CN107885070B - Incoherent digital holography single exposure imaging method and system based on SLM - Google Patents

Incoherent digital holography single exposure imaging method and system based on SLM Download PDF

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CN107885070B
CN107885070B CN201710501858.XA CN201710501858A CN107885070B CN 107885070 B CN107885070 B CN 107885070B CN 201710501858 A CN201710501858 A CN 201710501858A CN 107885070 B CN107885070 B CN 107885070B
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phase shift
light modulator
spatial light
holograms
hologram
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CN107885070A (en
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弓巧侠
白云鹤
汪盼
臧瑞环
段智勇
梁二军
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Zhengzhou University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0443Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0443Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
    • G03H2001/0452Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means arranged to record an image of the object

Abstract

The invention provides a non-coherent digital holography single exposure imaging method and a system based on a synthetic aperture technology, wherein the breadth of a spatial light modulator is divided into three adjacent areas, a double-lens mode is loaded for each area, and phase shift angles of 0, 2 pi/3 and 4 pi/3 are respectively loaded on the three areas of the spatial light modulator; recording a plurality of phase shift holograms on an image acquisition device; extracting the holograms with different phase shift angles collected by the image collecting device respectively according to the position distribution of the phase shift angles loaded on the spatial light modulator to obtain three phase shift sub-holograms; and (4) applying an angular spectrum diffraction method in a computer according to the hologram to reproduce the hologram. The invention adopts the spatial light modulator as a periodic phase modulation device, thus avoiding the distortion and noise caused by adding an additional array device in the light path and further avoiding the difficulty problem of manufacturing the device.

Description

Incoherent digital holography single exposure imaging method and system based on SLM
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical diffraction imaging and incoherent digital holography, and particularly discloses a three-dimensional dynamic imaging device and method based on incoherent digital holography.
Background
Digital holography is a technology for recording the light field information of an object based on the optical holographic imaging principle and reconstructing the original light field on a computer by a numerical value reproduction method. The recording by using high-coherence laser can generate a series of speckle noises and parasitic interference generated by reflection of optical elements in an optical path, and the Incoherent Digital Holography (IDH) adopts space Incoherent light to illuminate an object to realize the recording of a hologram, so that the defect is overcome, and the reproduced image has high quality. The most prominent research effort in Incoherent digital Holography is Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography (FINCH), proposed by Rosen and Brooker. The technique uses a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) or a GRIN lens to generate self-interference fresnel holograms. All point source holograms generated or reflected on the surface of the object are incoherently superposed and recorded by CCD/CMOS, and then are processed numerically in a computer and Fresnel diffraction is simulated to realize three-dimensional reconstruction of an object light field. The structure of the FINCH physical parameter common path enables the interference of the external environment to be effectively eliminated when recording, the stability and the practicability of the device are improved, different light paths are arranged in front of the SLM, and fluorescence microscopic imaging, telescopic imaging, confocal microscopic imaging and the like can be realized. The coaxial holographic single exposure is realized based on the structural change of an incoherent holographic recording light path, although the technology can realize real-time recording, the construction and adjustment system is slightly complicated, the cost is increased, the number of recording elements is increased, and the practical application is difficult. The CS algorithm is used for realizing single exposure, although the advantages are many, the compressed sensing value is complex to calculate, the whole program runs in time, and if the blocking processing is adopted during high-resolution imaging, the blocking effect can also occur. In recent years, the SLM is more and more widely applied in digital holography, and if the characteristics of the SLM can be fully utilized in the imaging process, multi-step phase shift is loaded on the SLM simultaneously to realize single exposure, so that the application range of incoherent digital holography is greatly widened. The title method comprises dividing the SLM into multiple square regions of 2 × 2 pixels by Wanyuhong of Beijing university of industry, wherein the pixels at the upper left, upper right, lower left and lower right positions correspond to 0, pi/2, pi and 3 pi/2, respectively, and we find that the hologram of several phases can be recorded at the same position of CCD, and it is difficult to extract the sub-phase-shift holograms corresponding to 0, pi/2, pi and 3 pi/2, respectively.