CN117531965A - Layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment and method and metal casting blank - Google Patents
Layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment and method and metal casting blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN117531965A CN117531965A CN202311402704.7A CN202311402704A CN117531965A CN 117531965 A CN117531965 A CN 117531965A CN 202311402704 A CN202311402704 A CN 202311402704A CN 117531965 A CN117531965 A CN 117531965A
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 59
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003280 down draw process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/08—Accessories for starting the casting procedure
- B22D11/081—Starter bars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
- B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level
- B22D11/182—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level by measuring temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
- B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a layer-by-layer solidification forming device and method and a metal casting blank, and belongs to the technical field of metal casting. The layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment comprises a stopper rod, a crucible, a heating device, a flow guide pipe, a temperature control device, a temperature measuring device, a casting mold, a heat insulation pad, a sleeve, a primary cooling device, a dummy bar, a secondary cooling device and a traction mechanism. Heating molten metal, starting a secondary cooling device, starting a temperature control device to control the temperature of the casting mold, lifting a stopper rod for casting, casting metal melt to be level with the position of the temperature measuring device, putting down the stopper rod, starting a primary cooling device and a traction mechanism to drive the metal to move towards an outlet of the casting mold, closing the primary cooling device when the upper surface of the metal is level with the position of the temperature measuring device, and repeating the process to obtain the high-quality high-performance metal casting blank. The invention is beneficial to accurately measuring and regulating the temperature of each part of the longitudinal and transverse directions of the solidified metal layer, and the metal casting blank with fine structure, compact structure, uniform component distribution and excellent interlayer bonding quality is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal casting, and particularly relates to layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment and method and a metal casting blank.
Background
The casting is an economical, efficient and flexible metal forming method, and can produce metal casting blanks with various sizes, shapes and materials. The traditional one-time casting, semi-continuous casting or continuous casting methods often have the problems of slow solidification rate of metal melt, uneven solidification rate of metal melt at different positions and the like, so that the solidified metal casting blank has the defects of thick structure, non-compact structure, uneven component distribution, serious macrosegregation and the like.
In order to solve the problems of uneven distribution of components, macrosegregation and the like of the metal casting blank, researchers develop a metal melt layered casting method, and the components of each layer of solidified metal are controlled by adopting a metal melt layered casting mode to inhibit uneven distribution and macrosegregation of metal elements. The existing metal melt layered casting method comprises the following steps: and (3) pouring the metal melt into the cooling casting mold for solidification, and when the temperature of the surface center part of the last poured and solidified metal layer is reduced to be near the solidus temperature of the metal raw material, pouring the next layer, and controlling the uneven distribution and macrosegregation of the components of the finally obtained metal casting blank in each poured and solidified metal layer. Although the existing metal melt layered casting method can improve the uneven component distribution and macrosegregation degree of a metal casting blank to a certain extent, the following problems still exist:
(1) The existing metal melt layered casting method is characterized in that the temperature of the central part of the surface of the previous casting solidification metal layer is reduced to be close to the solidus temperature of a metal raw material, and then the next casting is carried out, so that the interface metallurgical bonding quality of the central part between the previous casting solidification metal layer and the next casting solidification metal layer can be ensured, but the solidification rate of the metal melt is slower, the structure of a metal casting blank is coarse and the structure is not compact, and the interface bonding quality of the edges between all layers is poor or bonding does not occur due to the fact that the temperature difference between the edges and the center of the just-cast solidification metal layer is large, the temperature uniformity is poor and the solidification time of the metal melt is inconsistent, and the distribution of components in the layers is uneven; although the solidification rate of the metal casting blank after solidification can be improved, the structure of the metal casting blank is thinned, the structural density and the component distribution uniformity can be improved by forced cooling of the solidified metal casting blank, the temperature of the metal casting blank layer just cast and solidified can be wholly reduced too fast by rapid cooling of the metal casting blank, the overall temperature of the surface of the metal casting blank is low, the bonding quality of the whole interface between layers is poor, and even the interface is hardly bonded. Therefore, the existing metal melt layered casting method has the problems of small structure, compact structure, uniform component distribution, good interlayer interface metallurgical bonding and the like of the metal casting blank.
