘基。所述芳基环可以稠合于杂芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为芳基环,其非限制性实例包括:
芳基可以是取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,其独立地任选选自卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、羟基、羟烷基、氰基、氨基、硝基、环烷基和杂环基中的一个或多个取代基所取代。
术语“杂芳基”指包含1至4个杂原子、5至14个环原子的杂芳族体系,其中杂原子选自氧、硫和氮。杂芳基优选为5至10元,例如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吡咯基、N-烷基吡咯基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、咪唑基、吡唑基、四唑基等。所述杂芳基环可以稠合于芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为杂芳基环,其非限制性实例包括:
术语“烷氧基”指-O-(烷基)和-O-(非取代的环烷基),其中烷基的定义如上所述。烷氧基的非限制性实例包括:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基。烷氧基可以是任选取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,其独立地选自卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、羟基、羟烷基、氰基、氨基、硝基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代。
术语“卤代烷基”指烷基被一个或多个卤素取代,其中烷基如上所定义。术语“羟基”指-OH基团。
术语“羟烷基”指被羟基取代的烷基,其中烷基如上所定义。
术语“卤素”指氟、氯、溴或碘。
术语“氨基”指-NH2。
术语“氰基”指-CN。
术语“硝基”指-NO2。
术语“氧代基”指=O。
“任选”或“任选地”意味着随后所描述的事件或环境可以但不必发生,该说明包括该事件或环境发生或不发生地场合。例如,“任选被烷基取代的杂环基团”意味着烷基可以但不必须存在,该说明包括杂环基团被烷基取代的情形和杂环基团不被烷基取代的情形。
“取代的”指基团中的一个或多个氢原子,优选为最多5个,更优选为1~3个氢原子彼此独立地被相应数目的取代基取代。不言而喻,取代基仅处在它们的可能的化学位置,本领域技术人员能够在不付出过多努力的情况下确定(通过实验或理论)可能或不可能的取代。例如,具有游离氢的氨基或羟基与具有不饱和(如烯属)键的碳原子结合时可能是不稳定的。
“药物组合物”表示含有一种或多种本文所述化合物或其生理学上/可药用的盐或前体药物与其他化学组分的混合物,以及其他组分例如生理学/可药用的载体和赋形剂。药物组合物的目的是促进对生物体的给药,利于活性成分的吸收进而发挥生物活性。
本公开所述纯度或含量通过HPLC检测确定的,化合物表征数据是通过对核磁共振图谱的解析获得;本公开所用试剂可以通过商业途径购得。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例更详细地解释本公开,本公开的实施例仅用于说明本公开的技术方案,本公开的实质和范围并不局限于此。
实施例1:
步骤1:
在反应瓶中,将13.1g化合物3(35.65mmol,按照WO2018113694中实施例2方法制备)加入130ml四氢呋喃中,搅拌溶解,在0℃条件下,分批加入8.0g叔丁醇钾,搅拌反应30~60min,加入13.3g正十二烷基溴(53.48mmol),搅拌反应至化合物3基本反应完全,加入250ml饱和氯化铵溶液,甲基叔丁基醚萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩得22.3g油状物,柱层析得到17.0g,收率:88.9%,HPLC:97.08%。MS m/z(ESI):536.8[M+1]。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.79(d,1H),7.75-7.70(m,2H),7.52-7.48(m,2H),7.41(d,1H),7.31-7.22(m,2H),6.66(d,1H),4.75-4.40(m,3H),4.35-4.20(m,2H),3.91(s,3H),2.85-2.50(m,2H),1.35-1.20(m,20H),0.88(t,3H)。
步骤2:
在500ml三口瓶中,将20g化合物4(37.33mmol)溶于200ml四氢呋喃,随后加入9.70g化合物5(93.17mmol)和7.17g无水柠檬酸(37.32mmol),升至50~80℃搅拌反应,反应完毕后,降温,缓慢加入200ml饱和碳酸氢钠,用MTBE萃取,合并有机相,减压浓缩,得28.9g固体。
将前述固体加入320ml二氯甲烷中溶解,滴加1N盐酸(134ml),搅拌30min-1h后,分液,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得24.36g黄色粘状固体,加入无水乙醇(53ml),加热搅拌溶解,加入MTBE(268ml),降温至室温析晶,过滤,洗涤,干燥得白色固体11.25g,收率66%,纯度99.5%。
MS m/z(ESI):420.1[M+1]。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.32(s,1H),7.75-7.84(m,3H),7.51-7.55(m,2H),7.43(d,1H),7.25-7.32(m,1H),7.00(d,1H),4.51-4.66(m,1H),4.35(t,4H),4.10(t,2H),4.00(s,3H),3.26(s,3H)。
盐酸盐游离
将前述11.25g白色固体加入乙酸乙酯(240ml)中,滴入5%碳酸钠(80ml,37.74mmol),室温搅拌,分液,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得10.1g,游离收率97.6%,总收率64%,纯度99.6%。
实施例2
步骤1:
在反应瓶中,将2.0g化合物3(5.44mmol,按照WO2018113694中实施例2方法制备)加入20ml四氢呋喃中,搅拌溶解,在0℃条件下,分批加入1.22g叔丁醇钾,搅拌反应30~60min,加入1.58g正辛基溴(8.16mmol),搅拌反应至化合物3基本反应完全,加入45ml饱和氯化铵溶液,甲基叔丁基醚萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩得油状物,柱层析得到2.41g,收率:92.2%,HPLC:97.9%。
步骤2:
在50ml三口瓶中,将1g化合物6(2.08mmol)溶于10ml四氢呋喃,随后加入0.54g化合物5(5.2mmol)和0.4g无水柠檬酸(2.08mmol),升至50~80℃搅拌反应,反应完毕后,降温,缓慢加入10ml饱和碳酸氢钠,用MTBE萃取,有机相减压浓缩,得1.31g桔黄色固体。
将前述固体加入20ml二氯甲烷中溶解,滴加1N盐酸(10ml),搅拌30min-1h后分液,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得1.08g桔黄色固体,加入无水乙醇(2.6ml),加热搅拌溶解,加入MTBE(13ml),降温至室温析晶,过滤,洗涤,干燥得白色固体0.664g,收率69.8%,纯度99.5%。
盐酸盐游离
将前述0.664g白色固体加入乙酸乙酯(14ml)中,滴入5%碳酸钠(4.7ml,2.23mmol),室温搅拌,分液,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得0.59g,游离收率96.6%,总收率67.4%,纯度99.4%。
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