CN112981277A - Preparation method of ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel, which comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out room-temperature rolling deformation on the medium-carbon nano bainite steel subjected to complete austenitizing and low-temperature bainite transformation, wherein the single-pass reduction is controlled to be more than 4%, the accumulated reduction is at least 15%, and then carrying out medium-temperature tempering treatment. The medium carbon nanometer bainite steel comprises the following chemical components: 0.25-0.30% of C; 1.2-1.5% of Si; 1.0-1.7% of Mn1; 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al; 0.8-1.0% of Mo; 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni; nb0.015-0.020%, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. According to the method, through simple plastic deformation, part of massive residual austenite is subjected to deformation induced phase transformation, the strength of the steel is obviously improved while the plasticity of the steel is ensured, the yield strength can reach 1500MPa, the elongation is 10%, and the strength and toughness indexes of the steel can be matched with those of high-carbon nano bainite steel. The method has the advantages of simple required equipment, easy control and realization of the process, and huge production potential and application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal material processing, in particular to a preparation method of ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel.
Background
In 2003, Cabilloro in Spain and Bhadeshia in England and the like preserve heat of high-carbon high-silicon alloy steel with the carbon content of 0.75-0.98% at low temperature for a long time to obtain ultrahigh-strength nano bainite steel for the first time. Research shows that the ultimate tensile strength of the nano bainite steel can exceed 2.2GPa, the highest hardness can reach 670HV, and meanwhile, the equivalent elongation (5-30%) can be ensured. The microstructure of the nano bainite steel is characterized, and the residual austenite is found to present two morphologies, wherein one form is high-carbon film-shaped residual austenite embedded between bainite ferrite laths, so that the toughness of the steel can be improved; the other is low-carbon blocky retained austenite distributed among bainite lath bundles, and the low-carbon blocky retained austenite is deformed in the subsequent deformation process to induce martensite phase transformation and damage toughness. In addition, the phase transformation temperature of the high-carbon nano bainite steel is low, so that the production process is tedious.
The published nano bainitic steel with rapid phase change and the preparation method thereof (CN109295389B) adopts the concept of medium and low carbon to control the carbon content to be 0.3-0.6% and avoid high brittleness; meanwhile, Al and Co elements are added to promote the phase change of the nano bainite, and the phase change time of the bainite is shortened to be within 60 minutes by combining a two-stage isothermal quenching process technology. But the mechanical property of the obtained nano bainite steel is not high.
The method for improving the strength and the wear resistance of the nano bainite steel (CN108642256A) sequentially carries out subzero treatment at-200 to-180 ℃ and low-temperature tempering at 100 to 250 ℃ on the high-carbon nano bainite steel after isothermal quenching, further converts residual austenite into martensite, and improves the hardness and the stability of the structure of the martensite.
"a nanometer bainite hot work die steel and its preparation method" (CN111893391A) "adopts the technological line of quenching and tempering pretreatment, isothermal quenching and tempering treatment combination, obtains the nanometer bainite hot work die steel that the impact power is not less than 500J, the tensile strength is not less than 1900MPa, the hardness is not less than 52 HRC. However, the production process of the high-strength nano bainite steel is complex, and the preparation time is too long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel for making up the defects of the prior art and products.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel comprises the following chemical components: 0.25-0.30% of C; 1.2-1.5% of Si; 1.0-1.7% of Mn; 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al; 0.8-1.0% of Mo; 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni; 0.015 to 0.020% of Nb, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
In the element components, the C element is the main additive element of the steel, when the C content is less than 0.25%, the strengthening effect is weaker, the phase transformation temperature is higher, and the bainite ferrite lath is more than 100 nm; when the carbon content is more than 0.30%, the bainite phase transition temperature is low, and the low-temperature phase transition time is long. Therefore, the C content is controlled to be 0.25-0.3%.
Si element: the method has the advantages that the solid solution strengthening effect is achieved, the precipitation of cementite in the low-temperature phase change process is inhibited, when the content of Si is less than 1.2%, the solid solution strengthening effect and the precipitation of cementite are weak, and no carbide-free bainite ferrite lath can be obtained; when the Si content is more than 1.5%, pro-eutectoid ferrite is separated out in the cooling process, and the strength and the toughness of the nano bainite steel are reduced. Therefore, the Si content is controlled to be 1.2 to 1.5%.