(2) The existing metal melt layered casting method performs next layer casting when the temperature of the central part of the surface of the previous casting solidification metal layer is reduced to the vicinity of the solidus temperature of metal raw materials, lacks accurate temperature measurement and regulation means for the temperature of the just casting solidification metal layer, has lower overall temperature of the just casting solidification metal layer, has smaller temperature difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of the longitudinal section and larger temperature difference between the edge and the center of the cross section, so that the interface bonding quality is poor due to the fact that the metallurgical bonding is difficult to realize at the interface between the previous casting solidification metal layer and the next casting solidification metal layer, the problem that the metallurgical bonding cannot be realized due to cold insulation at the edge part, uneven component distribution and the like are caused, and finally the quality and the performance of a metal casting blank are influenced.
Therefore, the development of the novel metal solidification forming equipment and the novel method which have the advantages of fine structure, compact structure, uniform component distribution and excellent interlayer bonding quality of the metal casting blank and the production of the high-quality high-performance metal casting blank has very important significance for the metal casting industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention provides a layer-by-layer solidification forming device and method and a metal casting blank, which can accurately measure and regulate the temperature of each part of the solidification metal layer in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, and obtain the metal casting blank with fine structure, compact structure, uniform component distribution and excellent interlayer bonding quality.
According to a first aspect of the technical scheme of the invention, a layer-by-layer solidification forming device is provided, which comprises a stopper rod, a crucible, a heating device, a flow guide pipe, a temperature control device, a temperature measuring device, a casting mold, a heat insulation pad, a sleeve, a primary cooling device, a dummy bar, a secondary cooling device and a traction mechanism. The crucible is connected with one side of the flow guide pipe and is used for smelting metal raw materials or containing metal melt; the stopper rod is positioned above the crucible and is used for controlling the amount of metal melt which is required to be released in order to obtain the layer thickness of each casting solidification metal layer; the heating device is positioned around the crucible and is used for smelting metal raw materials or preserving heat of metal melt; the other side of the guide pipe is connected with the casting mould and is a channel for the molten metal to flow into the casting mould from the crucible; the casting mould adopts a cooling casting mould or a temperature control casting mould; the temperature control device is positioned around the casting mould and used for controlling the temperature of the casting mould; the temperature measuring device is positioned at the middle lower part of the casting mould and is used for monitoring the temperature of the upper surface area of the solidified metal layer just cast; the primary cooling device is positioned at the outlet of the casting mould and is used for forcedly cooling the metal casting blank or the dummy bar; the sleeve is tightly combined with the inner wall of the primary cooling device to play roles in lubrication and heat conduction; the sleeve is separated from the casting mould by the heat insulation pad; the secondary cooling device is arranged between the primary cooling device and the traction mechanism and used for further cooling the metal casting blank; the dummy bar stretches into the casting mould before casting, the dummy bar head and the temperature measuring device are positioned at the same flush position, and the periphery of the dummy bar head is tightly attached to the inner wall of the casting mould; the other end of the dummy bar is connected with the traction mechanism and is used for controlling the dummy bar to reciprocate so as to realize continuous drawing of the metal casting blank.
Further, the crucible is replaced with a tundish for holding the metal melt.
Further, the guide pipe is omitted, and the crucible is directly connected with the casting mould.
Further, the mold is directly connected to the sleeve.
Further, the temperature control casting mould is at least one of a low-heat casting mould, a heating casting mould, a two-phase zone casting mould, a ladder temperature casting mould or a heat-cold combined casting mould.
Further, the stopper, the crucible, the heating device, the flow guide pipe, the temperature control device, the temperature measuring device, the casting mold and the heat insulation pad are placed in a vacuum environment, and are filled with nitrogen or inert gas.
Further, the layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus is not provided with the heating device, or is not provided with the sleeve, or is not provided with the secondary cooling device.
