CN112974777A - Liquid metal heating directional solidification device and casting method - Google Patents
Liquid metal heating directional solidification device and casting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112974777A CN112974777A CN202110067625.XA CN202110067625A CN112974777A CN 112974777 A CN112974777 A CN 112974777A CN 202110067625 A CN202110067625 A CN 202110067625A CN 112974777 A CN112974777 A CN 112974777A
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- liquid metal
- directional solidification
- formwork
- hot chamber
- chamber
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical group [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009416 shuttering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 208000003351 Melanosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
A liquid metal heating directional solidification device comprises a cold chamber, a hot chamber, a lifting device and a mould shell, wherein the upper part of the mould shell is open, a chilling plate is arranged at the open, and the cold chamber is arranged above the hot chamber; the hot chamber is a liquid metal molten pool; a heat insulation layer is arranged between the hot chamber and the cold chamber; the mould shell penetrates through the heat insulation layer and is arranged in the hot chamber; a plurality of nozzles for spraying cooling media are arranged in the cold chamber, and the nozzles are arranged around the formwork; the lifting device is arranged above the chilling disc. While the freckle defect which is commonly existed in the high-temperature alloy oriented and single crystal casting is eliminated, the heat exchange efficiency and the temperature gradient are greatly improved because the radiation mode in the traditional process is replaced by the conduction and convection mode for heating and cooling, and good conditions are created for producing the oriented and single crystal casting with high quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an investment precision casting technology, in particular to a liquid metal heating directional solidification device and a casting method.
Background
The existing directional solidification equipment and process of the high-temperature alloy have two obvious defects, namely, the heating of the formwork in a heating chamber and the heat dissipation of the formwork in a cooling chamber are carried out in a radiation mode, the efficiency is very low, the temperature gradient is small, the cast structure is thick and the like. Secondly, the mould shell is drawn downwards, and the casting is directionally solidified upwards, which is opposite to the gravity direction, so that freckle defects are generated. Instead of radiation, Liquid Metal cooling, i.e. the LMC method (Liquid Metal koling), has been used to cool the mould shell in the cold chamber, but the mould shell is still heated in the hot chamber by radiation. In addition, the solidification direction is still upward against the gravity, so the freckle problem still exists. The inventor has invented a formwork lifting type directional solidification equipment and casting method (CN202010736374.5), the solidification direction is consistent with the gravity direction, so that the freckle problem is basically solved. However, the heating and heat dissipation means are still inefficient radiative heat transfer, resulting in low temperature gradients and low cooling rates. The application is further improved on the basis, and the conduction and convection mode is added for heating and cooling, so that the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid metal heating directional solidification device and a casting method, which solve the problem that the heating and heat dissipation mode is low-efficiency radiation heat exchange, and improve the temperature gradient and the cooling rate.
Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides a liquid metal heating directional solidification device which comprises a cold chamber, a hot chamber, a lifting device and a formwork, wherein the upper part of the formwork is open, a chilling plate is arranged at the open, and the cold chamber is arranged above the hot chamber; the hot chamber is a liquid metal molten pool; a heat insulation layer is arranged between the hot chamber and the cold chamber; the mould shell penetrates through the heat insulation layer and is arranged in the hot chamber; and a plurality of nozzles for spraying cooling media are arranged in the cold chamber and surround the formwork.
Preferably, the lifting device is arranged above the chilling disc.
Preferably, the hot chamber comprises a crucible and liquid metal arranged in the crucible, and the liquid metal is Al alloy.
Preferably, the heat insulation layer is a flexible heat insulation material, and the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 5-30 mm; the heat insulation layer material can be hollow ceramic balls with the diameter of 1-5 mm, and can also be liquid covering slag.
Preferably, the cooling medium is argon.
Preferably, the chilling plate is of a water-cooling copper plate structure.
Preferably, a crystal selector is arranged below the chilling disc, so that the polycrystalline directional solidification is changed into the single crystal directional solidification.
Preferably, the pouring channel of the formwork is a straight pouring channel, the straight pouring channel is arranged on one side of the formwork and communicated with the cavity of the formwork at the bottom, and the periphery of the straight pouring channel is wrapped by a heat insulation material.
