CN111069578A - Method for adjusting pouring speed of steel ladle - Google Patents
Method for adjusting pouring speed of steel ladle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111069578A CN111069578A CN201911392163.8A CN201911392163A CN111069578A CN 111069578 A CN111069578 A CN 111069578A CN 201911392163 A CN201911392163 A CN 201911392163A CN 111069578 A CN111069578 A CN 111069578A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D37/00—Controlling or regulating the pouring of molten metal from a casting melt-holding vessel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adjusting the pouring speed of a ladle, which comprises the following steps: 1. preparing for casting, 2, obtaining data of casting equipment, 3, calculating actual casting speed, 4, adjusting pouring angle or area of water gap of ladle, 5, repeating the steps from two to four, and gradually reducing actual casting speed V of ladlexThe difference from V. According to the method, the actual pouring speed of the steel ladle is calculated by a formula through acquiring the area of the water gap of the steel ladle, detecting the volume of the liquid level in the steel ingot mold and timing the pouring time, and is compared with the actual required pouring speed of the steel ladle, so that the actual pouring speed of the steel ladle is adjusted in real time, the condition that the steel ladle is too slow or too fast in the pouring process is avoided, the qualified rate of steel ingot casting is greatly increased, the working efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the working benefit is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for adjusting the pouring speed of a steel ladle, belonging to the technical field of die steel ingot casting.
Background
In the process of steel ingot casting, a steel ladle pours molten steel into a steel ingot mold. In the process of pouring the molten steel, the pouring speed of the molten steel directly determines the degree of the molten steel receiving rapid cooling in the ingot mould and the internal organization structure of the steel ingot. Problems that arise when the casting speed is too fast include: 1. the steel ingot in the steel ingot mold is easy to form turnover or air holes, and the bottom quality of the steel ingot is seriously influenced; 2. when the integral casting of the steel ingot is too fast, the follow-up casting of a dead head is accelerated, and the residual shrinkage cavity of the steel ingot is easy to cause; 3. when molten steel is close to a riser, transverse cracking is easily caused when the pouring speed is too high; 4. gas generated by burning the coating in the ingot mould is difficult to discharge in time due to the fact that the liquid level of molten steel rises too fast, and the steel ingot can generate air holes; 5. the chilling layer is too thin, and the steel ingot is cracked. Problems that arise when the casting speed is too slow include: 1. the steel ingot is easy to form turnover in a steel ingot mould and cause subcutaneous air holes; 2. the pouring time is long, the air suction is large, the secondary oxidation is serious, and the internal quality of the steel ingot is influenced; 3. the casting speed is too slow, and the steel ingot is easy to solidify in a cold area in the casting channel, so that the steel ingot cannot be molded.
Therefore, after determining the temperature of the molten steel and the casting form, how to judge and adjust the casting speed is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for adjusting the pouring speed of a ladle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for adjusting the pouring speed of the ladle comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of casting: cleaning the casting equipment to enable the casting equipment to reach the casting condition, and hoisting the ladle filled with molten steel to the mounted steel ingot mold for casting;
step two: acquiring data of the casting equipment: inquiring the pouring temperature T and the pouring speed V of the molten steel required by the corresponding steel ingot to obtain the area S of the water gap after the upper sliding plate and the lower sliding plate are adjusted by the steel ladle1Volume L of molten steel in ingot mold1And the volume of molten steel in the steel ingot mould reaches L1Time of day T1；
Step three: calculating the actual pouring speed: according to the formula
L1＝S1×V1×T1，
V1＝L1/(S1×T1)，
In the formula，S1Indicates the area, L, of the water gap (5)1Represents the volume, T, of molten steel (3)1Represents the volume L of the molten steel (3)1Time of day, V1The casting speed of the molten steel (3) is expressed, and V is calculated1The specific numerical value is compared with the pouring speed V of the molten steel (3) required by the corresponding steel ingot;
step four: adjusting the pouring angle or the area of a water gap of the ladle: when V is1When the V is larger than the V, the molten steel pouring speed is too high, the area of a water gap of the ladle is timely reduced or the inclination angle of the ladle is timely reduced, so that the pouring speed of the ladle is reduced, and when the V is larger than the V, the molten steel pouring speed is too high1When the casting speed of the molten steel is lower than V, the area of a water gap of the steel ladle or the inclination angle of the steel ladle is stretched and enlarged in time to reduce the casting speed of the steel ladle;
step five: repeating the second step to the fourth step: repeating the second step to the fourth step to obtain the actual speed V of the ladle pouring in real timexComparing with the casting speed V and gradually reducing the actual casting speed V of the ladlexThe difference from V.