Further, the layer-by-layer solidification forming device adopts manual control, computer control or intelligent control, adopts at least one of an up-drawing type, a down-drawing type, a horizontal type or an inclined type to carry out semi-continuous casting or continuous casting, or cancels the dummy bar and the traction mechanism to carry out die casting.
Further, the primary cooling device or the secondary cooling device adopts at least one of a conformal cooling mode or a fixed-position cooling mode, and the adopted cooling medium is at least one of circulating water, low-melting-point metal or gas.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a layer-by-layer solidification forming method using the layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus as described above, comprising the steps of:
step one: adjusting the dummy bar head of the dummy bar to be level with the temperature measuring device, blocking a discharge hole of the crucible by adopting the stopper rod, melting a metal raw material into a metal melt in the crucible by using the heating device, and starting the secondary cooling device;
step two: opening the temperature control device, and performing temperature control on the casting mould to control the temperature of the casting mould within the temperature range of the cooling casting mould or the temperature control casting mould;
step three: lifting the stopper rod to perform casting, and when the metal melt is cast to the position of the casting mould, which is flush with the temperature measuring device, putting down the stopper rod, starting the primary cooling device, so that the metal melt in the casting mould starts to solidify;
step four: starting the traction mechanism to drive the metal in the casting mould to move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould, and closing the primary cooling device when the upper surface of the metal in the casting mould is level to the position of the temperature measuring device;
step five: repeating the third step to the fourth step, wherein the metal in the casting mould continuously moves towards the outlet direction of the casting mould under the drive of the traction mechanism, thereby realizing semi-continuous casting or continuous casting and finally obtaining the high-quality high-performance metal casting blank.
According to a third aspect of the technical scheme of the present invention, there is provided a metal cast blank prepared by the layer-by-layer solidification forming method according to any one of the above aspects.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the layer-by-layer solidification forming device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and maintenance, high production efficiency and low manufacturing cost, is used for heating a casting mould by adopting the temperature control device, is beneficial to accurately measuring and regulating the temperature of each part in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the just-cast solidification metal layer by combining with the on-line detection feedback control of the temperature measurement device, ensures that the integral temperature of the upper surface of the just-cast solidification metal layer is higher, the temperature difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of the longitudinal section is larger, the temperature difference between the edge and the center of the cross section is smaller, and is particularly suitable for occasions of up-drawing, down-drawing, horizontal or inclined semi-continuous casting or continuous casting, and can be used for industrialized batch production.
2. The layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment provided by the invention is used for cooling the bottom area of the solidified metal casting blank by adding the secondary cooling device, so that the residual stress generated in the rapid solidification process of the solidified metal casting blank can be reduced, meanwhile, the defects of local overheating, solid phase change control of the metal casting blank, thermal deformation caused by local overheating and the like are effectively avoided, the quality of the metal casting blank is further improved, and the metal casting blank with fine structure, compact structure, uniform component distribution and excellent interlayer bonding quality is obtained.
3. The layer-by-layer solidification forming method combines layer-by-layer casting with primary cooling or secondary cooling, improves the solidification rate of casting metal melt, refines the structure of a metal casting blank, improves the structural density and the component distribution uniformity of the metal casting blank, and can obtain a compact metal casting blank with fine single-layer crystal grains and no segregation.
