CN112987528A - Method for realizing edge extraction of annular light based on 4f system - Google Patents

Method for realizing edge extraction of annular light based on 4f system Download PDF

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CN112987528A
CN112987528A CN202110249236.9A CN202110249236A CN112987528A CN 112987528 A CN112987528 A CN 112987528A CN 202110249236 A CN202110249236 A CN 202110249236A CN 112987528 A CN112987528 A CN 112987528A
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fourier lens
signal
light beam
diaphragm
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CN112987528B (en
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王斌
陈会心
张永安
姚勇伟
范厚鑫
张竟原
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0443Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0465Particular recording light; Beam shape or geometry
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0486Improving or monitoring the quality of the record, e.g. by compensating distortions, aberrations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/0005Adaptation of holography to specific applications
    • G03H2001/0088Adaptation of holography to specific applications for video-holography, i.e. integrating hologram acquisition, transmission and display
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G03H2001/0208Individual components other than the hologram
    • G03H2001/0216Optical components
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0402Recording geometries or arrangements
    • G03H2001/0428Image holography, i.e. an image of the object or holobject is recorded
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0443Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
    • G03H2001/0452Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means arranged to record an image of the object

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for realizing edge extraction of annular light based on a 4f system, and belongs to the technical field of optical imaging. The method comprises the steps that a laser emits a laser beam with frequency omega, the laser beam is expanded by a beam expander and then is converted into parallel light by a Fourier lens, the parallel light beam generates two light spots through the beam expander, when the two light beams generate interference through the same Fourier lens, the interference light forms spherical annular light through grating filtering, the spherical annular light is amplified through the Fourier lens and is adjusted into parallel annular light through the Fourier lens; the ring light forms a band-pass filter that can perform edge extraction on the object. The method can improve the image edge extraction effect, simplify the experiment difficulty and reduce the experiment cost; the method can also eliminate the twin image influence and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the image while realizing the object edge extraction; and the functions of noise suppression, smooth filtering and the like can also be performed.

Description

Method for realizing edge extraction of annular light based on 4f system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for realizing edge extraction of annular light based on a 4f system, and belongs to the technical field of optical imaging.
Background
Optical Scanning Holography (OSH) has the significant advantage of recording real-time holograms of wide-field scenes based on a single pixel sensor and a simple optical scanning mechanism, and is able to capture large-field holograms. OSH is capable of recording incoherent holograms that encode a 3D intensity distribution rather than the phase of an object. Therefore, the reconstructed image of the non-coherent hologram has no interference speckle, which is beneficial to holographic display.
The holographic display is the most important to identify the image, the most key technology in the image identification is the feature identification, and the edge feature is the most basic feature in a plurality of features of the feature identification. For the edge extraction of an object, the edge extraction is carried out on the object by using the existing Laguerre Gaussian (LG) light beam-annular light generated by the pupil of an axicon, but the LG light beam generated by the existing Laguerre Gaussian (LG) light beam has a complicated light path and is difficult to operate, so that the operation difficulty in the actual experiment is improved; annular light is directly generated by the annular pupil to carry out edge extraction, but most of light energy is shielded by the annular pupil, so that energy waste is caused, and the presentation of the final experimental effect is not facilitated; the spatial light modulator can also be used to directly generate the annular light, but the spatial light modulator is expensive to manufacture and not beneficial to universality.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a method for realizing edge extraction of annular light based on a 4f system, which improves the image edge extraction effect, simplifies the experiment difficulty and reduces the experiment cost; the method can also eliminate the twin image influence and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the image while realizing the object edge extraction; the functions of noise suppression, smooth filtering and the like can also be carried out; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the laser 22 emits a laser beam with frequency omega, the laser beam is expanded by the beam expander 23, and then is collimated into a parallel beam by the Fourier lens VII 24, the parallel beam is divided into a first path of light and a second path of light by the beam splitter I1, and the first path of light is modulated into omega + omega (omega is 10) by the acousto-optic frequency shifter 23And omega is the light frequency), the light beam generates two beams by the beam splitter II 3, and one beam passes through the reflector I4The other beam directly and vertically passes through the diaphragm 5, the two beams of light pass through the diaphragm to generate a large circular spot and a small circular spot, the two circular spots are subjected to interference circular spots through the same Fourier lens I6, the interference circular spots are amplified through a Fourier lens II 8 after being filtered by the grating 7, and then the interference circular spots are modulated into parallel beams through a Fourier lens III 9;