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to enable incoherent holography to be used for recording dynamic samples or dynamic processes, ensure that the complexity of a system is not increased, and auxiliary devices are not required to be added and manufactured additionally to obtain single-exposure multiple phase-shift holograms, the invention provides a system and a method for realizing single-exposure incoherent digital holographic three-dimensional dynamic microscopic imaging by forming a double-lens array on an SLM (spatial light modulator) based on a synthetic aperture technology.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a non-coherent digital holography single exposure imaging method based on a synthetic aperture technology,
dividing the breadth of the spatial light modulator into three adjacent regions, and loading a double-lens mode for each region;
loading phase shift angles of 0, 2 pi/3 and 4 pi/3 on three areas of the spatial light modulator respectively;
recording a plurality of phase shift holograms on an image acquisition device;
extracting the holograms with different phase shift angles collected by the image collecting device respectively according to the position distribution of the phase shift angles loaded on the spatial light modulator to obtain three phase shift sub-holograms; and (4) carrying out three-step phase shift calculation on the split sub-holograms to synthesize a complex value hologram containing object light waves.
And (3) according to the complex value hologram, reconstructing the hologram in a computer by applying an angular spectrum diffraction method.
After the double-lens mode is loaded in each area, the recording position of the hologram on the image acquisition device is selected by controlling the number of pixels occupied by the double lens of each area on the spatial light modulator, so that three discrete phase-shift holograms can be obtained on the image acquisition device.
The double-lens mode of each area randomly selects half of pixel loading focal length asf d1The other half of the pixels are loaded with focal lengths off d2The lens of (2) forms a diffraction beam splitting pattern for incident light beams.
The spatial light modulator is a phase type reflective spatial light modulator.
The image acquisition device is a high-resolution CCD or a CMOS.
The three areas of the spatial light modulator are equally divided along the horizontal direction or equally divided along the vertical direction for the breadth of the spatial light modulator.
A system for SLM-based incoherent digital holographic single exposure imaging, comprising:
means for loading each of three adjacent regions of the spatial light modulator panel with a double lens pattern;
means for loading three regions of the spatial light modulator with phase shift angles of 0, 2 pi/3, 4 pi/3, respectively;
an image acquisition device for recording a plurality of phase-shifted holograms;
the phase shift angle extraction device is used for respectively extracting the holograms with different phase shift angles collected by the image collection device according to the position distribution of the phase shift angles loaded on the spatial light modulator to obtain three phase shift sub-holograms; and make the split sub-hologram progress three-step phase shift calculation, synthesize a device comprising complex value hologram of the object light wave;
and (3) according to the complex value hologram, reconstructing the hologram in a computer by applying an angular spectrum diffraction method.
And the device is used for selecting the recording position of the hologram on the image acquisition device by controlling the number of pixels occupied by the double lens of each area on the spatial light modulator after each area is loaded with the double-lens mode, so that three separated phase-shift holograms can be obtained on the image acquisition device.
Further comprising a dual lens pattern for each region, randomly selecting half of the pixel loading focal length tof d1The other half of the pixels are loaded with focal lengths off d2And a means for forming a diffraction beam-splitting pattern for the incident light beam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the spatial light modulator is used as a periodic phase modulation device, so that the problem that additional array devices are added in an optical path to cause distortion and noise can be avoided, and the difficulty problem of manufacturing the device is not considered. The phase modulation is carried out on the reference light wave by adding corresponding phase factors to pixels at specific positions on the spatial light modulator, so that the phase-contrast hologram can be recorded simultaneously by single exposure. The invention can realize single exposure and record a partition phase shift incoherent digital hologram in an incoherent light source illumination coaxial common-path digital holographic microscopic imaging system, rebuilds the three-dimensional appearance and the internal structure information of a sample to be detected through a numerical value reconstruction algorithm, and can be used in a real-time three-dimensional imaging system with lower light source coherence.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a split-area loading scheme for an SLM.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of phase shift angle loading of a spatial light modulator.