The invention also provides a directional solidification casting method based on the liquid metal heating directional solidification device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: heating the hot chamber to a preset temperature to form a liquid metal molten pool in the hot chamber, and arranging a heat insulation layer on the liquid metal molten pool;
s2: lowering the formwork connected to the chilling plate into the liquid metal molten pool through a lifting device, adjusting the temperature of the liquid metal molten pool, and preheating the formwork to a set temperature to enable the internal and external temperatures of the formwork to be uniform;
s3: pouring the high-temperature alloy melt into the mould shell through a pouring channel of the mould shell, so that the high-temperature alloy melt in the mould shell rises to be contacted with a chilling disc to form a chilling layer;
s4: the shuttering is lifted at a set speed by a lifting device, passes through the heat insulation layer and is lifted into the cold room; preferably, the set speed is 1-6 mm/min.
S5: the cooling medium is sprayed to the surface of the raised formwork through the nozzle while the formwork is lifted, and the formwork and the high-temperature alloy in the formwork are forcibly cooled; the high-temperature alloy liquid in the mould shell realizes the directional solidification from top to bottom along the gravity.
Preferably, the predetermined temperature in the step S1 is 700 ℃ to 1500 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature is set to 1500 ℃ or higher in step S2.
Preferably, in the step S3, the pouring channel of the mold shell is a sprue, the sprue is disposed on one side of the mold shell and is communicated with the bottom of the mold shell, the high-temperature alloy melt enters the mold shell from the bottom of the mold shell during pouring, and the periphery of the sprue is wrapped by a heat insulating material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the hot chamber is a liquid metal molten pool, a cooling mode adopts a nozzle to spray a cooling medium to the surface of the raised formwork, and the high-temperature alloy in the formwork and the formwork is forcibly cooled, so that the high-temperature alloy liquid in the formwork is directionally solidified along the gravity from top to bottom. While the freckle defect which is commonly existed in the high-temperature alloy oriented and single crystal casting is eliminated, the heat exchange efficiency and the temperature gradient are greatly improved because the radiation mode in the traditional process is replaced by the conduction and convection mode for heating and cooling, and good conditions are created for producing the oriented and single crystal casting with high quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus and process of the present invention, in which a chill layer 10 is formed on the upper surface of a mold shell 11 just after casting a high temperature alloy melt.
FIG. 2 shows the process of gravity solidification of molten metal from top to bottom as the mold shell is raised from the hot chamber 13 to the cold chamber 14, where 15 represents the mold shell raising direction, 16 represents the solidified portion of the casting, 17 represents the solidification interface in the casting, and 18 represents the solidification direction in the casting.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a liquid metal heating directional solidification device, which includes a cold chamber 14, a hot chamber 13, a lifting device 7 and a mold shell 11, wherein an upper portion of the mold shell 11 is open, a chilling plate 8 is disposed at the open for sealing, the cold chamber 14 is disposed above the hot chamber 13, and the lifting device 7 is disposed above the chilling plate 8. An insulating layer 2 is arranged between the hot chamber 13 and the cold chamber 14, and the formwork 11 is arranged in the hot chamber 13 through the insulating layer 2.
A plurality of nozzles 9 for spraying cooling medium are arranged in the cold chamber 14, the nozzles 9 are arranged around the formwork 11, and the cooling medium is argon. When the mould shell 11 is lifted, the argon is sprayed to the mould shell 11 through the nozzle 9 for cooling, so that the heat dissipation efficiency is greatly improved, the solidification interface 17 is lower than the heat insulation layer 2, and the temperature gradient is greatly improved.
In this embodiment, the hot chamber 13 is a molten liquid metal bath, the hot chamber 13 includes a crucible 6 and the liquid metal 5 therein, and the liquid metal material is Al alloy.
In this embodiment, the heat insulating layer 2 is a flexible heat insulating material, the thickness of the heat insulating layer 2 is set to be 5 to 30mm, the material may be a hollow ceramic ball, and the diameter is 1 to 5 mm. In addition, the heat insulation layer 2 can also adopt liquid covering slag.
In this embodiment, the chilling plate 8 is a water-cooling copper plate structure and is covered on an opening at the upper end of the formwork 11.