Mn element: the phase transformation is promoted and the hardenability of the nano bainite steel is improved. When the Mn content is less than 1.0, the hardenability of the nano bainite steel is not enough, and the microstructure is not completely a nano bainite structure; when the Mn content is more than 1.7%, casting blank defects are easily generated in the casting process. Therefore, the Mn content is controlled to 1.0 to 1.7%.
Cr and Ni elements: the sufficient hardenability and strength of the nano bainite steel are ensured, so that the Cr content and the Ni content are respectively controlled to be more than 1.2 percent and 0.6 percent. In addition, in view of production cost, the content of both should be controlled to 1.5% and 1.0% or less.
Al element: the nano bainite transformation kinetics are accelerated to obtain more bainite ferrite. The Al content is less than 1.5 percent, and the low-temperature bainite phase transition time is longer; al content is more than 2.0%, resulting in a reduction in quality of a cast slab. Therefore, the Al content is controlled to be 1.5 to 2.0%.
Mo: the strength of the nano bainite steel at room temperature is improved, so that the content of Mo is controlled to be more than 0.6 percent; when the Mo content exceeds 1.0%, bainite transformation is rather inhibited. Therefore, the Mo content is controlled to 0.6-1.0%.
In particular, the Nb element: original austenite grains are refined, bainite phase transformation is promoted, and therefore the Nb content is controlled to be more than 0.015 percent; when the Nb content exceeds 0.020%, the bainitic transformation is rather inhibited, and the volume fraction of bainitic ferrite is lowered.
The invention provides a preparation method of ultrahigh-strength nano bainite steel, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (3) carrying out room-temperature rolling deformation on the medium-carbon nano bainite steel subjected to complete austenitizing and low-temperature bainite phase transformation, so that the low-carbon blocky residual austenite is subjected to deformation induced phase transformation to form martensite, and the strength of the medium-carbon nano bainite steel is improved.
Step 2: and (4) tempering the nano bainite steel obtained after rolling at medium temperature. The medium-temperature tempering can regulate and control the stress distribution in the medium-carbon nano bainite steel and improve the plasticity and toughness of the medium-carbon nano bainite steel.
Further, the cumulative reduction of the room-temperature rolling deformation is at least 15%.
Because the carbon content of the blocky retained austenite in the nanometer bainite structure is lower than that of the film-shaped retained austenite, and the carbon content is larger, the deformation induced phase transformation phenomenon occurs in the deformation process to form lath-shaped martensite, which is harmful to the toughness of the material. And carrying out rolling deformation at room temperature after direct low-temperature phase transformation to convert the massive residual austenite into martensite, and then carrying out medium-temperature tempering treatment to eliminate internal stress. The elongation of the medium-carbon nanometer bainite steel is considered while the strength is obviously improved.
In the technical scheme, the rolling deformation process is carried out at room temperature, the single-pass reduction is controlled to be more than 4%, and the accumulated reduction is at least 15%.
In the rolling treatment, the pass reduction is too low, and the rolling force is not enough to cause deformation-induced phase transformation of the blocky retained austenite. Too high a reduction affects the retained austenite phase transformation effect and the internal stress distribution.
In the technical scheme, the medium-temperature tempering treatment is to heat the rolled medium-carbon nano bainite steel to 300-400 ℃ at the speed of 2-5 ℃/min and keep the temperature for 1 h.
The medium-temperature tempering is to further regulate and control the internal stress distribution of the steel plate and improve the plasticity and toughness of the medium-carbon nanometer bainite steel on the premise of ensuring that the high-carbon film-shaped residual austenite is not decomposed.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the time interval between the low temperature phase transition and the room temperature rolling deformation treatment is greater than 6 hours.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel, room-temperature rolling treatment and medium-temperature tempering treatment are carried out on the medium-carbon nano bainite steel after complete austenitization and low-temperature Behcet phase transformation, so that on one hand, low-carbon blocky residual austenite is subjected to deformation induced phase transformation to form martensite, and the strength of the medium-carbon nano bainite steel is improved; on the other hand, the medium-temperature tempering can regulate and control the stress distribution in the medium-carbon nano bainite steel and improve the plasticity and toughness of the medium-carbon nano bainite steel.