Fig. 3 is a holographic diagram.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of hologram reconstruction.
FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention firstly provides a non-coherent digital holography single exposure imaging method based on a synthetic aperture technology, which utilizes a pure phase mode of a spatial light modulator to prepare a double-lens array mask through a computer, wherein one double-lens mask corresponds to one phase mode, and the single exposure is realized by simultaneously recording a plurality of phase-shift holograms.
The invention can specifically adopt the following steps:
firstly, dividing the breadth of a spatial light modulator into three adjacent regions, and loading a double-lens mode for each region;
then, loading phase shift angles of 0, 2 pi/3 and 4 pi/3 on three adjacent areas of the spatial light modulator respectively;
after the loading angle phase shift, one hologram is obtained through one exposure, but three phase shift angles are loaded in the hologram at the same time, so that one hologram containing three phase shifts at the same time is collected on the CCD.
Extracting the holograms with different phase shift angles collected by the image collecting device respectively according to the position distribution of the phase shift angles loaded on the spatial light modulator to obtain three phase shift sub-holograms; carrying out three-step phase shift calculation on the split sub-holograms to synthesize a complex value hologram containing object light waves;
the hologram is reconstructed using an angular spectrum diffraction complex value hologram.
Because only light intensity information can be recorded on the CCD, a hologram recorded by the CCD can be processed to extract a complex value hologram containing object light field amplitude and phase information, wherein the amplitude (coefficient before complex number) represents the intensity of the object light field, and the complex value represents the phase of the object light field; since the complex-valued hologram contains all the information of the object, the reconstruction of the hologram can be performed with reference light.
The spatial light modulator is selected as a phase type reflective spatial light modulator; and the image acquisition device is selected to be a high-resolution CCD or a CMOS.
The above described division of the breadth of the spatial light modulator into three adjacent regions can be selected to divide the breadth of the spatial light modulator equally in the horizontal direction or equally in the vertical direction, which is three 170 x 170 pixel rectangular apertures as shown in fig. 2.
In the method, after the double-lens mask is loaded for each area, the recording position of the hologram on the image acquisition device is selected by controlling the number of pixels occupied by the double lens of each area on the spatial light modulator, so that three discrete phase-shift holograms can be obtained on the image acquisition device.
And randomly selecting half pixel loading focal distance asf d1The other half of the pixels are loaded with focal lengths off d2The lens of (2) forms a diffraction beam splitting pattern for incident light beams. As shown in FIG. 1, the distance between the SLM and the CCD isZ hIn the double lens, the focal length isf d1Has a focal point at one side of the CCD and has a focal length off d2The focus of the CCD is on the other side of the CCD, a diffraction light splitting pattern for splitting incident light is formed, after three-step phase shift is loaded on the spatial light modulator, a phase shift hologram is obtained through single exposure, and the hologram is reproduced through the phase shift hologram.
The invention also provides a system for incoherent digital holography single exposure imaging based on the synthetic aperture technology, which comprises the following components:
means for loading each of three adjacent regions of the spatial light modulator panel with a double lens pattern;
means for loading three regions of the spatial light modulator with phase shift angles of 0, 2 pi/3, 4 pi/3, respectively;
an image acquisition device for recording a plurality of phase-shifted holograms;
the phase shift angle extraction device is used for respectively extracting the holograms with different phase shift angles collected by the image collection device according to the position distribution of the phase shift angles loaded on the spatial light modulator to obtain three phase shift sub-holograms; and make the split sub-hologram progress three-step phase shift calculation, synthesize a device comprising complex value hologram of the object light wave;
and the device is used for controlling the number of pixels occupied by the double lens of each area on the spatial light modulator and adjusting the distance between the spatial light modulator and the image acquisition device after the double-lens mode is loaded in each area, so that three separated phase-shift holograms can be obtained on the image acquisition device.