Furthermore, the upper and lower sliding plates of the ladle in the step one are provided with a plurality of limiting blocking blocks, and each telescopic limiting blocking block of the upper and lower sliding plates corresponds to one water gap area SxThe ladle selects different nozzle areas by adjusting the upper sliding plate and the lower sliding plate, and then the pouring speed V of the ladle is adjustedx。
Further, a high-temperature molten iron liquid level meter is arranged on the outer wall of the steel ingot mold in the first step, and the high-temperature molten iron liquid level meter monitors the molten steel liquid level in the steel ingot mold in real time.
Further, the model of the high-temperature molten iron level meter is FULD 68T-80.
The working principle is as follows:
the actual pouring speed of the ladle pouring molten steel is calculated by using a formula through setting the area of the ladle nozzle and detecting the liquid level in the steel ingot mould, and the actual pouring speed of the ladle is adjusted in real time by comparing the actual pouring speed of the ladle with the actual pouring speed required by the ladle so as to gradually approach the actual pouring speed required by the ladle and finally reach the reasonable pouring speed range corresponding to steel ingot casting.
Has the advantages that:
according to the method, the actual pouring speed of the steel ladle is calculated by a formula through acquiring the area of the water gap of the steel ladle, detecting the volume of the liquid level in the steel ingot mold and timing the pouring time, and is compared with the actual required pouring speed of the steel ladle, so that the actual pouring speed of the steel ladle is adjusted in real time, the condition that the steel ladle is too slow or too fast in the pouring process is avoided, the qualified rate of steel ingot casting is greatly increased, the working efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the working benefit is obtained.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the lower casting of a mold ingot of the invention,
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the pouring onto a mold ingot of the invention,
the method comprises the following steps of 1-pouring pipe, 2-base plate, 3-molten steel, 4-steel ingot mould, 5-nozzle and 6-steel ladle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be understood as illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalent modifications thereof which may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for adjusting the pouring speed of a ladle comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of casting: cleaning the casting equipment to enable the casting equipment to reach the casting condition, and hoisting the steel ladle 6 filled with the molten steel 3 to the installed steel ingot mold 4 for casting;
step two: acquiring data of the casting equipment: inquiring the pouring temperature T and the pouring speed V of the molten steel 3 required by the corresponding steel ingot to obtain the area S of the water gap 5 of the steel ladle 6 after the upper sliding plate and the lower sliding plate are adjusted1Volume L of molten steel 3 in steel ingot mold 41And the volume of the molten steel 3 in the steel ingot mould 4 reaches L1Time of day T1；
Step three: calculating the actual pouring speed: according to the formula
L1＝S1×V1×T1，
V1＝L1/(S1×T1)，
In the formula, the area S of the water gap 51Volume L of molten Steel 313 volume of molten steel is L1Time of day T1And at this time, the pouring speed V of the molten steel 31Calculating to obtain V1The concrete numerical value is compared with the pouring speed V of the molten steel 3 required by the corresponding steel ingot;
step four: adjusting the pouring angle of the ladle 6 or the area of the water gap 5: when V is1When the casting speed of the molten steel 3 is higher than V, the area of the water gap 5 of the ladle 6 is required to be reduced or the inclination angle of the ladle 6 is required to be reduced in time to reduce the casting speed of the ladle 6, and when V is larger than V, the casting speed of the molten steel 3 is too high1When the casting speed of the molten steel 3 is lower than V, the area of a water gap 5 of the steel ladle 6 is stretched and enlarged or the inclination angle of the steel ladle 6 is increased in time to reduce the casting speed of the steel ladle 6;
step five: repeating the second step to the fourth step: repeating the second step to the fourth step to obtain the actual speed V of the pouring of the ladle 6 in real timexComparing with the casting speed V and gradually reducing the actual casting speed V of the ladle 6xThe difference from V.