In this embodiment, the pouring gate of the formwork 11 is a sprue 3, a pouring cup 1 is arranged at the upper part of the sprue, the sprue 3 is arranged at one side of the formwork 11, the bottom of the sprue is communicated with a cavity of the formwork 11, and the periphery of the sprue 3 is wrapped with a heat insulating material 4. The heat insulating material 4 can adopt ceramic wool or carbon felt. In addition, the high-temperature alloy molten liquid in the sprue 3 continuously performs feeding on solidification shrinkage in the casting in the solidification process, shrinkage porosity is prevented, in addition, heat dissipation and solidification are slow due to the fact that the high-temperature alloy molten liquid is wrapped by the heat insulation material 4, the liquid level is higher than the liquid level in the cavity until the whole formwork 11 penetrates through the heat insulation layer 2 and rises into the cold chamber 14, all the molten metal in the formwork 11 is solidified, and finally the directional solidification casting without freckle defects is obtained.
In addition, a crystal selector (not shown) may be provided in this embodiment below the chill plate 8 so that the polycrystalline directional solidification becomes monocrystalline directional solidification.
In this embodiment, the hot chamber 13 is a liquid metal bath, and the cooling mode employs the nozzle 9 to spray a cooling medium to the surface of the raised mold shell 11, and forcibly cools the mold shell 11 and the high-temperature alloy therein, so that the high-temperature alloy liquid in the mold shell 11 is directionally solidified from top to bottom along the gravity. While eliminating the freckle defect commonly existing in the high-temperature alloy orientation and single crystal casting, the heat exchange efficiency and the temperature gradient are greatly improved because the radiation mode in the traditional process is replaced by the conduction and convection mode for heating and cooling,
example two
The invention also provides a directional solidification casting method of the liquid metal heating directional solidification device based on the embodiment, and with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: filling Al alloy material in a crucible 6 of a hot chamber 13, heating the crucible to melt the Al alloy material by an induction or resistance heater to form liquid metal 5, supplementing the Al alloy material to enable the upper surface of the liquid metal 5 to be close to the upper edge of the crucible 6, wherein the distance is 10-50 mm, forming a liquid metal molten pool, and keeping the temperature at 700-1500 ℃; the liquid metal molten pool is provided with a heat insulation layer 2, the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 5 to 30mm, the heat insulation layer 2 can be made of hollow ceramic balls with the diameter of 1 to 5mm, or liquid casting powder is adopted.
S2: the mould shell 11 connected with the chilling plate 8 is lowered into the liquid metal molten pool through the lifting device 7 until the lower surface of the chilling plate 8 is close to the upper plane of the heat insulation layer 2, at the moment, the upper surface of the heat insulation layer 2 is close to the upper edge of the crucible 6, the temperature of the liquid metal molten pool is adjusted to preheat the mould shell to a set temperature, and the inner temperature and the outer temperature of the mould shell are uniform.
S3: pouring the high-temperature alloy melt into the mould shell 11 through a pouring channel of the mould shell, so that the high-temperature alloy melt in the mould shell 11 rises to be contacted with the chilling plate 8 to form a chilling layer 10;
s4: the shuttering 11 is lifted at a set speed (1-6mm/min) by means of the lifting device 7, through the insulating layer 2 and into the cold room 14.
S5: lifting the formwork 11, spraying a cooling medium to the surface of the lifted formwork 11 through the nozzle 9, and forcibly cooling the formwork 11 and the high-temperature alloy in the formwork; the high-temperature alloy liquid in the mould shell 11 realizes the directional solidification from top to bottom along the gravity. By means of conduction and convection, heat exchange efficiency and temperature gradient are greatly improved.
In this embodiment, the temperature is set to 1500 to 1550 ℃ in step S2.
In this embodiment, in the step S3, the runner of the mold shell 11 is a sprue 3, the sprue 3 is disposed on one side of the mold shell 11 and is communicated with the bottom of the mold shell 11, the high-temperature alloy melt enters the mold shell 11 from the bottom of the mold shell 11 during casting, and the sprue 3 is wrapped by the thermal insulation material 4.