And a dual lens pattern for each region, randomly selecting half of the pixel loading focal length tof d1The other half of the pixels are loaded with focal lengths off d2And a means for forming a diffraction beam-splitting pattern for the incident light beam.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for incoherent digital holography single-exposure imaging based on the synthetic aperture technology according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the system includes:
an optical path system: through the optical path system, a light beam is formed on the spatial light modulator, so that a hologram is formed on the image acquisition device, and finally the hologram is acquired. The light path system comprises a white light source 1, a first cubic beam splitter 2, an object to be detected 3, a filter 4, a polaroid 5, a collimating lens 6, a second cubic beam splitter 7, a reflective spatial light modulator 8, a high-resolution monochromatic CCD9 and a computer 10.
The spatial light modulator: a reflective spatial light modulator is used.
A computer: the method is used for manufacturing a double-lens array mask loaded on three equipartition areas of a spatial light modulator, and simultaneously manufacturing three-step phase shift for respectively loading phase shift angles of 0 pi/3, 2 pi/3 and 4 pi/3 on adjacent areas of the spatial light modulator; the phase-shift hologram extracting device can also be used for acquiring a plurality of phase-shift holograms recorded by the image acquisition device, extracting the holograms with different phase-shift angles acquired by the image acquisition device respectively to obtain three phase-shift sub-holograms, performing three-step phase-shift calculation on the split sub-holograms to synthesize a complex value hologram containing object light waves; and then the hologram is reproduced in a computer by using an angular spectrum diffraction method.
High-resolution monochrome CCD: as an image acquisition device.
When the system is used, the white light source 1 is a continuous spectrum white light source, is an incoherent light source, and is fixed on a platform to avoid the influence caused by vibration in order to facilitate the operation of equipment. The incoherent light emitted by the white light source 1 specifically propagates in the present invention in the following manner: the light emitted by the white light source 1 is converted into monochromatic light after passing through the filter plate 4, the light after passing through the filter plate 4 is transmitted to the first cubic beam splitter 2 and is reflected by the first cubic beam splitter 2 to irradiate on the object 3, the light reflected by the object 3 enters the polaroid 5 through the first cubic beam splitter 2 to be converted into monochromatic linear polarized light, the monochromatic linear polarized light is converted into collimated monochromatic linear polarized light after being collimated by the collimating lens 6 and then enters the reflective spatial light modulator 8 after passing through the second cubic beam splitter 7, the reflective spatial light modulator 8 is loaded with a double-lens array mask manufactured by a computer, the double-lens array mask can convert the wave surface of the light beam incident on the reflective spatial light modulator 8 and divide the light beam into two beams of self-coherent light, and the computer 10 controls the high-resolution monochromatic CCD9 to record interference fringes.
Wherein, the computer is connected with the reflective spatial light modulator and the high-resolution monochromatic CCD through data lines. The white light source is a continuous spectrum white light source. The polarization direction of the polaroid is consistent with the polarization direction of the reflective spatial light modulator. The central wavelength of the optical filter is 633nm, the bandwidth is 10nm, and the coherence length of the filtered light source is 39.4 mu m; the resolution of the reflective spatial light modulator is 512 multiplied by 512, and the spectral range is as follows: 420 nm-700 nm; the high-resolution monochromatic CCD has 1344 multiplied by 1024 effective pixels, 6.45 multiplied by 6.45 mu m pixel size and wavelength response range: 300 nm-1000 nm, and the phase linear modulation range is 0-2 pi.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the breadth of the spatial light modulator is firstly divided into three adjacent regions, and a double-lens mode is loaded for each region; then, loading phase shift angles of 0, 2 pi/3 and 4 pi/3 on three adjacent areas of the spatial light modulator respectively; the invention is illustrated by experiments with the system in the above example:
the shooting light path of the hologram consists of a white light source, a converging lens, an aperture diaphragm, an optical filter, a sample to be detected, a collimating lens, a beam splitting prism, a spatial light modulator, an image sensor and a computer. The incident light irradiates a sample to be measured, and the light wave of the sample lens to be measured is converged by the collimating lens and modulated by the spatial light modulator, and then is received by the image acquisition device.
