CN112981215B - Preparation method of niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability - Google Patents
Preparation method of niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A preparation method of niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability, belonging to the field of steel materials. Preserving the heat of the niobium-containing nano bainite steel blank for 0.5-1.0 h at the temperature of 50-100 ℃ above the complete austenitizing temperature (Ac 3); then directly cooling to 5-15 ℃ above the martensite start phase transition temperature (Ms) at the speed of 20-50 ℃/s to perform isothermal bainite transformation, wherein the isothermal time is 1.0-2.0 h; or directly cooling to the temperature 5-8 ℃ below the martensite start phase transition temperature (Ms) to form a small amount of martensite, and then heating to the temperature 5-15 ℃ above the martensite start phase transition temperature (Ms) to perform two-step isothermal bainite transformation, wherein the isothermal time is 0.5-1.0 h. And finally, air cooling to room temperature. The nanometer bainite steel comprises the following chemical components: 0.25-0.30% of C; 1.2-1.5% of Si; 1.0-1.7% of Mn; 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al; 0.8-1.0% of Mo; 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni; 0.015 to 0.020% of Nb, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The invention relates to a process which does not need complex rolling deformation, has short phase change completion time, and can ensure the mechanical stability of the nano bainite steel at high temperature while refining the nano bainite microstructure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steel materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability.
Background
Nanometer bainite steel, also called low temperature bainite steel or superfine bainite steel, mostly adopts high carbon and high silicon alloy components, and carries out long-time isothermal bainite transformation at the temperature (200-300 ℃) above the martensite transformation starting temperature (Ms) so as to obtain nanometer bainite ferrite laths and film-shaped residual austenite. The high dislocation density in the laths of bainitic ferrite in the hard phase provides a higher strength and the retained austenite in the soft phase (film-like retained austenite and block-like retained austenite) ensures a comparable plasticity and toughness of the material. However, the transformation time of the nanometer bainite in the high-carbon high-silicon bainite steel is prolonged along with the reduction of the transformation temperature, and the obtained microstructure contains more blocky residual austenite (20 percent), and the deformation induced transformation phenomenon occurs in the plastic deformation process, so that the toughness of the bainite steel is damaged. In addition, the high-carbon high-silicon nanometer bainite steel has poor thermal stability. When heated, the film-shaped residual austenite is easily decomposed into carbide due to the higher carbon content of the film-shaped residual austenite, and the coarsening effect on the bainite ferrite lath is weakened, so that the strength and the toughness of the nano bainite steel are obviously reduced.
The published heat treatment method for the bainite steel with the micro-nano structure (CN110527794A) implements three heat treatment methods of two-step isothermal bainite phase change, low-temperature bainite + carbon partition transformation and low-temperature bainite + cryogenic treatment, and can obviously accelerate the bainite phase change and refine the blocky residual austenite. The invention patent with publication number CN109897943B controls the size of nano bainite and the content of the structure corresponding to the size, so as to accurately grasp the mechanical properties of the material. "a preparation method of low temperature bainite steel" (CN110129525A) aims at high carbon (0.77-0.84%) chemical composition, and is quenched to below Ms point after complete austenitization to form a small amount of martensite, and then isothermal bainite transformation is carried out, so that the phase transformation incubation period can be shortened. However, the production process is relatively complex and difficult to control accurately. And the research on the thermal stability of the prepared nano bainite steel is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides the niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability and the preparation method thereof to make up the defects and shortcomings of the technology and products, and the method adds a small amount of niobium element, accelerates bainite phase change, improves mechanical stability of the nano bainite steel at high temperature, and has important popularization value in industrial production.
A preparation method of niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability is characterized in that the chemical components of the nano bainite steel are as follows: 0.25-0.30% of C; 1.2-1.5% of Si; 1.0-1.7% of Mn; 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al; 0.8-1.0% of Mo; 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni; 0.015 to 0.020% of Nb, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. Keeping the temperature of the nano bainite steel at 50-100 ℃ above the complete austenitizing temperature (Ac3) for 0.5-1.0 h; then directly cooling to 5-15 ℃ above the martensite phase transformation starting temperature (Ms) at the speed of 20-50 ℃/s to perform isothermal bainite transformation, wherein the isothermal time is 1.0-2.0 h, and finally air cooling to room temperature;
or keeping the temperature of the nano bainite steel at 50-100 ℃ above the complete austenitizing temperature (Ac3) for 0.5-1.0 h; then rapidly cooling to 5-8 ℃ below the martensite phase transformation starting temperature (Ms) at the speed of 20-50 ℃/s to form a small amount of martensite, and then heating to 5-15 ℃ above the martensite phase transformation starting temperature (Ms) to perform two-step isothermal bainite transformation, wherein the isothermal time is 0.5-1.0 h. And finally, air cooling to room temperature.