Wherein, the upper and lower slide plates of the ladle 6 in the step one are provided with a plurality of limiting blocking blocks, and each telescopic limiting blocking block of the upper and lower slide plates corresponds to a water gap with the area S of 5xThe ladle 6 selects different areas of the water gap 5 by adjusting the upper sliding plate and the lower sliding plate, and then the pouring speed V of the ladle 6 is adjustedx(ii) a And in the first step, a high-temperature molten iron liquid level meter is arranged on the outer wall of the steel ingot mold 4, the high-temperature molten iron liquid level meter monitors the liquid level of the molten steel 3 in the steel ingot mold 4 in real time, and the model of the high-temperature molten iron liquid level meter is FULD 68T-80.
The invention takes the steel ingot casting in the cast ingot by using the lower casting method as the first embodiment:
as shown in fig. 2, the casting equipment includes a central casting pipe 1 fixed vertically to the ground, the central casting pipe 1 is connected to a steel ingot mold 4 through a runner, the steel ingot mold 4 is fixed to a base plate 2, molten steel 3 in a ladle 6 is poured into the central casting pipe 1 through a nozzle 5, the molten steel 3 is poured into a plurality of steel ingot molds 4 through the central casting pipe 1, and is molded and cooled in the steel ingot mold 4 to form steel ingots.
The molten steel 3 needs to be kept still for a period of time after entering the steel ladle 6, so that slag or impurities mixed into the steel during tapping float upwards to be removed, and meanwhile, the function of adjusting the injection temperature is also achieved. If the injection temperature is too low, the surface of the molten steel 3 is immediately solidified after being injected into the steel ingot mould 4, and the surface defect of the steel ingot can be caused at the moment; if the injection temperature is too high, the time for forming the surface layer of the steel ingot can be delayed, and cracks appear on the surface of the steel ingot. Generally, the lower mold ingot casting temperature is increased by an increase of 50 to 60 degrees celsius in accordance with the solidification temperature of the molten steel 3. The reasonable casting speed range is 150mm/min-250mm/min, and under the condition of certain casting temperature, according to V1＝L1/(S1×T1) If the actual pouring speed calculated by the formula is not in the reasonable pouring speed range, the actual pouring speed of the ladle 6 needs to be adjusted until the actual pouring speed reaches the reasonable pouring speed range. The reasonable pouring speeds of the molten steel 3 with different components are different, the reasonable pouring speed of the steel type easy to oxidize is high, and the reasonable pouring speed ranges can be selected according to the types of the molten steel 3 which is actually poured for comparison.
The casting method for the steel ingot is high in production efficiency, short in casting time and good in surface quality of the steel ingot, facilitates floating and discharging of gas and inclusions, and is widely applied.
The invention takes the steel ingot casting in the cast ingot by the up-casting method as the second embodiment:
as shown in fig. 3, the casting apparatus includes a steel ingot mold 4 vertically ground fixed on a base pan 2, and molten steel 3 in a ladle 6 is injected into a cavity of the steel ingot mold 4 through a nozzle 5 and through an upper opening of the steel ingot mold 4, and is mold-cooled in the steel ingot mold 4 to form a steel ingot.
The upper pouring method is suitable for steel grades with higher internal quality requirements, such as heavy rails, gun barrels and the like, and is also suitable for large steel ingots, gland steels and semi-killed steels. The reasonable pouring speed range of the molten steel 3 by the upper pouring method is 1m/min-2m/min, and the highest pouring speed of the semi-killed steel can reach 7 m/min. At a constant casting temperature, according to V1＝L1/(S1×T1) If the actual pouring speed calculated by the formula is not in the reasonable pouring speed range, the actual pouring speed of the ladle 6 needs to be adjusted until the actual pouring speed reaches the reasonable pouring speed range. The reasonable pouring speeds of the molten steel 3 with different components are different, the reasonable pouring speed of the steel type easy to oxidize is high, and the reasonable pouring speed ranges can be selected according to the types of the molten steel 3 which is actually poured for comparison.
