CN108067596B - Method for preparing TiAl alloy uniform structure slab by casting and rolling thin strip - Google Patents
Method for preparing TiAl alloy uniform structure slab by casting and rolling thin strip Download PDFInfo
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- CN108067596B CN108067596B CN201710909037.XA CN201710909037A CN108067596B CN 108067596 B CN108067596 B CN 108067596B CN 201710909037 A CN201710909037 A CN 201710909037A CN 108067596 B CN108067596 B CN 108067596B
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of material metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a TiAl alloy uniform-structure plate blank by casting and rolling a thin strip. The method comprises the steps of obtaining TiAl alloy melt through smelting in a vacuum induction furnace, enabling the melt to flow into a molten pool formed by two contra-rotating crystallization rollers and side sealing plates through a chute channel, carrying out continuous atmosphere protection on a smelting chamber, the chute channel and a pouring gate, controlling the superheat degree of the alloy melt on the upper surface of the molten pool to be 20-40 ℃, controlling the contact arc length of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers to be 100-250 mm, and controlling the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers to be 0.3-0.4 s, so that the melt is solidified, rolled, deformed and led out through the crystallization rollers to obtain the thin strip cast TiAl alloy sheet billet. And (3) immediately performing slow cooling treatment after the slab is taken out of the roller, keeping the temperature at 800-1050 ℃, and cooling the slab to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the TiAl alloy slab with uniform isometric crystal structure. According to the invention, the high-quality TiAl alloy slab with uniform, fine and equiaxial structure and no center segregation is realized by controlling the casting and rolling process parameters and the slab slow cooling process.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of material metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a TiAl alloy uniform-structure plate blank by casting and rolling a thin strip.
Background art:
the TiAl alloy is a novel light high-temperature-resistant structural material, has the advantages of low density, high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance, high-temperature creep resistance and the like, and is an ideal material for aerospace high-temperature structural components. However, the TiAl alloy has low room temperature plasticity, difficult hot working and difficult preparation of large-size plates, and the development and the application of the alloy are seriously limited. Currently, the TiAl alloy sheet is mainly prepared by means of sheath hot rolling and isothermal rolling, and the problems of rapid high-temperature heat dissipation, crack initiation and propagation and the like of the TiAl alloy sheet in the thermal deformation process can be solved by related methods. However, the structural stability of the hot rolling of the jacket and the complexity of the hot rolling process are limited, resulting in lower sheet yield and difficult availability of industrial-size sheets. Meanwhile, isothermal hot rolling equipment is expensive, and the prepared plate is easy to have thick lamellar structures, so that the forming performance is poor.
In addition, the double-roller thin strip casting and rolling technology can effectively realize the preparation of the large-size TiAl alloy sheet. The technology is a new technology that liquid metal is directly injected into a molten pool formed by two casting rollers and side sealing plates, and semi-finished blanks or finished thin strip plates are cast and rolled along with the rotation of the casting rollers. The near-net-shape forming characteristic of the method can realize the preparation of large-size plates of hard-to-deform metal, and meanwhile, the process has the characteristic of sub-rapid solidification, so that the cast structure can be obviously refined, and the mechanical property can be effectively improved. However, in the process of manufacturing the TiAl alloy slab by twin-roll casting and rolling, the cooling characteristic thereof easily causes symmetric growth of crystal grains, uneven distribution of columnar crystals and equiaxed crystals appears in the slab thickness direction, and meanwhile, the alloy elements are continuously discharged to the center of the slab in the process, which easily causes a central segregation zone. The uneven structure and segregation seriously reduce the mechanical property and the forming property of the plate, the subsequent thermal mechanical treatment is required to be carried out on the plate blank, the process is complex, and the structure property is difficult to accurately control. Meanwhile, the rapid cooling and the uneven structure characteristics of the cast rolling of the thin strip easily cause the plate to have larger internal stress, thereby causing the plate to crack and the internal defects and seriously deteriorating the preparation and the surface quality of the TiAl alloy plate. Therefore, how to obtain the TiAl alloy uniform structure and control solute segregation by a thin strip casting and rolling technology becomes a key point for preparing high-quality slabs, and no related method is available at present.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the problems of uneven structure, center segregation and the like of a TiAl alloy slab cast-rolled by a double-roller thin strip, the invention provides a method for preparing the TiAl alloy slab with the uniform structure by the thin strip cast-rolling, and the high-quality TiAl alloy slab with uniform, fine and equiaxial structure and no center segregation is realized by controlling the casting-rolling process parameters and the slow cooling process of the slab.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a TiAl alloy uniform-structure slab by thin strip casting rolling is characterized in that a TiAl alloy melt is obtained by smelting in a vacuum induction furnace, the melt flows into a molten pool consisting of two crystallization rollers and side sealing plates which rotate in opposite directions through a chute channel, a smelting chamber, the chute channel and a pouring nozzle are subjected to continuous atmosphere protection, the superheat degree of the alloy melt on the upper surface of the molten pool is controlled to be 20-40 ℃, the contact arc length of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 100-250 mm, and the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 0.3-0.4 s, so that the melt is solidified, rolled, deformed and led out through the crystallization roller to obtain a thin strip casting rolling TiAl alloy slab; and (3) immediately performing slow cooling treatment after the slab is taken out of the roller, keeping the temperature at 800-1050 ℃, and slowly cooling to room temperature to finally obtain the TiAl alloy slab with uniform isometric crystal structure.