The bainite steel containing niobium is 0.25-0.30% of medium carbon micro-alloy steel, compared with high carbon alloy components, the bainite phase transformation temperature of the medium carbon steel is higher, and more bainite ferrite can be obtained; the addition of 1.2-1.5% of Si can inhibit the precipitation of cementite in the isothermal bainite phase transformation process; the hardenability of the medium-carbon bainite steel can be improved by adding 1.0-1.7% of Mn and 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al is added to accelerate bainite phase transformation kinetics; the addition of 0.6 to 1.0% of Ni and 0.8 to 1.0% of Mo reduces the martensite phase transformation initiation temperature, increases the temperature difference with the bainite phase transformation initiation temperature, and promotes the occurrence of bainite phase transformation. Particularly, 0.015-0.020% of Nb is added, on one hand, austenite grains are refined, and the bainite phase transformation incubation period is shortened; on the other hand, the nano bainite steel can form MC type carbide with good thermal stability with carbon atoms in the tempering process, so that the recovery of bainite ferrite laths is inhibited, and the nano bainite steel still has high strength after being tempered at 600 ℃.
Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the niobium-containing nano bainite steel after isothermal phase transformation are that the yield strength Rel is 900-1000 MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1200-1400 MPa, the elongation is 25-33%, and the impact work at room temperature is 20-45J; the mechanical properties of the nano bainite steel after being tempered at 600 ℃ for 1 hour are that the yield strength Rel is 850-950 MPa, the tensile strength is 1100-1300 MPa, the elongation is 25-31%, and the impact energy at room temperature is 15-30J. The difference between the mechanical property of the niobium-containing nano bainite steel after being tempered for 1 hour at 600 ℃ and the mechanical property before being tempered is small.
Due to the adoption of the main alloy components and the technical scheme, compared with the prior art and products, the invention has the following positive effects:
(1) the method adopts two-step isothermal bainite phase change or martensite pre-phase change caused by rapid cooling, and has simple process and easy operation;
(2) according to the invention, 0.015-0.020% of niobium element is added into the nano bainite steel, so that on one hand, austenite grains can be refined, more nucleation points are provided for bainite phase transformation, and the nano bainite phase transformation is accelerated. On the other hand, when the steel is heated, niobium and carbon atoms diffused from residual austenite form dispersed niobium-containing carbide, and the precipitation strengthening caused by the dispersed niobium-containing carbide compensates strength reduction caused by the coarsening of bainite ferrite laths and the reduction of dislocation density to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the niobium-containing carbide with excellent thermal stability can inhibit the recovery of bainite ferrite laths, and the combined action of the niobium-containing carbide and the bainite ferrite laths ensures that the nano bainite steel still has higher strength at high temperature (500-600 ℃).
(3) The nanometer bainite steel heat treatment method provided by the invention aims at the defect of longer preparation period of the existing nanometer bainite steel, and a small amount of martensite is formed before isothermal phase transformation, so that on one hand, the bainite phase transformation incubation period is obviously shortened. On the other hand, carbon atoms dissolved in martensite grains in a solid state diffuse around the martensite grains when heated, so that the thin-film retained austenite maintains a film-like structure, and coarsening and recovery of bainite ferrite laths are suppressed. Improves the thermal stability of the nano bainite steel while accelerating the bainite phase transformation, and has important popularization value in industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a niobium-free nano bainitic steel prepared by the direct isothermal transformation method of example 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a niobium-containing nano bainite steel obtained by the isothermal transformation method of the present invention, in which the austenite is transformed into austenite and then cooled to 5-15 ℃ above the martensite start temperature (Ms) in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the nano bainite steel of FIG. 2 after tempering at 600 ℃ for 1 hour;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure diagram of a niobium-containing nano bainite steel obtained by the isothermal transformation method of the present invention, in which the austenite is austenitized and then cooled to 5-15 ℃ above the martensite start temperature (Ms) in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of the nano bainite steel of FIG. 4 after tempering at 600 ℃ for 1 hour;
FIG. 6 is a microstructure diagram of a niobium-containing nano bainite steel obtained by the method of the present invention, wherein the preparation method comprises completely austenitizing the steel in example 2, cooling the steel to a temperature 5-8 ℃ below the martensite start temperature (Ms) to form a small amount of martensite, and then heating the steel to a temperature 5-15 ℃ above the martensite start temperature (Ms) to perform two-step isothermal transformation;
FIG. 7 is a microstructure diagram of the nano bainite steel shown in FIG. 4 after being tempered at 600 ℃ for 1 hour.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.28 percent of C; 1.50 percent of Si; 1.5 percent of Mn; 1.2 percent of Cr; 1.97 percent of Al; mo is 0.80 percent; 0.62 percent of Ni; nb 0.018%; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The heat treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
and homogenizing the nano bainite steel blank for 24 hours at 1200 ℃ under a vacuum condition to reduce segregation of alloy elements. Cooling to room temperature and collecting
Cylindrical test specimens. The martensite transformation starting temperature of the nano bainite steel is measured to be 330 ℃ by a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine.