The steel ingot is cast by the upper pouring method, the preparation work is simple, the consumption of refractory materials is low, the cost is low, the pouring speed is timely adjusted, the defects of the steel ingot such as turnover, shrinkage cavity and the like are favorably reduced, the pouring speed is high, and the internal quality of the steel ingot is good.
According to the method, the actual pouring speed of the steel ladle is calculated by a formula through acquiring the area of the water gap of the steel ladle, detecting the volume of the liquid level in the steel ingot mold and timing the pouring time, and is compared with the actual required pouring speed of the steel ladle, so that the actual pouring speed of the steel ladle is adjusted in real time, the condition that the steel ladle is too slow or too fast in the pouring process is avoided, the qualified rate of steel ingot casting is greatly increased, the working efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the working benefit is obtained.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A method for adjusting the pouring speed of a ladle is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of casting: cleaning the casting equipment to enable the casting equipment to reach the casting condition, and hoisting the steel ladle (6) filled with the molten steel (3) to the installed steel ingot mold (4) for casting;
step two: acquiring data of the casting equipment: inquiring the pouring temperature T and the pouring speed V of the molten steel (3) required by the corresponding steel ingot to obtain the area S of the water gap (5) after the upper sliding plate and the lower sliding plate are adjusted by the steel ladle (6)1Volume L of molten steel (3) in steel ingot mold (4)1And the volume of the molten steel (3) in the steel ingot mould (4) reaches L1Time of day T1；
Step three: calculating the actual pouring speed: according to the formula
L1＝S1×V1×T1，
V1＝L1/(S1×T1)，
In the formula, S1Indicates the area, L, of the water gap (5)1Represents the volume, T, of molten steel (3)1Represents the volume L of the molten steel (3)1Time of day, V1The casting speed of the molten steel (3) is expressed, and V is calculated1The specific numerical value is compared with the pouring speed V of the molten steel (3) required by the corresponding steel ingot;
step four: adjusting the pouring angle of the ladle (6) or the area of the water gap (5): when V is1When the casting speed of the molten steel (3) is higher than V, the area of a water gap (5) of the ladle (6) is required to be reduced or the inclination angle of the ladle (6) is required to be reduced in time to reduce the casting speed of the ladle (6), and when V is larger than V, the casting speed of the molten steel (3) is too high1When the casting speed of the molten steel (3) is lower than V, the area of a water gap (5) of the steel ladle (6) is stretched and enlarged or the inclination angle of the steel ladle (6) is increased in time, so that the casting speed of the steel ladle (6) is reduced;
step five: repeating the second step to the fourth step: repeating the second step to the fourth step to obtain the actual speed V of the pouring of the ladle (6) in real timexComparison with casting speed VAnd gradually reducing the actual casting speed V of the ladle (6)xThe difference from V.
2. The method of adjusting a pouring speed of a ladle according to claim 1, wherein: in the step one, the upper sliding plate and the lower sliding plate of the ladle (6) are provided with a plurality of limiting blocking blocks, and each limiting blocking block of the upper sliding plate and the lower sliding plate stretches corresponds to the area S of one water gap (5)xThe ladle (6) selects different areas of the water gap (5) by adjusting the upper sliding plate and the lower sliding plate, and then the pouring speed V of the ladle (6) is adjustedx。
3. The method of adjusting a pouring speed of a ladle according to claim 1, wherein: and in the first step, a high-temperature molten iron liquid level meter is arranged on the outer wall of the steel ingot mold (4), and the high-temperature molten iron liquid level meter monitors the liquid level of the molten steel (3) in the steel ingot mold (4) in real time.
4. A method of adjusting the pouring speed of a ladle according to claim 3, wherein: the model of the high-temperature molten iron level meter is FULD 68T-80.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112275797A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-01-29 | 太原钢铁(集团)有限公司 | Method for eliminating surface defects of super austenitic stainless steel middle plate |
| CN112355302A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-12 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Die casting method for automatic casting |
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| CN112275797A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-01-29 | 太原钢铁(集团)有限公司 | Method for eliminating surface defects of super austenitic stainless steel middle plate |
| CN112355302A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-12 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Die casting method for automatic casting |
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Application publication date: 20200428 |