(2) the second path of light is reflected by a reflecting mirror II 10 and then is changed into a spherical wave light beam through an aperture diaphragm 11, the spherical wave light beam and the parallel light beam obtained in the step 2 are interfered by a beam splitter III 12 to form a Fresnel wave zone plate, the Fresnel wave zone plate is converged by a Fourier lens IV 13 to scan an object, the scanned light beam is converged by a Fourier lens V15 and then is converted into a current signal through a photodiode I16, the current signal is filtered into a signal only with omega frequency through a band-pass filter 19, the signal is divided into a sin signal and a cos signal after passing through a phase-locked amplifier 20, the obtained signal retains the signal with the omega frequency through a low-pass filter, and finally the two groups of signals are recorded to a computer as object light information through a data acquisition card;
(3) light transmitted from the other surface of the beam splitter III 12 enters a Fourier lens VI 17 and is converged on a photodiode II 18, the photodiode II 18 converts an optical signal into an electric signal and then inputs the electric signal into a phase-locked amplifier 20, and the phase-locked amplifier 20 transmits the signal to a computer to form a reference optical signal; and finally, realizing the reconstruction of the three-dimensional information of the object by the computer.
Preferably, the diaphragm (5) transmittance function of the present invention is expressed as:
f(x1,y1)=fA(x1-b,y1)+fB(x1+b,y1)
wherein f isA(x1-b,y1),fB(x1+b,y1) The positions of two graphs and the shapes of the graphs on the diaphragm are shown, the position of a perpendicular line connecting the centers of the two graphs is the center of the diaphragm, the distance between the centers of the two graphs is 2b, b needs to be larger than the diameter of a large hole, and 2b is within the size range of the diaphragm.
The lightThe grating 7 is a grating corresponding to the diaphragm 5 and has a grating constant f0B/λ f, λ is the wavelength of the laser emitted by the laser, f is the focal length of the lens 6 and 8, and the complex amplitude transmittance of the grating is:
Figure BDA0002965314310000021
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002965314310000022
f is the focal length of the Fourier transform lens; f. of0Is the grating constant;
Figure BDA0002965314310000023
indicating the initial phase of the grating fringes, which determines the position of the grating relative to the origin of coordinates.
When the initial phase of the grating stripe is pi/2, the 4f system generates annular light which can be regarded as an annular filter, and the optical field formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002965314310000024
the light field function can be regarded as pupil P2Modification p of2=g(x3,y3)。
When the initial phase of the grating stripe is 0, the 4f system generates a middle bright spot which can be regarded as a low-pass filter.
When controlling fAAnd fBWhen the radius ratio is larger, the light transmission ratio of the annular light can be tuned.
The scanning process can be realized by a moving object of the translation stage, and the translation stage is moved by the controller.
The specific processes of signal receiving and demodulating are as follows: the light scanned by the object to be detected reaches the photoelectric detector after being converged by the lens, and the photoelectric detector outputs a current signal i which has holographic information and is related to the object scanning position:
Figure BDA0002965314310000031
wherein P is1zAs a function of the pupil, P2zPupil, ω, produced for 4f systems0The original frequency of the light beam emitted by the laser is adopted, and omega is a frequency shift signal generated by an acousto-optic frequency shifter0Is an object light field (omega is generally smaller by 10)3)。
The principle of the invention is as follows: based on the optical imaging technology, the object beam sequentially passes through the 4f system and the Fourier lens through the image subtraction characteristic of the 4f system to tune the annular diaphragm, and finally the annular beams with different aperture ratios are controlled by changing the size proportion of the aperture on the diaphragm to realize the modulation of the object beam and realize the extraction effect on different degrees of the edge of the object, so that the edge information of the object can be effectively obtained, the operation difficulty is simplified and the sufficient light intensity is obtained; the diaphragm can use an adjustable small hole, and the proportion and the size of the annular light can be conveniently adjusted; the resolution of the system can be improved, and the utilization rate of object light is improved; the low-pass filter can be modulated to smooth the hologram by adjusting the position of the grating, so that the image noise is reduced and the sharp points in the hologram are eliminated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the method for directly obtaining the annular light by using a spatial light modulator and the like, the method has the advantages of lower manufacturing cost, simplicity in operation, strong operability and capability of obtaining the annular light for the annular pupil.