The nano bainite steel is austenitized for 0.5h at 980 ℃; then cooled to 330 ℃ at a rate of 20 ℃/s and incubated for 1 h. And finally, air cooling to room temperature.
Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are microstructure diagrams of niobium-free and niobium-containing nano bainitic steels prepared by the same process, respectively. Comparative analysis shows that the addition of 0.018 percent of niobium element not only refines bainite ferrite laths, but also refines blocky retained austenite.
The basic mechanical properties of the nano bainite steel prepared by the embodiment are as follows: the yield strength Rel is 953MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1292MPa, the elongation is 27 percent, and the impact work at room temperature is 35J. High strength and good plasticity and toughness are both considered.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure diagram of niobium-containing nano bainite steel after tempering for 1h at 600 ℃, and the basic mechanical properties are as follows: the yield strength Rel is 935MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1104MPa, the elongation is 21.8 percent, and the impact work at room temperature is 20J.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.29 percent of C; 1.40 percent of Si; 1.50 percent of Mn; 1.30 percent of Cr; 1.6 percent of Al; mo 0.89%; 0.61 percent of Ni; nb 0.019%; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The heat treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
and homogenizing the nano bainite steel blank for 24 hours at 1200 ℃ under a vacuum condition to reduce segregation of alloy elements. Cooling to room temperature and collecting
Cylindrical test specimens. The martensite phase transformation starting temperature of the nano bainite steel is measured to be 332 ℃ by a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine.
The nano bainite steel is austenitized for 0.5h at 1000 ℃; then cooled to 335 ℃ at a rate of 20 ℃/s and incubated for 1 h. And finally, air cooling to room temperature.
Fig. 4 is a microstructure of the nano bainite steel prepared in this example, and its basic mechanical properties are: the yield strength Rel is 930MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1251MPa, the elongation is 28 percent, and the impact work at room temperature is 30J.
FIG. 5 is a microstructure diagram of niobium-containing nano bainite steel after tempering for 1h at 600 ℃, and the basic mechanical properties are as follows: the yield strength Rel is 859MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1043MPa, the elongation is 25%, and the impact energy at room temperature is 18J.
By combining with the microscopic structure picture analysis, the precipitation strengthening caused by carbide decomposed by the film-shaped residual austenite compensates the strength reduction caused by the coarsening of the bainite ferrite lath, and ensures that the high strength level still exists at high temperature. However, the hard phase carbide easily becomes the origin of micro-cracks in the deformation process, so that the elongation and the impact energy of the niobium-containing nano bainite steel are slightly reduced.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.32 percent of C; 1.40 percent of Si; 1.51 percent of Mn; 1.18 percent of Cr; 1.16 percent of Al; mo is 0.49 percent; 0.003 percent of B; 0.61 percent of Ni; nb 0.019%; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The heat treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
and homogenizing the nano bainite steel blank for 24 hours at 1200 ℃ under a vacuum condition to reduce segregation of alloy elements. Cooling to room temperature and collecting
Cylindrical test specimens. The martensite phase transformation starting temperature of the nano bainite steel is measured to be 328 ℃ by a Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine.
The nano bainite steel is austenitized for 0.5h at 1000 ℃; then rapidly cooling to 323 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/s, and preserving the temperature for 5 s; then preserving the heat for 1h at 340 ℃; and finally, air cooling to room temperature.
FIG. 6 is a microstructure diagram of niobium-containing nano bainite steel prepared by a pre-phase transformation martensite process. The basic mechanical properties are as follows: the yield strength Rel is 967MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1322MPa, the impact energy is 15J, and the elongation is 25%. High strength and good plasticity and toughness are both considered.