4. The layer-by-layer solidification forming method can realize the rapid temperature regulation and control of the whole upper surface area of the solidified metal casting blank through the on-line heating and temperature measurement feedback control of the casting mold, and avoid the problems of poor interface bonding quality or non-bonding and uneven distribution of components in a single layer of the edges caused by the large temperature difference between the edges and the center of the solidified metal casting blank, poor temperature uniformity and inconsistent solidification time of the metal melt, and the like, and simultaneously, the heat of the subsequent casting metal melt is utilized to remelt the part with the defects on the upper surface of the solidified metal casting blank, so that the defects are eliminated, and the high-quality and high-performance metal casting blank with fine tissues, compact structure, uniform component distribution and excellent interlayer bonding quality is continuously produced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus of the present invention. Wherein, 1-stopper rod, 2-crucible, 3-heating device, 4-honeycomb duct, 5-temperature control device, 6-temperature measuring device, 7-casting mould, 8-heat insulating pad, 9-sleeve pipe, 10-primary cooling device, 11-dummy bar, 12-secondary cooling device, 13-traction mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, which are necessary to be pointed out herein for further illustration of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations thereof will be to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Aiming at the problems that the whole temperature of the upper surface of a metal layer which is just cast and solidified in the existing metal melt layered casting method is low, the temperature difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of a longitudinal section is small, the temperature difference between the edge and the center of the cross section is large, the temperature of each part of the metal layer which is just cast and solidified can not be accurately measured and controlled, and the like, the metal casting blank which has fine structure, compact structure, uniform component distribution, excellent interface metallurgical bonding quality and the like are difficult to prepare, and the technical scheme of the invention develops a layer-by-layer solidification forming (also called laminated casting) device and method. The device and the method divide the metal state change process of the upper surface of the freshly cast and solidified metal layer into three stages of melting, solidifying and cooling by controlling the temperatures of different areas of a casting blank:
the melting stage is to continuously heat the upper surface area of the solidified metal layer just cast by using a temperature control device, so that the problem of poor interlayer bonding of an edge interface of a solidified metal casting blank is avoided, and meanwhile, the realization of organic seamless liquid mixing of a metal melt to be cast and the upper surface area of the solidified metal layer just cast in the next layer is facilitated, and the defects of poor interlayer bonding quality and the like are overcome;
the solidification stage is to quickly solidify the metal melt through a cooling device to realize the grain refinement of the casting blank and effectively control the uniformity of the structure, thereby obtaining the casting blank with fine and compact structure;
the cooling stage is to cool the bottom area of the solidified metal casting blank by controlling the temperature, so that the residual stress generated in the rapid solidification process of the solidified metal casting blank can be reduced, the heat accumulation of the solidified metal casting blank in the casting process can be effectively eliminated, the solid phase change of the metal casting blank can be controlled, and the defects of thermal deformation and the like caused by local overheating can be avoided.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention firstly provides a layer-by-layer solidification forming device, as shown in fig. 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment comprises a stopper rod 1, a crucible 2, a heating device 3, a flow guide pipe 4, a temperature control device 5, a temperature measuring device 6, a casting mould 7, a heat insulation pad 8, a sleeve 9, a primary cooling device 10, a dummy bar 11, a secondary cooling device 12 and a traction mechanism 13. The crucible 2 is connected with one side of the flow guide pipe 4 and is used for smelting metal raw materials or containing metal melt; the stopper rod 1 is positioned above the crucible 2 and is used for controlling the amount of metal melt to be released in order to obtain the layer thickness of each casting solidification metal layer; the heating device 3 is positioned around the crucible 2 and is used for smelting metal raw materials or preserving heat of metal melt; the other side of the flow guide pipe 4 is connected with the casting mould 7 and is a channel for the molten metal to flow into the casting mould 7 from the crucible 2; the casting mould 7 adopts a cooling casting mould or a temperature control casting mould; the temperature control device 5 is positioned around the casting mould 7 and is used for controlling the temperature of the casting mould 7; the temperature measuring device 6 is positioned at the middle lower part of the casting mould 7 and is used for monitoring the temperature of the upper surface area of the solidified metal layer just cast; the primary cooling device 10 is positioned at the outlet of the casting mould 7, is separated from the casting mould 7 by a heat insulation pad 8 and is used for forcedly cooling a metal casting blank or dummy bar 11; the sleeve 9 is tightly combined with the inner wall of the primary cooling device 10 to play roles of lubrication and heat conduction; the sleeve 9 and the casting mould 7 are separated by a heat insulation pad 8; the secondary cooling device 12 is arranged between the primary cooling device 10 and the traction mechanism 13 and used for further cooling the metal casting blank; the dummy bar 11 stretches into the casting mould 7 before casting begins, the dummy bar head of the dummy bar 11 and the temperature measuring device 6 are positioned at the same level, and the periphery of the dummy bar head is tightly attached to the inner wall of the casting mould 7; the traction mechanism 13 is connected with the dummy bar 11 and is used for controlling the dummy bar 11 to reciprocate so as to realize continuous drawing of the metal casting blank.