(2) The invention has less waste of light sources, the annular pupil often generates noise in an image due to diffraction in an experiment, the size of the annular pupil is generally not adjustable, and the annular light spot can be controlled by adjusting the size of the circular hole in the diaphragm.
(3) The invention can not only use the diaphragm to generate annular light, but also modulate the low-pass filter which can reduce noise by adjusting the position of the grating, thereby generating a certain effect on eliminating the noise of the picture, playing the effect of smoothing filtering and eliminating the sharp point in the picture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a holographic system (for transparent objects) for use in the present invention
In the figure: 1-a beam splitter I; 2-an acousto-optic frequency shifter; 3-a beam splitter II; 4-a reflector I; 5-a diaphragm; 6-Fourier lens I; 7-grating; 8-Fourier lens II; 9-Fourier lens III; 10-mirror II; 11-an aperture diaphragm; 12-beam splitter III; 13-Fourier lens IV; 14-a translation stage; 15-Fourier lens V; 16-a photodiode I; 17-a Fourier lens VI; 18-photodiode ii; 19-a band-pass filter; 20-a lock-in amplifier; 21-a computer; 22-a laser; 23-a beam expander; and the 24-Fourier lens VII.
Fig. 2 shows a 4f system implementing a ring light.
FIG. 3 is a graph of edge extraction simulation effects; where A is the original graph, B is the edge extraction effect, C is the local effect of graph B, and D is the normalized intensity at the scribe line of graph C.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description.
To illustrate the specific modes of operation of the present invention in detail, the following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and that the invention is not limited to the described representations.
Example 1
A method for realizing edge extraction of annular light based on a 4f system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the laser 22 emits a laser beam with frequency omega, the laser beam is expanded by a beam expander 23 and then collimated into a parallel beam by a Fourier lens VII 24, the parallel beam is divided into a first beam and a second beam by a beam splitter I1, the first beam is modulated into a beam of omega + omega by an acousto-optic frequency shifter 2, the beam generates two beams by a beam splitter II 3, one beam passes through a diaphragm 5 after passing through a reflector I4, the other beam directly and vertically passes through the diaphragm 5, the two beams generate a large circular spot and a small circular spot by the diaphragm, the two circular spots obtain interference circular spots by the same Fourier lens I6, and the interference circular spots are amplified by a Fourier lens II 8 after being filtered by a grating 7 and then are modulated into parallel beams by a Fourier lens III 9;
(2) the second path of light is reflected by a reflecting mirror II 10 and then is changed into a spherical wave light beam through an aperture diaphragm 11, the spherical wave light beam and the parallel light beam obtained in the step 2 are interfered by a beam splitter III 12 to form a Fresnel wave zone plate, the Fresnel wave zone plate is converged by a Fourier lens IV 13 to scan an object, the scanned light beam is converged by a Fourier lens V15 and then is converted into a current signal through a photodiode I16, the current signal is filtered into a signal only with omega frequency through a band-pass filter 19, the signal is divided into a sin signal and a cos signal after passing through a phase-locked amplifier 20, the obtained signal retains the signal with the omega frequency through a low-pass filter, and finally the two groups of signals are recorded to a computer as object light information through a data acquisition card;
(3) light transmitted from the other surface of the beam splitter III 12 enters a Fourier lens VI 17 and is converged on a photodiode II 18, the photodiode II 18 converts an optical signal into an electric signal and then inputs the electric signal into a phase-locked amplifier 20, and the phase-locked amplifier 20 transmits the signal to a computer to form a reference optical signal; and finally, realizing the reconstruction of the three-dimensional information of the object by the computer.