The method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform structure slab by casting and rolling the thin strip comprises the following steps:
preparing a TiAl alloy slab by adopting a thin strip casting and rolling machine with a beryllium copper roller, enabling an alloy melt to flow into a molten pool formed by two crystallization rollers and side sealing plates which rotate reversely through a chute channel, and simultaneously carrying out continuous atmosphere protection on a smelting chamber, the chute channel and a pouring nozzle, controlling the superheat degree of the alloy melt on the upper surface of the molten pool to be 20-40 ℃, the contact arc length of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller to be 100-250 mm, and the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller to be 0.3-0.4 s, so that the melt is solidified, rolled, deformed and led out through the crystallization roller to form the TiAl alloy slab;
and 3, immediately performing slow cooling treatment on the thin strip cast-rolled plate blank after the thin strip cast-rolled plate blank is taken out of the roller, keeping the temperature at 800-1050 ℃, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the TiAl alloy plate blank which has no obvious center segregation along the thickness direction and has uniform isometric crystal structure.
In the step 1, a calcium oxide crucible is adopted to smelt in a vacuum induction furnace, and TiAl alloy cast ingots are smelted by adopting a vacuum consumable arc as a base material.
In the step 2, the used protective atmosphere is argon.
In the step 2, the superheat degree of the melt is controlled by the melt temperature of the TiAl alloy in the smelting process.
In the step 2, the diameter of the crystallization roller is 400-600 mm, and the contact arc length of the melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is controlled by controlling the height of the liquid level in the molten pool, so that the contact arc length of the titanium-aluminum alloy melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 100-250 mm.
In the step 2, the contact time of the TiAl alloy melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the crystallization roller, and the rotating speed of the crystallization roller is 0.25-0.6 m/s.
And 2, performing atmosphere protection on the chute channel and the casting and rolling water gap, introducing protective atmosphere into the medium-frequency vacuum induction furnace to ensure that the pressure in the smelting furnace is normal pressure and the protective atmosphere is protected, opening the gate valve to communicate the smelting crucible, the chute channel and the casting and rolling water gap, and then casting and rolling a plate.
And in the step 3, the cast-rolling plate blank is quickly placed into a pre-heated heat-preserving furnace to be cooled along with the furnace after being moved out of the casting roller, or is covered and heat-preserved through heat-preserving asbestos.
The method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform structure slab by casting and rolling the thin strip has the advantages that the thickness of the TiAl alloy uniform structure slab is 2-5 mm, and the width of the TiAl alloy uniform structure slab is 100-200 mm.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention improves the conditions of solidification and plastic deformation in the process of casting and rolling the thin strip by effectively controlling the melt superheat degree, the synergistic effect of the rolling and cooling processes and the slow cooling process of the strip blank, avoids the formation of uneven structures and promotes the diffusion of solute, and provides favorable conditions for realizing the uniform and fine isometric crystal structures in the thickness direction and controlling the segregation of the solute.