Further, the crucible 2 is replaced with a tundish for holding the metal melt.
Further, the draft tube 4 may be omitted and the crucible 2 may be directly connected to the mold 7.
Further, the mold 7 is directly connected to the sleeve 9.
Further, the temperature control casting mould is at least one of a low-heat casting mould, a heating casting mould, a two-phase zone casting mould, a ladder temperature casting mould or a heat-cold combined casting mould.
Further, the stopper 1, the crucible 2, the heating device 3, the flow guide pipe 4, the temperature control device 5, the temperature measuring device 6, the casting mold 7 and the heat insulation pad 8 are placed in a vacuum environment, and the environment is filled with nitrogen or inert gas.
Further, the layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus is not equipped with the heating device 3, or is not equipped with the sleeve 9, or is not equipped with the secondary cooling device 12.
Further, the layer-by-layer solidification forming device adopts manual control, computer control or intelligent control, adopts at least one of an up-drawing type, a down-drawing type, a horizontal type or an inclined type to perform semi-continuous casting or continuous casting, or cancels the dummy bar 11 and the traction mechanism 13 to perform die casting.
Further, the primary cooling device 10 or the secondary cooling device 12 adopts at least one of a conformal cooling mode or a fixed-position cooling mode, and the cooling medium adopted is at least one of circulating water, low-melting point metal or gas.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a layer-by-layer solidification forming method adopting the layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one: adjusting the dummy bar head of the dummy bar 11 to be level with the temperature measuring device 6, blocking the discharge hole of the crucible 2 by adopting the stopper rod 1, melting the metal raw material into metal melt in the crucible 2 by the heating device 3, and starting the secondary cooling device 12;
step two: opening the temperature control device 5, and performing temperature control on the casting mould 7, so as to control the temperature of the casting mould 7 within the temperature range of the cooling casting mould or the temperature control casting mould;
step three: lifting the stopper rod 1 to perform casting, and when the metal melt is cast to the position of the casting mould 7, which is flush with the position of the temperature measuring device 6, lowering the stopper rod 1, starting the primary cooling device 10, so that solidification of the metal melt in the casting mould 7 begins;
step four: starting the traction mechanism 13 to drive the metal in the casting mould 7 to move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould 7, and closing the primary cooling device 10 when the upper surface of the metal in the casting mould 7 is level with the position of the temperature measuring device 6;
step five: repeating the steps three to four, wherein the metal in the casting mould 7 is driven by the traction mechanism 13 to continuously move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould 7, thereby realizing semi-continuous casting or continuous casting, and finally obtaining a high-quality high-performance metal casting blank.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a metal casting blank, which is prepared by adopting the layer-by-layer solidification forming method according to any one of the aspects.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the high-quality high-performance copper alloy casting blank comprises the following specific steps:
step one: the dummy bar head of the dummy bar 11 is adjusted to be level with the temperature measuring device 6, a stopper rod 1 is adopted to block a discharge hole of the crucible 2, copper alloy raw materials are melted into copper alloy melt in the crucible 2 through a heating device 3, and a secondary cooling device 12 is started;
step two: opening a temperature control device 5 to regulate and control the temperature of the casting mould 7, and controlling the temperature of the casting mould 7 to be 800-1300 ℃;
step three: lifting the stopper rod 1 for casting, and when the copper alloy melt is cast to the position of the casting mould 7, which is flush with the position of the temperature measuring device 6, lowering the stopper rod 1, starting the primary cooling device 10, so that the copper alloy melt in the casting mould 7 starts to solidify;
step four: starting a traction mechanism 13 to drive the copper alloy in the casting mould 7 to move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould 7, and closing the primary cooling device 10 when the upper surface of the copper alloy in the casting mould 7 is level to the position of the temperature measuring device 6;
step five: and repeating the steps three to four, wherein the copper alloy in the casting mould 7 is driven by the traction mechanism 13 to continuously move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould 7, so that semi-continuous casting is realized, and finally, the high-quality high-performance copper alloy casting blank with smooth surface, fine structure, uniform component distribution, compact internal structure and excellent interlayer bonding quality is obtained.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the high-quality high-performance aluminum alloy casting blank comprises the following specific steps:
step one: the dummy bar head of the dummy bar 11 is adjusted to be level with the temperature measuring device 6, a stopper rod 1 is adopted to block a discharge hole of the crucible 2, the aluminum alloy raw material is melted into aluminum alloy melt in the crucible 2 through a heating device 3, and a secondary cooling device 12 is started;
step two: opening a temperature control device 5 to regulate and control the temperature of the casting mould 7, and controlling the temperature of the casting mould 7 to be 400-800 ℃;
step three: lifting the stopper rod 1 for casting, and when the aluminum alloy melt is cast in the casting mould 7 and is level to the position of the temperature measuring device 6, lowering the stopper rod 1, starting the primary cooling device 10, so that the aluminum alloy melt in the casting mould 7 starts to solidify;
step four: starting a traction mechanism 13 to drive the aluminum alloy in the casting mould 7 to move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould 7, and closing the primary cooling device 10 when the upper surface of the aluminum alloy in the casting mould 7 is level to the position of the temperature measuring device 6;
step five: and repeating the steps three to four, wherein the aluminum alloy in the casting mould 7 is driven by the traction mechanism 13 to continuously move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould 7, so that continuous casting is realized, and finally, the high-quality high-performance aluminum alloy casting blank with smooth surface, fine structure, uniform component distribution, compact internal structure and excellent interlayer bonding quality is obtained.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the high-quality high-performance zinc alloy casting blank comprises the following specific steps:
step one: the dummy bar head of the dummy bar 11 is adjusted to be level with the temperature measuring device 6, a stopper rod 1 is adopted to block the discharge hole of the crucible 2, the zinc alloy raw material is melted into zinc alloy melt in the crucible 2 through the heating device 3, and the secondary cooling device 12 is started;
step two: opening a temperature control device 5 to regulate and control the temperature of the casting mould 7, and controlling the temperature of the casting mould 7 to be 300-500 ℃;
step three: lifting the stopper rod 1 for casting, and when the zinc alloy melt is cast in the casting mould 7 and is level to the position of the temperature measuring device 6, lowering the stopper rod 1, starting the primary cooling device 10, so that the zinc alloy melt in the casting mould 7 starts to solidify;
step four: starting a traction mechanism 13 to drive the zinc alloy in the casting mould 7 to move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould 7, and closing the primary cooling device 10 when the upper surface of the zinc alloy in the casting mould 7 is level to the position of the temperature measuring device 6;
step five: and repeating the steps three to four, wherein the zinc alloy in the casting mould 7 is driven by the traction mechanism 13 to continuously move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould 7, so that continuous casting is realized, and finally, the high-quality high-performance zinc alloy casting blank with smooth surface, fine structure, uniform component distribution, compact internal structure and excellent interlayer bonding quality is obtained.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the above-described embodiments, it is to be understood that the same is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but rather that the same is intended to be illustrative only, and that many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment is characterized by comprising a stopper rod (1), a crucible (2), a heating device (3), a flow guide pipe (4), a temperature control device (5), a temperature measuring device (6), a casting mould (7), a heat insulation pad (8), a sleeve (9), a primary cooling device (10), a dummy bar (11), a secondary cooling device (12) and a traction mechanism (13);
the crucible (2) is connected with one side of the flow guide pipe (4), and the stopper rod (1) is positioned above the crucible (2);
the heating device (3) is positioned around the crucible (2); the other side of the flow guide pipe (4) is connected with a casting mould (7);
the temperature control device (5) is positioned around the casting mould (7), and the temperature measurement device (6) is arranged at the middle lower part of the casting mould (7);
the primary cooling device (10) is positioned at the outlet of the casting mould (7), the sleeve (9) is tightly combined with the inner wall of the primary cooling device (10), and the casting mould (7) is separated from the sleeve (9) through the heat insulation pad (8);
the secondary cooling device (12) is arranged between the primary cooling device (10) and the traction mechanism (13);
the dummy bar (11) stretches into the casting mould (7) before casting, the dummy bar head of the dummy bar (11) and the temperature measuring device (6) are positioned at the same level, and the periphery of the dummy bar head is tightly attached to the inner wall of the casting mould (7); the other end of the dummy bar (11) is connected with a traction mechanism (13).