In the simulation of the embodiment, the used laser wavelength is 632.8nm red light, the distance between the lens and the object is 90mm, the object to be processed is a hollow circle, and the resolution is 512 × 512pixels, as shown in fig. 3, the edge information is thick, the edge of the image is clear, the background noise of the image is not obvious, and the edge extraction effect of the invention is ideal; the higher the normalized intensity is, the better the effect of edge extraction of the object is, and the better the normalized intensity of the object at the position shown can be clearly seen from fig. 3D, which also proves that the edge extraction effect of the invention is ideal, the reconstructed edge can be seen to be bilinear, the edge is smoother and the noise is weak, thereby not only reducing the damage to details for eliminating the noise in the reconstruction algorithm, but also shortening the reconstruction time and achieving the purpose of real-time holography.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for realizing edge extraction of annular light based on a 4f system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the laser device (22) emits a laser beam with frequency omega, the laser beam is expanded by a beam expander (23), the laser beam is collimated into a parallel light beam by a Fourier lens VII (24), the parallel light beam is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by a beam splitter I (1), the first light beam is modulated into a light beam of omega + omega by an acousto-optic frequency shifter (2), the light beam generates two light beams by a beam splitter II (3), one light beam passes through a diaphragm (5) after passing through a reflector I (4), the other light beam directly and vertically passes through the diaphragm (5), the two light beams generate a large circular spot and a small circular spot by the diaphragm, the two circular spots obtain interference circular spots by the same Fourier lens I (6), the interference circular spots are amplified by a Fourier lens II (8) after being filtered by a grating (7), and are modulated into the parallel light beam by a Fourier lens III (9);
(2) a second path of light is reflected by a reflecting mirror II (10) and then is changed into a spherical wave light beam through an eyelet diaphragm (11), the spherical wave light beam and the parallel light beam obtained in the step (2) are interfered by a beam splitter III (12) to form a Fresnel wave zone plate, the Fresnel wave zone plate is converged by a Fourier lens IV (13) and then scans an object, the scanned light beam is converged by a Fourier lens V (15) and then is converted into a current signal through a photodiode I (16), the current signal is filtered into a signal only with omega frequency through a band-pass filter (19), the signal is divided into a sin signal and a cos signal after passing through a phase-locked amplifier (20), the obtained signal retains the signal with the omega frequency through a low-pass filter, and finally the two groups of signals are recorded to a computer through a data acquisition card to serve as object light information;
(3) light transmitted from the other surface of the beam splitter III (12) enters a Fourier lens VI (17) and is converged on a photodiode II (18), the photodiode II (18) converts an optical signal into an electric signal and then inputs the electric signal into a phase-locked amplifier (20), and the phase-locked amplifier (20) transmits the signal to a computer to form a reference optical signal; and finally, realizing the reconstruction of the three-dimensional information of the object by the computer.
2. The method for realizing annular light edge extraction based on the 4f system according to claim 1, wherein: the diaphragm (5) transmittance function is expressed as:
Figure 748891DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein
Figure 471997DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The positions of two graphs and the shapes of the graphs on the diaphragm are shown, the position of a middle perpendicular line of the connecting line of the centers of the two graphs is the center of the diaphragm, and the distance between the connecting lines of the centers of the two graphs is 2 b.
3. The method for realizing annular light edge extraction based on a 4f system according to claim 3, wherein: the grating (7) is used corresponding to the diaphragm (5) and has a grating constant𝑓0=b/λ𝑓λ is the wavelength of the laser emitted by the laser,𝑓the focal length of the Fourier lens I (6) and the focal length of the Fourier lens II (8) are the complex amplitude transmittance of the grating.
4. The method for realizing annular light edge extraction based on the 4f system according to claim 1, wherein: the object is arranged on the translation stage, and the translation stage drives the object to move so as to realize the scanning process.
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汪慧超等: "空间光调制器产生拉盖尔-高斯光束方法研究", 《激光技术》 *

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