A kind of ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of ultrahigh-strength steel.Particularly relate to a kind of ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
It is generally acknowledged, tensile strength is more than 1500N/mm
2structural alloy steel be ultrahigh-strength steel.At present, ultrahigh-strength steel rank can be reached by rational alloying and Design of Heat Treatment Process, the requirement of high-level efficiency and high security can be met preferably, ultrahigh-strength steel be mainly used in engineering machinery, Highrise buildings, rail, panzer and other bear the structure unit etc. of larger stress.Chinese scholars has done a lot of useful exploration and exploitation to ultrahigh-strength steel, wherein main using martensite and bainite as main matrix.
Low-alloy super-strength steel, mainly obtain higher intensity and toughness by Quench and temper process, the intensity of steel depends primarily on martensitic solid solution carbon concentration in steel.Carbon content increases, and the intensity of steel raises, and plasticity reduction corresponding to toughness.Therefore, under the principle ensureing sufficient intensity, reduce carbon content in steel as far as possible.General carbon content 0.30 ~ 0.45%, steel interalloy element total amount about about 5%, although this kind of steel has higher-strength, resistance to corrosion and fracture toughness property poor, and not containing residual austenite, plasticity is also subject to a definite limitation.As the patented technology of " ultrahigh-strength low-alloy steel " (CN1390972), " hot-rolled low-alloy high-strength steel plate and preparation method thereof " (CN1076223) and a kind of low-alloy super-strength and thermal treatment process (CN101078088) thereof.
Maraging steel, mainly with martensitic matrix setup action strengthening phase, after Wetted constructures, between precipitating metal, the mode of compound is strengthened, and intensity can reach more than 1500MPa, but this kind of smelting steel requires comparatively harsh, and alloying element is all very high, complex process, cost is higher.As the patented technology of " maraging steel and manufacture method thereof " (CN1040626), " a kind of without cobalt high-strength and high ductility maraging steel working method " (CN1626686) and " maraging steel article and preparation method " (CN101258259).
Secondery-hardening Ultrahigh Strength Steel, the process characteristic of this steel is tempering within the scope of 480-550 DEG C, and produce precipitation strength effect by separating out alloy carbide, intensity and hardness are significantly improved, and toughness is also improved simultaneously.But wherein the alloying element such as noble metal Ni, Co containing very high, make production cost very expensive.As the patented technology of " a kind of composite reinforced high-ductility ultrahigh-strength secondary hardening steel " (CN101403076), " a kind of containing the high strength and high toughness secondary hardened stainless steel of W " (CN102031459) and " high strength and high toughness secondary hardened steel " (CN1213706).
Q-P-T steel, the people such as Zhong Ning, Xu Zuyao of Chinese Shanghai university of communications propose the thermal treatment process of quenching-carbon distribution-tempering, steel billet is quenched into martensite and starts between finishing temperature after austenitizing, obtains a certain amount of martensite and residual austenite, then carries out carbon allocation process.Utilize the distribution principle of carbon atom from martensite to residual austenite, the rich carbon of retained austenite can be made.When carrying out tempering after carbon distributes, or in carbon distribution process, can the complicated carbide of diffusion-precipitation, play precipitation strength effect.Due to the precipitation strength effect of martensite and carbide, there is the intensity of superelevation, such as the patented technology of " multi cycle quenching-carbon distribution-tempering process " (CN102337085), " adopting carbon to distribute the method improving steel object surface hardness " (200610029690) and " adopting carbon distribution and tempering to improve the heat treating method of quenched steel component mechanical property " (200710045886).But the volume fraction of its retained austenite obtained is less than 10%, limited to the raising of toughness and plasticity.
Superstrength low temperature bainitic steel, the super bainitic steel put forward by the people such as F.G.Caballero, H.K.D.B.Bhadeshia of univ cambridge uk, by high-carbon, high silicon steel the temperature isothermal quenching of 200 ~ 300 DEG C, carry out reaching a few hours by several days, the insulation even do not waited for 10 days, with the retained austenitic film of rich carbon between the bainite ferrite lath of nanostructure and lath.There is superpower tensile strength, excellent unit elongation.As the patented technology of " bainitic steel " (US6884306), " a kind of ultra-high strength bainite armour steel and manufacture method thereof " (CN200910063579) and " bainitic steel and manufacture method thereof " (CN200980130378).This carbides-free low temperature bainitic steel is different with lower bainite microstructure from traditional upper bainite, not containing carbide.But in these bainitic steels, in order to ensure to carry out bainite isothermal reaction in lower temperature (200 ~ 300 DEG C), usually need to add high-carbon content to end and martensite start temperature to reduce bainite, and high carbon content often has very adverse influence to toughness, and the production cycle is also relatively long.