2. A layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the crucible (2) is replaced by a tundish.
3. A layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow guide tube (4) is omitted and the crucible (2) is directly connected to the mould (7).
4. A layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mould (7) is directly connected to the sleeve (9).
5. A layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mold (7) is a cooling mold or a temperature-controlled mold;
wherein the temperature control casting mould is at least one of a low-heat casting mould, a heating casting mould, a two-phase zone casting mould, a ladder temperature casting mould or a heat-cold combined casting mould.
6. A layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the stopper (1), the crucible (2), the heating device (3), the flow guide (4), the temperature control device (5), the temperature measuring device (6), the casting mold (7) and the heat insulating pad (8) are placed in a vacuum, nitrogen-filled or inert gas-protected environment.
7. A layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that no heating means (3), no sleeve (9), or no secondary cooling means (12) are installed.
8. A layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-continuous casting or continuous casting is performed by at least one of a top-down type, a horizontal type or an inclined type, or the ingot bar (11) and the traction mechanism (13) are eliminated for die casting by manual control, computer control or intelligent control; the primary cooling device (10) or the secondary cooling device (12) adopts at least one of a conformal cooling mode or a fixed-position cooling mode, and the adopted cooling medium is at least one of circulating water, low-melting-point metal or gas.
9. Layer-by-layer solidification forming method using a layer-by-layer solidification forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the layer-by-layer solidification forming method comprises the steps of:
step one: the dummy bar head of the dummy bar (11) is adjusted to be level with the temperature measuring device (6), a stopper rod (1) is adopted to block a discharge hole of the crucible (3), a heating device (4) is used for melting metal raw materials into metal melt in the crucible (3), and a secondary cooling device (12) is started;
step two: opening a temperature control device (5) to regulate and control the temperature of the casting mould (7), and controlling the temperature of the casting mould (7) within the temperature range of the cooling casting mould or the temperature control casting mould;
step three: lifting the stopper rod (1) to perform casting, and when the metal melt is cast to the position of the casting mould (7) which is flush with the position of the temperature measuring device (6), putting down the stopper rod (1), and starting the primary cooling device (10) to solidify the metal melt in the casting mould (7);
step four: starting a traction mechanism (13) to drive metal in the casting mould (7) to move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould (7), and closing the primary cooling device (10) when the upper surface of the metal in the casting mould (7) is level to the position of the temperature measuring device (6);
step five: and repeating the steps three to four, wherein the metal in the casting mould (7) is driven by the traction mechanism (13) to continuously move towards the outlet direction of the casting mould (7), so that semi-continuous casting or continuous casting is realized, and finally, a high-quality high-performance metal casting blank is obtained.
10. A metal cast slab prepared by a layer-by-layer solidification molding method according to claim 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311402704.7A CN117531965A (en) | 2023-10-26 | 2023-10-26 | Layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment and method and metal casting blank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311402704.7A CN117531965A (en) | 2023-10-26 | 2023-10-26 | Layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment and method and metal casting blank |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117531965A true CN117531965A (en) | 2024-02-09 |
Family
ID=89788949
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311402704.7A Pending CN117531965A (en) | 2023-10-26 | 2023-10-26 | Layer-by-layer solidification forming equipment and method and metal casting blank |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117531965A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-10-26 CN CN202311402704.7A patent/CN117531965A/en active Pending
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