When generating a pattern loaded by a spatial light modulator in a computer, generating the phases of two spherical waves with different focal lengths respectively, and loading an additional phase shift angle in one spherical surface, wherein the specific loading method comprises the following steps: dividing the breadth of the spatial light modulator into three areas, wherein each area is correspondingly loaded with 0, 2 pi/3 and 4 pi/3 phase shift angles respectively; the phase shift angle is loaded as shown in fig. 2. After recording the hologram, according to the position distribution of each phase shift angle on the CCD, three phase shift holograms corresponding to 0, 2 pi/3 and 4 pi/3 are respectively extracted on the CCD, the complex value hologram of the recovered object light can be obtained by applying the phase shift algorithm to the holograms, and the reconstructed image is obtained by numerical calculation in a computer.
Reconstruction images as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the method of the present invention can record a partitioned phase shift hologram by a single exposure and the system is simple and compact, thus being suitable for holographic three-dimensional imaging of dynamic samples and dynamic processes.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A non-coherent digital holography single exposure imaging method based on a synthetic aperture technology is characterized in that:
dividing the breadth of the spatial light modulator into three adjacent regions, and loading a double-lens mode for each region;
loading phase shift angles of 0, 2 pi/3 and 4 pi/3 on three areas of the spatial light modulator respectively;
recording a plurality of phase shift holograms on an image acquisition device;
extracting the holograms with different phase shift angles collected by the image collecting device respectively according to the position distribution of the phase shift angles loaded on the spatial light modulator to obtain three phase shift sub-holograms; carrying out three-step phase shift calculation on the split sub-holograms to synthesize a complex value hologram containing object light waves;
reconstructing the hologram by applying an angular spectrum diffraction method in a computer according to the complex value hologram;
after the double-lens mode is loaded in each area, selecting the recording position of the hologram on the image acquisition device by controlling the pixel number occupied by the double lens of each area on the spatial light modulator, so that three discrete phase-shift holograms can be obtained on the image acquisition device;
the double-lens mode of each area randomly selects half of pixel loading focal length asf d1The other half of the pixels are loaded with focal lengths off d2The lens of (1) forming a diffraction spectroscopic pattern for incident light wavelength division;
the three areas of the spatial light modulator are equally divided along the horizontal direction or equally divided along the vertical direction for the breadth of the spatial light modulator.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the spatial light modulator is a phase type reflective spatial light modulator.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the image acquisition device is a high-resolution CCD or a CMOS.
4. A system for SLM-based incoherent digital holographic single exposure imaging applying the method of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
means for loading each of three adjacent regions of the spatial light modulator panel with a double lens pattern;
means for loading three regions of the spatial light modulator with phase shift angles of 0, 2 pi/3, 4 pi/3, respectively;
an image acquisition device for recording a plurality of phase-shifted holograms;
the phase shift angle extraction device is used for respectively extracting the holograms with different phase shift angles collected by the image collection device according to the position distribution of the phase shift angles loaded on the spatial light modulator to obtain three phase shift sub-holograms; and make the split sub-hologram progress three-step phase shift calculation, synthesize a device comprising complex value hologram of the object light wave;
and (3) according to the complex value hologram, reconstructing the hologram in a computer by applying an angular spectrum diffraction method.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein: and the device is used for selecting the recording position of the hologram on the image acquisition device by controlling the number of pixels occupied by the double lens of each area on the spatial light modulator after each area is loaded with the double-lens mode, so that three separated phase-shift holograms can be obtained on the image acquisition device.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein: further comprising a dual lens pattern for each region, randomly selecting half of the pixel loading focal length tof d1The other half of the pixels are loaded with focal lengths off d2And a means for forming a diffraction beam-splitting pattern for the incident light beam.
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