As can be seen from above-mentioned analysis: the slightly inadequate plasticity of existing ultra-high strength high-ductility steel tensile strength and toughness are not enough or alloying element is higher causes high expensive.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome prior art defect, and object is to provide a kind of high rigidity, high strength, high tenacity, volume stability is good and microtexture is fine and closely woven ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel and preparation method thereof.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: by molten iron or by steel scrap or by molten iron and steel scrap after steel-making and refining, carry out die casting or continuous casting, hot rolling.First by the steel billet of hot rolling austenitizing 0.2 ~ 5.0 hour under 850 ~ 1100 DEG C of conditions, then carry out the isothermal transformation of bayesian multistep, obtain ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel.
Described multistep isothermal transformation is two step isothermal transformation: the first step is incubated 0.2 ~ 3.0 hour under 250 ~ 450 DEG C of conditions in isothermal medium, and second step is incubated 2 ~ 50 hours under 220 ~ 350 DEG C of conditions in isothermal medium.
Described multistep isothermal transformation or be three step isothermal transformation: the first step is incubated 0.2 ~ 3.0 hour under 250 ~ 450 DEG C of conditions in isothermal medium, second step is incubated 2 ~ 50 hours under 220 ~ 350 DEG C of conditions in isothermal medium, 3rd step is incubated 24 ~ 240 hours under 180 ~ 250 DEG C of conditions in isothermal medium, is cooled to room temperature.
Described multistep isothermal transformation or be four step isothermal transformation: the first step is incubated 0.2 ~ 3.0 hour under 250 ~ 450 DEG C of conditions in isothermal medium, second step is incubated 2 ~ 50 hours under 220 ~ 350 DEG C of conditions in isothermal medium, 3rd step is incubated 24 ~ 240 hours under 180 ~ 250 DEG C of conditions in isothermal medium, 4th step is incubated 50 ~ 360 hours under 150 ~ 220 DEG C of conditions in isothermal medium, is cooled to room temperature.
Isothermal medium is the one in salt bath, inert atmosphere and faint reducing atmosphere.
Chemical composition and the content thereof of described steel billet are: C is 0.20 ~ 0.50wt%, Si be 1.20 ~ 2.00wt%, Mn is 1.00 ~ 5.00wt%, Ni is 1.00 ~ 2.00wt%, Cr is 0.10 ~ 1.50wt%, Cu be 0.30 ~ 2.00wt%, Mo is 0.10 ~ 0.50wt%, Nb is 0.00 ~ 0.1wt%, V is 0.00 ~ 0.1wt%, Ti is 0.00 ~ 0.1wt%, P<0.015wt%, S<0.010wt%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Owing to adopting described technical scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following positively effect:
The she blocky type retained austenite that the present invention is formed in a step isothermal can form more tiny nano level lath of bainite when two steps, three steps, four step isothermals, sheet residual austenite and bainite ferrite increase, average lath thickness reduces, she blocky type retained austenite reduces and refinement greatly, thus prevent the relatively low she blocky type retained austenite of these carbon concentration to change martensite in process of cooling afterwards, and form Cui M/A island firmly.Can realize the super bainite transformation of part of medium carbon steel, while intensity increases, toughness and plasticity also significantly improve.
The super fine organization of prepared by the present invention the is residual austenite of sheet bainite ferrite and Dispersed precipitate.The volume fraction of residual austenite is between 10 ~ 24%, and bainite ferrite is the oversaturated body-centered cubic phase of carbon concentration, has very high dislocation desity, has higher intensity and breaking resistance.Austenite is that toughness Entropy density deviation is between bainite ferrite lath, when being subject to, under External Force Acting, viscous deformation occurs, absorb and consumed energy, delay the expansion of crackle, extremely beneficial to the toughness improving sheet material, induced plasticity effect (TRIP effect) can be undergone phase transition when stress is larger, further increase the toughness of steel.
The bainitic steel that the present invention is prepared relative to single stage method by bainitic steel prepared by multistep isothermal transformation technique, she blocky type retained austenite obviously reduces and refinement, ferrite bainite and sheet residual austenite increase, and average bainite ferrite lath thickness is more tiny.Due to the refinement of this massive texture and reduction, toughness and dimensional stability increase, and the reduction of average lath thickness can increase the intensity of steel further.Thus obtain that tensile strength is 1500 ~ 2000MPa, hardness is 450 ~ 600HV, unit elongation be 12 ~ 25% and impelling strength be 45 ~ 60J/cm
2ultra-high strength bainite.
Therefore, bainitic steel prepared by the present invention has high rigidity, high strength, high tenacity, volume stability is good and microtexture is fine and closely woven feature, can meet the requirement of precision bearing, precision gear and heavy equipment steel preferably.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of bainitic steel prepared by a kind of two step isothermal transformation techniques in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of bainitic steel prepared by a kind of three step isothermal transformation techniques in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of bainitic steel prepared by a kind of four step isothermal transformation techniques in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the high power scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of bainitic steel shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the high power scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of bainitic steel shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 is the high power scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of bainitic steel shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described, not limiting the scope of the invention.