2. The invention has simple and stable production process and can be effectively used for preparing the high-quality slab of the twin-roll thin-strip continuous casting TiAl alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a twin roll strip casting principle of the present invention for TiAl alloy slab production; wherein: 1: a vacuum induction melting furnace; 2: an argon protection device; 3: a chute channel; 4: a crystallization roller; 5: and (5) thin slabs.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a TiAl alloy thin slab prepared in example 1 of the present invention: (a) an edge portion; (b) the core part.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure diagram of a TiAl alloy thin slab prepared in example 2 of the present invention: (a) an edge portion; (b) the core part.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the twin-roll strip casting structure for TiAl alloy slab production according to the present invention is as follows: the bottom opening of the vacuum induction smelting furnace 1 is communicated with the chute channel 3, the top of the chute channel 3 is communicated with the argon protection device 2, the crystallization rollers 4 are arranged on two sides of the bottom outlet of the chute channel 3, and TiAl alloy melt in the vacuum induction smelting furnace 1 forms a thin slab 5 after passing through the chute channel 3 and the crystallization rollers 4.
In the specific implementation process, the method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform-structure plate blank by strip casting and rolling comprises the following specific steps:
In the step 1, a calcium oxide crucible is adopted to be smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, an original TiAl alloy base metal ingot is obtained by three times of vacuum consumable arc smelting, and the ingot is smelted by charging after being cut into a proper size by a warp.
and (3) preparing the TiAl alloy plate blank by adopting a thin strip casting and rolling machine with beryllium copper rollers. Alloy melt flows into a molten pool formed by two contra-rotating crystallization rollers and side sealing plates through a chute channel, atmosphere protection is continuously carried out on a smelting chamber, the chute channel and a pouring water gap, and three process parameters of alloy melt superheat degree on the upper surface of the molten pool, contact arc length of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers and contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers are controlled, so that the melt is solidified and guided out through the crystallization rollers to form a TiAl alloy thin strip blank, and the process parameters are controlled as follows:
the superheat degree of the melt on the upper surface of the molten pool is 20-40 ℃;
the contact arc length of the melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 100-250 mm;
the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 0.3-0.4 s;
the process parameter control is illustrated as follows:
(1) superheat degree of melt on the upper surface of a molten pool: the superheat degree of the melt on the upper surface of the molten pool is controlled by adjusting the tapping temperature of the melt in the smelting furnace. The superheat degree of the melt on the upper surface of the molten pool is 20-40 ℃. The relationship between the outflow temperature of the melt from the smelting furnace and the superheat degree of the melt on the upper surface is as follows:
ΔT＝T-Tr-Ts
wherein, Delta T is the superheat degree, T is the melt outflow temperature, and T is the melt outflow temperaturerFor temperature drop in the process of the melt flowing out to the molten pool, TsThe unit is the solidification temperature of the alloy.
(2) Contact arc length of melt in molten pool and roller surface of crystallizing roller
The diameter of the casting and rolling crystallization roller is 500mm, and the contact arc length of the melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is controlled by adjusting the height of the molten pool, so that the contact arc length of the melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 100-250 mm. The relation between the height of the molten pool and the length of the contact arc is as follows:
wherein H is the height of a molten pool, r is the radius of a crystallization roller, L is the length of a contact arc, and the unit is m.
(3) The contact time of the melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the crystallization roller, so that the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 03-04 s. The data relation of the rotating speed of the crystallizing roller and the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallizing roller is as follows:
t＝L/v
wherein t is contact time in units of s; l is the contact arc length in m; v is the crystallization roll speed in m/s.
In step 2, the protective atmosphere is argon.
In step 2, the casting process is as follows: and (3) carrying out atmosphere protection on the chute channel and the casting and rolling water gap, then introducing a protective atmosphere into the medium-frequency vacuum induction furnace to ensure that the pressure in the smelting furnace is normal pressure and the protective atmosphere is protected, opening a gate valve to communicate the smelting crucible, the chute channel and the casting and rolling water gap, and then casting and rolling a plate.
In the step 2, the superheat degree of the melt in the casting and rolling process is controlled by the melt temperature of the TiAl alloy in the smelting process. The melt leakage accident can occur when the temperature of the melt is too high, a plate blank can not be formed, meanwhile, the columnar crystal structure and the center segregation phenomenon can be easily generated in the thickness direction under the condition of rapid solidification, and the insufficient flow and the roller clamping accident can occur when the temperature of the melt is too low.
In the step 2, the height of the liquid level in the molten pool directly influences the contact arc length of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller, and further influences the internal structure of the plate and the surface quality of the plate.