(2) By the preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel, the yield strength of the finally obtained nano bainite steel can reach 1500MPa, the elongation is 10%, and the method is almost the same as that of high-carbon nano bainite steel.
(3) The equipment adopted by the method for preparing the ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel is conventional equipment, and the production process is simple and controllable. Has great development potential and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the microstructure of medium carbon nano bainite steel after low temperature transformation at 338 ℃.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of medium carbon nano bainite steel after rolling deformation at 15% room temperature.
FIG. 3 shows the microstructure of the nano bainite steel after 15% rolling deformation at room temperature and medium temperature tempering at 300 ℃.
FIG. 4 shows the microstructure of medium carbon nanometer bainite steel after low temperature transformation at 340 ℃.
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of medium carbon nano bainite steel after 16% room temperature rolling deformation.
FIG. 6 shows the microstructure of the nano bainite steel after 16% rolling deformation at room temperature and medium temperature tempering at 300 ℃.
FIG. 7 shows the microstructure of medium carbon nano bainite steel after low temperature phase transformation at 342 ℃.
FIG. 8 is a microstructure of medium carbon nano bainite steel after 16% room temperature rolling deformation.
FIG. 9 shows the microstructure of the nano bainite steel after 16% rolling deformation at room temperature and medium temperature tempering at 400 ℃.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel, which adopts 0.25-0.30% of C; 1.2-1.5% of Si; 1.0-1.7% of Mn; 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al; 0.8-1.0% of Mo; 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni; and (3) taking medium-carbon bainite steel with Nb of 0.015-0.020% as a raw material to perform a test.
The specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) heating 25kg of forging stock to 1200 ℃, homogenizing for 24h, forging to a blank of 60mm × 45mm × 15mm, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) reheating the blank to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, then putting the blank into a salt bath furnace for bainite phase transformation, setting the temperature of the salt bath furnace to 338 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
(3) after cooling the sample to room temperature for 6 hours, rolling deformation was performed. The single-pass reduction amounts are 5%, 5% and 5% in sequence.
(4) And reheating the rolled sample to 300 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1h, and then cooling the sample to room temperature in air.
FIG. 1 shows the microstructure of nano bainite steel obtained by low temperature bainite transformation, the basic mechanical properties are as follows: the yield strength Rel is 956MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1287MPa, and the elongation is 27 percent. FIG. 2 shows the microstructure of medium carbon nanometer bainite steel after 15% rolling deformation, and its basic mechanical properties are yield strength Rel of 1335MPa, tensile strength Rm of 1577MPa, and elongation of 13%. FIG. 3 shows the microstructure of medium carbon nanometer bainite steel after 15% rolling deformation and 300 ℃ medium temperature tempering, and the basic mechanical properties are yield strength Rel of 1562MPa, tensile strength Rm of 1662MPa and elongation of 14.5%.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel, which adopts 0.25-0.30% of C; 1.2-1.5% of Si; 1.0-1.7% of Mn; 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al; 0.8-1.0% of Mo; 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni; and (3) taking medium-carbon bainite steel with Nb of 0.015-0.020% as a raw material to perform a test.
The specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) heating 25kg of forging stock to 1200 ℃, homogenizing for 24h, forging to a blank of 60mm × 45mm × 15mm, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) reheating the blank to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, then putting the blank into a salt bath furnace for bainite phase transformation, setting the temperature of the salt bath furnace to 340 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
(3) after the sample was cooled to room temperature for 8 hours, the sample was subjected to rolling deformation at room temperature. The single-pass reduction amounts are 6%, 6% and 4% in sequence.
(4) And reheating the rolled sample to 300 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1h, and then cooling the sample to room temperature in air.