For avoiding repetition, first by the chemical composition of steel billet described in this embodiment and content Unify legislation as follows, repeat no more in embodiment: C is 0.20 ~ 0.50wt%, Si is 1.20 ~ 2.00wt%, Mn is 1.00 ~ 5.00wt%, Ni is 1.00 ~ 2.00wt%, Cr is 0.10 ~ 1.50wt%, Cu be 0.30 ~ 2.00wt%, Mo is 0.10 ~ 0.50wt%, Nb is 0.00 ~ 0.1wt%, V is 0.00 ~ 0.1wt%, Ti is 0.00 ~ 0.1wt%, P<0.015wt%, S<0.010wt%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
embodiment 1
A kind of ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel and preparation method thereof.By molten iron after steel-making and refining, carry out die casting or continuous casting, hot rolling.First by the steel billet of hot rolling austenitizing 0.5 ~ 5.0 hour under 850 ~ 1000 DEG C of conditions, then carry out the isothermal transformation of bayesian multistep, obtain ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel.
The isothermal transformation of described bainite multistep is two step isothermal transformation: the first step is incubated 0.2 ~ 1.0 hour under 350 ~ 450 DEG C of salt bath conditions, and second step is incubated 2 ~ 30 hours under 250 ~ 350 DEG C of salt bath conditions.
Ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel prepared by the present embodiment: tensile strength is 1500 ~ 1800MPa; Hardness is 450 ~ 550HV; Unit elongation is 15 ~ 25%; Impelling strength is 45 ~ 60J/cm
2.
embodiment 2
A kind of ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel and preparation method thereof.Just steel scrap is after steel-making and refining, carries out die casting or continuous casting, hot rolling.First by the steel billet of hot rolling austenitizing 0.2 ~ 4.0 hour under 950 ~ 1100 DEG C of conditions, then carry out the isothermal transformation of bayesian multistep, obtain ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel.
The isothermal transformation of described bainite multistep is two step isothermal transformation: the first step is incubated 1.0 ~ 3.0 hours under 250 ~ 350 DEG C of conditions in inert atmosphere, and second step is incubated 10 ~ 50 hours under 220 ~ 300 DEG C of conditions in inert atmosphere.
Ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel prepared by the present embodiment: tensile strength is 1500 ~ 1800MPa; Hardness is 450 ~ 550HV; Unit elongation is 15 ~ 25%; Impelling strength is 45 ~ 55J/cm
2.
embodiment 3
A kind of ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel and preparation method thereof.By steel scrap after steel-making and refining, carry out die casting or continuous casting, hot rolling.First by the steel billet of hot rolling austenitizing 0.5 ~ 5.0 hour under 850 ~ 1000 DEG C of conditions, then carry out the isothermal transformation of bayesian multistep, obtain ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel.
The isothermal transformation of described bainite multistep is three step isothermal transformation: the first step is incubated 0.2 ~ 1.0 hour under 350 ~ 450 DEG C of salt bath conditions, second step is incubated 2 ~ 30 hours under 250 ~ 350 DEG C of salt bath conditions, 3rd step is incubated 24 ~ 120 hours under 220 ~ 250 DEG C of conditions in inert atmosphere, is cooled to room temperature.
Ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel prepared by the present embodiment: tensile strength is 1600 ~ 2000MPa; Hardness is 480 ~ 600HV; Unit elongation is 12 ~ 22%; Impelling strength is 45 ~ 60J/cm
2.
embodiment 4
A kind of ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel and preparation method thereof.By molten iron and steel scrap after steel-making and refining, carry out die casting or continuous casting, hot rolling.First by the steel billet of hot rolling austenitizing 0.2 ~ 4.0 hour under 950 ~ 1100 DEG C of conditions, then carry out the isothermal transformation of bayesian multistep, obtain ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel.
The isothermal transformation of described bainite multistep is three step isothermal transformation: the first step is incubated 1.0 ~ 3.0 hours under 250 ~ 350 DEG C of conditions in faint reducing atmosphere, second step is incubated 10 ~ 50 hours under 220 ~ 300 DEG C of conditions in faint reducing atmosphere, 3rd step is incubated 48 ~ 240 hours in faint reducing atmosphere under 180 ~ 220 DEG C of conditions, is cooled to room temperature.
Ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel prepared by the present embodiment: tensile strength is 1600 ~ 2000MPa; Hardness is 480 ~ 600HV; Unit elongation is 12 ~ 22%; Impelling strength is 45 ~ 58J/cm
2.
embodiment 5
A kind of ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel and preparation method thereof.By molten iron and steel scrap after steel-making and refining, carry out die casting or continuous casting, hot rolling.First by the steel billet of hot rolling austenitizing 0.5 ~ 5.0 hour under 850 ~ 1000 DEG C of conditions, then carry out the isothermal transformation of bayesian multistep, obtain ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel.