In the step 2, the contact time of the TiAl alloy melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller can be controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the crystallization roller. The phenomenon of melt leakage and insufficient rolling force can be caused by too short contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller due to too high rotation speed of the crystallization roller, and the phenomenon of too large rolling force and roller clamping accidents can be caused by too long contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller due to too low rotation speed.
And step 3, slow cooling treatment:
directly carrying out slow cooling treatment on the TiAl alloy plate blank subjected to thin strip casting rolling at the temperature of 800-1050 ℃ after the TiAl alloy plate blank is taken out of a roller, and then slowly cooling to room temperature.
And 3, after the cast-rolling plate blank is moved out of the casting roller, quickly putting the cast-rolling plate blank into a pre-heated heat preservation furnace and cooling the cast-rolling plate blank along with the furnace, or covering and preserving heat through heat preservation asbestos, so that the plate is prevented from having crack defects, uniform tissue control is realized, and solute diffusion is promoted.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the method for preparing the TiAl alloy homogeneous structure slab by strip casting rolling includes: and smelting the TiAl alloy melt by a vacuum induction furnace, wherein the alloy component is Ti-44Al (atomic percent). And introducing argon into the smelting chamber to make the smelting chamber normal pressure, and carrying out continuous argon protection on the smelting chamber, the chute channel and the casting and rolling water gap. Alloy melt flows into a molten pool formed by two crystallization rollers and side sealing plates which rotate reversely through a chute channel, three process parameters of alloy melt superheat degree on the upper surface of the molten pool, contact arc length of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers and contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers are controlled, the melt is solidified, rolled, deformed and led out through the crystallization rollers, and the process parameters are controlled as follows:
the superheat degree of the melt on the upper surface of the molten pool is 30 ℃;
the contact arc length of the melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 100 mm;
the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 0.4 s;
after the cast-rolled plate blank is taken out of the roller, the cast-rolled plate blank is directly put into a heating furnace, the heating temperature is 800 ℃, and then the cast-rolled plate blank is slowly cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace.
The thickness of the TiAl alloy slab produced by the twin-roll thin strip continuous casting method is 3mm, and the width of the TiAl alloy slab is 200 mm.
The structure of the TiAl alloy thin slab prepared in the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 2: (a) edge tissue; (b) the heart tissue. As can be seen from figure 2, the TiAl alloy thin slab prepared by the invention has a fine and uniform equiaxed crystal structure and has no obvious center segregation.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the method for preparing the TiAl alloy homogeneous structure slab by strip casting rolling includes: and smelting the TiAl alloy melt by a vacuum induction furnace, wherein the alloy component is Ti-46Al (atomic percent). And introducing argon into the smelting chamber to make the smelting chamber normal pressure, and carrying out continuous argon protection on the smelting chamber, the chute channel and the casting and rolling water gap. Alloy melt flows into a molten pool formed by two crystallization rollers and side sealing plates which rotate reversely through a chute channel, three process parameters of alloy melt superheat degree on the upper surface of the molten pool, contact arc length of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers and contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers are controlled, the melt is solidified, rolled, deformed and led out through the crystallization rollers, and the process parameters are controlled as follows:
the superheat degree of the melt on the upper surface of the molten pool is 25 ℃;
the contact arc length of the melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 120 mm;
the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 0.3 s;
and (3) directly putting the cast-rolled plate blank into a heating furnace after the cast-rolled plate blank is taken out of the roller, wherein the heating temperature is 1050 ℃, and then slowly cooling the cast-rolled plate blank to the room temperature along with the furnace.
The thickness of the TiAl alloy slab produced by the twin-roll thin strip continuous casting method is 2.5mm, and the width of the TiAl alloy slab is 200 mm.