FIG. 4 shows the microstructure of the nano bainite steel obtained by low temperature bainite transformation, the basic mechanical properties are as follows: the yield strength Rel is 953MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1281MPa, and the elongation is 26%. FIG. 5 shows the microstructure of medium carbon nanometer bainite steel after 16% rolling deformation, and its basic mechanical properties are yield strength Rel 1423MPa, tensile strength Rm 1604MPa, and elongation 12%. FIG. 6 shows the microstructure of medium carbon nanometer bainite steel after 15% rolling deformation and medium temperature tempering at 300 ℃, and the basic mechanical properties are yield strength Rel of 1576MPa, tensile strength Rm of 1662MPa and elongation of 10.5%.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel, which adopts 0.25-0.30% of C; 1.2-1.5% of Si; 1.0-1.7% of Mn; 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al; 0.8-1.0% of Mo; 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni; and (3) taking medium-carbon bainite steel with Nb of 0.015-0.020% as a raw material to perform a test.
The specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) heating 25kg of forging stock to 1200 ℃, homogenizing for 24h, forging to a blank of 60mm × 45mm × 15mm, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) reheating the blank to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5h, then putting the blank into a salt bath furnace for bainite phase transformation, setting the temperature of the salt bath furnace to 342 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
(3) after the sample was cooled to room temperature for 10 hours, rolling deformation was performed. The single-pass reduction amounts are 6%, 5% and 5% in sequence.
(4) And reheating the rolled sample to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1h, and then cooling the sample to room temperature in air.
FIG. 7 shows the microstructure of the nano bainite steel obtained by low temperature bainite transformation, the basic mechanical properties are as follows: the yield strength Rel is 931MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1247MPa, and the elongation is 29 percent. FIG. 8 shows the microstructure of medium carbon nanometer bainite steel after 16% rolling deformation, and its basic mechanical properties are yield strength Rel of 1246MPa, tensile strength Rm of 1550MPa, and elongation of 14.5%. FIG. 9 shows the microstructure of medium carbon nanometer bainite steel after 16% rolling deformation and 400 ℃ medium temperature tempering, and the basic mechanical properties are that the yield strength Rel is 1485MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1592MPa, and the elongation is 10.5%.
And through the analysis of a microstructure diagram, the massive residual austenite with larger size after rolling deformation has deformation induced phase transformation to form lath-shaped martensite, so that the strength of the medium-carbon nano bainite steel can be obviously improved, and the medium-temperature tempering treatment can relieve the stress concentration in the medium-carbon nano bainite steel and improve the plasticity and toughness of the medium-carbon nano bainite steel. And the microstructure of the medium carbon nanometer bainite steel is not decomposed after tempering, and the bainite ferrite lath is still in the nanometer level, so that the ultrahigh strength and good ductility and toughness of the material are ensured.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon nano bainite steel is characterized in that the medium-carbon nano bainite steel comprises the following chemical components: 0.25-0.30% of C; 1.2-1.5% of Si; 1.0-1.7% of Mn; 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al; 0.8-1.0% of Mo; 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni; 0.015-0.020% of Nb, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out room-temperature rolling deformation on the medium-carbon nano bainite steel subjected to complete austenitizing and low-temperature bainite phase transformation, and then carrying out medium-temperature tempering treatment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the single pass reduction of the room temperature rolling deformation is controlled to be greater than 4%, and the cumulative reduction is at least 15%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the medium-temperature tempering treatment is to heat the medium-carbon nano bainite steel after rolling deformation at room temperature to 300-400 ℃ at a speed of 2-5 ℃/min and keep the temperature for 1 h.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the time interval between the low temperature phase transformation and the room temperature rolling deformation treatment is more than 6 h.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the yield strength of the ultra-high strength medium carbon nano bainite steel prepared according to the method is up to 1500MPa and the elongation is 10%.
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| CN114717392A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏大学 | Dievar steel and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN116732433A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-09-12 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of medium-carbon ultra-fine bainitic steel with good thermal stability |
| CN116855829A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-10-10 | 天津市产品质量监督检测技术研究院检测技术研究中心 | Low-carbon nano bainite steel and preparation method thereof |
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