The above examples are intended only to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art should also realize that they fall within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A liquid metal heating directional solidification device comprises a cold chamber, a hot chamber, a lifting device and a mould shell, wherein the upper part of the mould shell is open, a chilling plate is arranged at the open, the cold chamber is arranged above the hot chamber,
the hot chamber is a liquid metal molten pool;
a heat insulation layer is arranged between the hot chamber and the cold chamber; the mould shell penetrates through the heat insulation layer and is arranged in the hot chamber;
and a plurality of nozzles for spraying cooling media are arranged in the cold chamber and surround the formwork.
2. The apparatus for heated directional solidification of liquid metal of claim 1, wherein the hot chamber includes a crucible and the liquid metal is disposed in the crucible, and the liquid metal is an Al alloy.
3. The liquid metal heating directional solidification device of claim 1, wherein the heat insulating layer is a flexible heat insulating material, and the flexible heat insulating material is a hollow ceramic ball or liquid mold flux.
4. A liquid metal heating directional solidification apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cooling medium is argon gas.
5. A liquid metal heating directional solidification apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a crystal selector is provided below the chill plate.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gate of the mold shell is a sprue, and the sprue is disposed at one side of the mold shell and is connected to the cavity of the mold shell at the bottom.
7. A method of directional solidification casting based on the apparatus for heating directional solidification of liquid metal as set forth in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: heating the hot chamber to a preset temperature to form a liquid metal molten pool in the hot chamber, and arranging a heat insulation layer on the liquid metal molten pool;
s2: lowering the formwork connected to the chilling plate into the liquid metal molten pool through a lifting device, adjusting the temperature of the liquid metal molten pool, and preheating the formwork to a set temperature to enable the internal and external temperatures of the formwork to be uniform;
s3: pouring the high-temperature alloy melt into the mould shell through a pouring channel of the mould shell, so that the high-temperature alloy melt in the mould shell rises to be contacted with a chilling disc to form a chilling layer;
s4: the shuttering is lifted at a set speed by a lifting device, passes through the heat insulation layer and is lifted into the cold room;
s5: the cooling medium is sprayed to the surface of the raised formwork through the nozzle while the formwork is lifted, and the formwork and the high-temperature alloy in the formwork are forcibly cooled; the high-temperature alloy liquid in the mould shell realizes the directional solidification from top to bottom along the gravity.
8. The directional solidification casting method according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined temperature in the step S1 is 700 ℃ to 1500 ℃.
9. The directional solidification casting method according to claim 7, wherein the temperature is set to 1500 ℃ or higher in step S2.
10. The directional solidification casting method according to claim 7, wherein in step S3, the pouring channel of the mold shell is a sprue, the sprue is arranged on one side of the mold shell and is communicated with the bottom of the mold shell, the high-temperature alloy melt enters the mold shell from the bottom of the mold shell during pouring, and the sprue is wrapped with a thermal insulation material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110067625.XA CN112974777A (en) | 2021-01-19 | 2021-01-19 | Liquid metal heating directional solidification device and casting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110067625.XA CN112974777A (en) | 2021-01-19 | 2021-01-19 | Liquid metal heating directional solidification device and casting method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112974777A true CN112974777A (en) | 2021-06-18 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110067625.XA Pending CN112974777A (en) | 2021-01-19 | 2021-01-19 | Liquid metal heating directional solidification device and casting method |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1426864A (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-02 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Method and equipment for directional solidification casting |
| EP1531020A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-18 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Method for casting a directionally solidified article |
| CN101016609A (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2007-08-15 | 河北工业大学 | Method and device for heating metal plating liquid bath |
| CN101733395A (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-06-16 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High-temperature gradient directional solidification equipment |
| CN111922322A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-13 | 深圳市万泽中南研究院有限公司 | Directional solidification device and casting method |
-
2021
- 2021-01-19 CN CN202110067625.XA patent/CN112974777A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1426864A (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-02 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Method and equipment for directional solidification casting |
| EP1531020A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-18 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Method for casting a directionally solidified article |
| CN101016609A (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2007-08-15 | 河北工业大学 | Method and device for heating metal plating liquid bath |
| CN101733395A (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-06-16 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High-temperature gradient directional solidification equipment |
| CN111922322A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-13 | 深圳市万泽中南研究院有限公司 | Directional solidification device and casting method |
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Application publication date: 20210618 |
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