The isothermal transformation of described bainite multistep is four step isothermal transformation: the first step is incubated 0.2 ~ 1.0 hour under 350 ~ 450 DEG C of salt bath conditions, second step under 250 ~ 350 DEG C of salt bath conditions in insulation 2 ~ 30 hours, 3rd step is incubated 24 ~ 120 hours under 220 ~ 250 DEG C of conditions in faint reducing atmosphere, 4th step is incubated 50 ~ 240 hours under 180 ~ 220 DEG C of conditions in faint reducing atmosphere, is cooled to room temperature.
Ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel prepared by the present embodiment: tensile strength is 1600 ~ 1900MPa; Hardness is 450 ~ 580HV; Unit elongation is 15 ~ 25%; Impelling strength is 48 ~ 60J/cm
2.
embodiment 6
A kind of ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel and preparation method thereof.By molten iron after steel-making and refining, carry out die casting or continuous casting, hot rolling.First by the steel billet of hot rolling austenitizing 0.2 ~ 4.0 hour under 950 ~ 1100 DEG C of conditions, then carry out the isothermal transformation of bayesian multistep, obtain ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel.
Described bainite multistep isothermal transformation or be four step isothermal transformation: the first step is incubated 1.0 ~ 3.0 hours under 250 ~ 350 DEG C of salt bath conditions, second step is incubated 10 ~ 50 hours under 220 ~ 300 DEG C of salt bath conditions, 3rd step is incubated 48 ~ 240 hours under 180 ~ 220 DEG C of conditions in nitrogen atmosphere, 4th step is incubated 100 ~ 360 hours under 150 ~ 180 DEG C of conditions in nitrogen atmosphere, is cooled to room temperature.
Ultrahigh-intensity high-toughness multistep Isothermal Bainite steel prepared by the present embodiment: tensile strength is 1600 ~ 1900MPa; Hardness is 450 ~ 580HV; Unit elongation is 15 ~ 25%; Impelling strength is 48 ~ 60J/cm
2.
This embodiment compared with prior art has following positively effect:
The she blocky type retained austenite that this embodiment is formed in a step isothermal can form more tiny nano level lath of bainite when two steps, three steps, four step isothermals, as shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of a kind of bainitic steel in embodiment 2, Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of a kind of bainitic steel in embodiment 4, Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of a kind of bainitic steel in embodiment 6, can find out, she blocky type retained austenite reduces and refinement greatly.Shown in Fig. 4 ~ Fig. 6, Fig. 4 is the high power scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of bainitic steel shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is the high power scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of bainitic steel shown in Fig. 2, and Fig. 6 is the high power scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of bainitic steel shown in Fig. 3.Can find out, sheet residual austenite and bainite ferrite increase, and average lath thickness reduces.Thus prevent the relatively low she blocky type retained austenite of these carbon concentration to change martensite in process of cooling afterwards, and form Cui M/A island firmly.Can realize the super bainite transformation of part of medium carbon steel, while intensity increases, toughness and plasticity also significantly improve.
The super fine organization of prepared by this embodiment the is residual austenite of sheet bainite ferrite and Dispersed precipitate.The volume fraction of residual austenite is between 10 ~ 24%, and bainite ferrite is the oversaturated body-centered cubic phase of carbon concentration, has very high dislocation desity, has higher intensity and breaking resistance.Austenite is that toughness Entropy density deviation is between bainite ferrite lath, when being subject to, under External Force Acting, viscous deformation occurs, absorb and consumed energy, delay the expansion of crackle, extremely beneficial to the toughness improving sheet material, induced plasticity effect (TRIP effect) can be undergone phase transition when stress is larger, further increase the toughness of steel.
The bainitic steel that the bainitic steel that this embodiment is prepared by multistep isothermal transformation technique is prepared relative to single stage method, she blocky type retained austenite obviously reduces and refinement, ferrite bainite and sheet residual austenite increase, and average bainite ferrite lath thickness is more tiny.Due to the refinement of this massive texture and reduction, toughness and dimensional stability increase, and the reduction of average lath thickness can increase the intensity of steel further.Thus obtain that tensile strength is 1500 ~ 2000MPa, hardness is 450 ~ 600HV, unit elongation be 12 ~ 25% and impelling strength be 45 ~ 60J/cm
2ultra-high strength bainite.
Therefore, bainitic steel prepared by this embodiment has high rigidity, high strength, high tenacity, volume stability is good and microtexture is fine and closely woven feature, can meet the requirement of precision bearing, precision gear and heavy equipment steel preferably.