The structure of the TiAl alloy thin slab prepared in the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 3: (a) edge tissue; (b) the heart tissue. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the TiAl alloy thin slab prepared by the invention has a fine and uniform full lamellar equiaxed crystal structure, and the grain size is 30-60 μm.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the method for preparing the TiAl alloy homogeneous structure slab by strip casting rolling includes: and smelting the TiAl alloy melt by a vacuum induction furnace, wherein the alloy component is Ti-48Al (atomic percent). And introducing argon into the smelting chamber to make the smelting chamber normal pressure, and carrying out continuous argon protection on the smelting chamber, the chute channel and the casting and rolling water gap. Alloy melt flows into a molten pool formed by two crystallization rollers and side sealing plates which rotate reversely through a chute channel, three process parameters of alloy melt superheat degree on the upper surface of the molten pool, contact arc length of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers and contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization rollers are controlled, the melt is solidified, rolled, deformed and led out through the crystallization rollers, and the process parameters are controlled as follows:
the superheat degree of the melt on the upper surface of the molten pool is 30 ℃;
the contact arc length of the melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 180 mm;
the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is 0.4 s;
and directly putting the cast and rolled plate blank into asbestos after the cast and rolled plate blank is taken out of a roller for covering and heat preservation, and cooling to room temperature. The thickness of the TiAl alloy full-lamellar equiaxed crystal thin strip produced by the twin-roll thin strip continuous casting method is 2mm, and the width of the TiAl alloy full-lamellar equiaxed crystal thin strip is 100 mm.
The embodiment result shows that the method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform-structure slab by casting and rolling the thin strip obtains uniform and fine equiaxial crystal structure distribution along the thickness direction, simultaneously reduces center segregation, reduces surface cracks and internal defects, and realizes the preparation of the high-quality TiAl alloy slab.
Claims (7)
1. The method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform structure slab by casting and rolling the thin strip is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, smelting by a vacuum induction furnace to obtain TiAl alloy melt; wherein, the atomic percentage of the components in the TiAl alloy is as follows: 44-48% of Al, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurities;
step 2, preparing a TiAl alloy plate blank by casting and rolling a thin strip:
preparing a TiAl alloy slab by adopting a thin strip casting and rolling machine with a beryllium copper roller, enabling an alloy melt to flow into a molten pool formed by two crystallization rollers and side sealing plates which rotate reversely through a chute channel, and simultaneously carrying out continuous atmosphere protection on a smelting chamber, the chute channel and a pouring nozzle, controlling the superheat degree of the alloy melt on the upper surface of the molten pool to be 20-40 ℃, the contact arc length of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller to be 120-250 mm, and the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller to be 0.3-0.4 s, so that the melt is solidified, rolled, deformed and led out through the crystallization roller to form the TiAl alloy slab;
the diameter of the casting and rolling crystallization roller is 500mm, the contact arc length of the melt in the molten pool and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is controlled by adjusting the height of the molten pool, and the relational expression of the height of the molten pool and the contact arc length is as follows:
h is the height of a molten pool, r is the radius of a crystallization roller, L is the length of a contact arc, and the unit is m;
the data relation of the rotating speed of the crystallizing roller and the contact time of the melt and the roller surface of the crystallizing roller is as follows:
t＝L/v
wherein t is contact time in units of s; l is the contact arc length in m; v is the roll speed of the crystallization roll in m/s;
and 3, immediately performing slow cooling treatment on the thin strip cast-rolled plate blank after the thin strip cast-rolled plate blank is taken out of the roller: directly putting the blank into a heating furnace preheated to 800-1050 ℃ to cool to room temperature along with the furnace, or covering and insulating the blank by heat-insulating asbestos to cool to room temperature, and obtaining the TiAl alloy plate blank which has no obvious center segregation along the thickness direction and has uniform isometric crystal structure.
2. The method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform-structure slab through the strip casting and rolling according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, a calcium oxide crucible is adopted to be smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, and a TiAl alloy ingot is smelted as a base material through a vacuum consumable arc.
3. The method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform-structure slab by strip casting and rolling according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step 2, the used protective atmosphere is argon.
4. The method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform-structure slab through the strip casting and rolling according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the superheat degree of the melt is controlled by the temperature of the TiAl alloy melt in the smelting process.
5. The method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform-structure slab by strip casting and rolling according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step 2, the contact time of the TiAl alloy melt and the roller surface of the crystallization roller is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the crystallization roller, and the rotating speed of the crystallization roller is 0.25-0.6 m/s.
6. The method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform-structure slab by strip casting and rolling according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and 2, performing atmosphere protection on the chute channel and the casting and rolling water gap, introducing protective atmosphere into the medium-frequency vacuum induction furnace to ensure that the pressure in the smelting furnace is normal pressure and the protective atmosphere is protected, opening the gate valve to communicate the smelting crucible, the chute channel and the casting and rolling water gap, and then casting and rolling a plate.
7. The method for preparing the TiAl alloy uniform-structure slab by strip casting and rolling according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the thickness of the TiAl alloy uniform structure slab is 2-5 mm, and the width is 100-200 mm.
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