FIG. 7 is a microstructure diagram of niobium-containing nano bainite steel prepared by adopting a pre-phase transformation martensite process after being tempered at 600 ℃ for 1 h. The basic mechanical properties are as follows: the yield strength Rel is 930MPa, the tensile strength is 1204MPa, the impact energy is 17J, and the elongation is 30.8%.
The microstructure of the niobium-containing nano bainite steel before and after tempering is analyzed by comprehensive contrast, carbides distributed in a lamellar shape in pre-phase-change martensite after 600 ℃ tempering delay the recovery of the martensite, and simultaneously carbon atoms dissolved in martensite grains are diffused into surrounding residual austenite in the tempering process, so that the residual austenite can still keep a film-shaped appearance at high temperature, and the coarsening and recovery of bainite ferrite laths are inhibited. And the residual austenite far away from the martensite grains is decomposed to form dispersed carbide, so that the strength reduction caused by martensite recovery and bainite ferrite lath coarsening is compensated. The reduction of the distortion degree of the martensite internal lattice is beneficial to the improvement of the toughness of the steel-plastic containing the niobium nano bainite.
The microstructures obtained by the two heat treatment methods described in the present embodiment are bainitic ferrite laths, martensite, thin-film-like residual austenite and bulk residual austenite. The addition of 0.015-0.020% of niobium element can obviously refine austenite grains and increase bainite phase transformation nucleation points, so that carbon atoms are subjected to short-range diffusion from bainite ferrite to adjacent retained austenite in the phase transformation process, and as a result, not only is the retained austenite refined, but also the carbon content in the retained austenite is improved. After high-temperature tempering, niobium element and carbon atoms diffused by residual austenite form niobium-containing carbide, and due to good stability at high temperature, coarsening and recovery of bainite ferrite laths are inhibited, and high thermal stability of the nano bainite steel is guaranteed. In addition, a small amount of previously formed martensite is preferentially decomposed after tempering, the thin film morphology of the retained austenite is maintained, coarsening of the bainitic ferrite lath at high temperature is further suppressed, and the thermal stability of the nano bainitic steel is again improved.
Claims (1)
1. The preparation method of the niobium-containing nano bainite steel with good thermal stability is characterized in that the niobium-containing nano bainite steel comprises the following chemical components: 0.25-0.30% of C; 1.2-1.5% of Si; 1.0-1.7% of Mn; 1.2-1.5% of Cr; 1.5-2.0% of Al; 0.8-1.0% of Mo; 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni; 0.015-0.020% of Nb, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities; the preparation method comprises the steps of preserving heat of nano bainite steel for 0.5-1.0 h at 50-100 ℃ above the complete austenitizing temperature (Ac 3); then rapidly cooling to 5-8 ℃ below the martensite phase transformation starting temperature (Ms) at the speed of 20-50 ℃/s to form a small amount of martensite, then heating to 5-15 ℃ above the martensite phase transformation starting temperature (Ms) to perform two-step isothermal bainite transformation, wherein the isothermal time is 0.5-1.0 h, and finally air cooling to room temperature;
the microstructure of the niobium-containing nano bainite steel is bainite ferrite lath, martensite, film-shaped residual austenite and blocky residual austenite;
the mechanical properties of the niobium-containing nano bainite steel after isothermal phase change are that the yield strength Rel is 900-1000 MPa, the tensile strength Rm is 1200-1400 MPa, the elongation is 25-33%, and the impact work at room temperature is 20-45J; the mechanical properties of the nano bainite steel after being tempered at 600 ℃ for 1 hour are that the yield strength Rel is 850-950 MPa, the tensile strength is 1100-1300 MPa, the elongation is 25-31%, and the impact energy at room temperature is 15-30J.
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| CN115058558A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-16 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Method for processing bainite hot formed steel |
| CN116732433A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-09-12 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of medium-carbon ultra-fine bainitic steel with good thermal stability |
| CN116855829B (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2024-02-27 | 天津市产品质量监督检测技术研究院检测技术研究中心 | Low-carbon nano bainite steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111286585A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-16 | 紫荆浆体管道工程股份公司 | Super bainite steel and preparation method thereof |
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| US20140102600A1 (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2014-04-17 | Tata Steel Limited | Bainitic Steel of High Strength and High Elongation and Method to Manufacture Said Bainitic Steel |
| CN107354385A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-17 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of automobile using superhigh-strength hot forming steel |
| CN109295389A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-01 | 江西理工大学 | A kind of nanometer bainitic steel of rapid phase transition and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111286585A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-16 | 紫荆浆体管道工程股份公司 | Super bainite steel and preparation method thereof |
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