CN112970548A - Closed-cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation - Google Patents
Closed-cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation, which is characterized in that sugarcane tips, intercropping and crop rotation are utilized to develop feed for feeding ecological aquatic products, fish manure is used for separating and drying, and the carbon-based slow release fertilizer is prepared by mixing and carbonizing the sugarcane tips and the intercropping crop straws and is applied to sugarcane, discharged wastewater is prepared into liquid fertilizer, the water fertilizer is irrigated to a sugarcane field in an integrated manner, the input of chemical fertilizer is reduced, the sugarcane field is fertilized, and the yield is improved. The closed cycle agricultural mode of the invention has no environmental pollution, the generated wastes can be recycled, and after a stable cycle system is formed, no fertilizer and the like need to be added, thereby greatly reducing the production cost and having good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation.
Background
The cyclic agriculture is to promote the activities of various agricultural resources in a farming system, such as reciprocating multilayer and efficient flowing, so as to achieve the purposes of energy conservation, emission reduction and income increase, and promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture and rural areas. The cyclic agriculture is an agricultural production mode which realizes the production of less wastes and improves the resource utilization efficiency by applying a material cyclic regeneration principle and a material multi-level utilization technology. The recycling agriculture is used as an environment-friendly farming mode, and has better social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefit.
The sugarcane is an important support in the sugar industry in China, is also a raw material of energy, fiber, glycosyl chemical industry and feed, and has great potential as a renewable energy crop. Guangxi is the largest major sugar cane producing area in China, has subtropical climatic conditions and land resources for growing the sugar cane, has the planting area accounting for more than 63% of the planting area in China, has the sugar content of more than 15%, and is one of the best energy and sugar crops. Nowadays, the planting area of sugar cane in our district reaches 1631.02 ten thousand acres in 2013, and sugar becomes one of important and representative traditional superior industries in our district; more than 100 sugar enterprises exist in the whole area, more than 10 ten thousand industrial workers contribute 30 billions of yuan of tax revenue every year, and the tax revenue provided in the sugar production main producing area can account for more than 60% of the total tax revenue of county areas, thereby having important effects on promoting the economic and social development of the county and guaranteeing the livelihood.
Moisture is one of the key factors that limit sugarcane yield. Due to the influence of terrain, landform and natural conditions, the sugarcane is mainly planted on valley terrace land, hills and sloping fields, the planting condition is poor, the Guangxi sugarcane is in a wide-seed thin-harvest extensive planting state for a long time, and the land output rate is low. The average yield per unit of sugarcane is severely restricted. Sugarcane is a tropical crop with large water demand, and is drought in spring, autumn and winter and low temperature in winter, namely three drought and one low temperature, the sugarcane is slow in growth and even stops growing due to drought, yield increasing time is missed, and drought and water shortage become one of main factors for restricting the development of the sugarcane. Therefore, it is very important to maximize the efficiency of water resources under the condition of limited water resources.
In addition, the application of chemical fertilizers is one of the main measures for increasing the yield of crops, the fertilization not only influences the growth of the crops, but also influences the soil properties, and the reasonable fertilization can improve the crop yield, improve the soil properties and improve the soil fertility. Since the end of the 70's of the 20 th century, the amount of fertilizer applied to sugar cane has increased in order to increase yield. At present, a plurality of problems exist in the sugarcane fertilization process, such as (1) partial fertilizer application, no attention to organic fertilizer and soil fertility reduction; (2) nutrient distribution is unbalanced, heavy nitrogen fertilizers, light phosphorus and potassium, heavy macroelements and light medium elements cause nutrient proportion imbalance, and the improvement of crop yield and product quality is seriously influenced; (3) the fertilizer application technology is lagged behind, farmers in many areas still apply fertilizers according to experience, fertilizer is mostly applied in a scattering mode or in a large water flushing mode, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low, a large amount of fertilizer resources are wasted, a large amount of energy is lost, even the inherent physical and chemical properties of soil are damaged, the ecological system in the soil is out of balance, the quality of agricultural products is reduced, and the environmental pollution is aggravated. In view of this, the sustainable development of agriculture is gradually paid attention by all countries in the world, and it has become a consensus of people to reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers and increase the investment of ecological organic fertilizers in agricultural production.
In recent years, with the increase of the cost and the decrease of economic benefits of sugarcane planting, sugarcane farmers gradually begin to find new planting modes, such as: interplanting or crop rotation is carried out on other economic crops in the sugarcane field so as to improve the land utilization rate and improve the soil; a three-dimensional planting ecological cycle mode is developed in a sugarcane field, for example, patent application CN110326542A discloses a cycle agricultural mode culture device combining sugarcane planting and pig breeding, the sugarcane planting and pig breeding are combined, and cyclic utilization of resources is realized. However, the current sugarcane planting mode still has the problems of low economic benefit, low resource utilization rate and the like.
In recent years, with the continuous progress of science and technology, the breeding industry is developing towards more specialization and science and technology. Various three-dimensional aquaculture technologies are put into practical production, and the common three-dimensional aquaculture forms in the prior art are as follows: (1) fish-mulberry-chicken: breeding fish in a pond, planting mulberry around the pond, and breeding chickens in a mulberry forest; sludge in the pond can be used as fertilizer for mulberries, leaves of the mulberries can be used as food for chickens, and chicken manure can be used as food for fishes. (2) Cattle-fish: the cattle is fed with feed or forage, the fish is fed with cattle manure after the treatment, and the pond sludge is used as fertilizer for farmlands. (3) Chicken-pig-fish: feeding chicken with the feed, feeding pigs with the chicken manure after treatment, and feeding fish with the pig manure after treatment.
No mature mode of combining sugarcane with aquaculture exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture, which aims at overcoming the defects, utilizes sugarcane top leaves, intercropping and crop rotation to develop feed for feeding ecological aquatic products, uses fish dung to separate and dry, mixes and carbonizes the sugarcane tops and the intercropping crop straws to prepare carbon-based slow release fertilizer for applying to the sugarcane, uses discharged wastewater to prepare liquid fertilizer, and irrigates the sugarcane field with the water fertilizer integrally, thereby reducing the input of chemical fertilizer, fertilizing the sugarcane field and improving the yield.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation specifically comprises the following steps: soybean or corn is interplanted in the sugarcane field to realize income increase and yield increase; soybean or corn straw, sugarcane filter mud, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves are used for preparing the carbon-based slow release fertilizer, and the carbon-based slow release fertilizer is applied to a sugarcane field; an aquaculture pond is arranged beside a sugarcane field and used for breeding freshwater fish, breeding tail water generated by the aquaculture pond is directly used for irrigating the sugarcane field, or the breeding tail water is treated to obtain upper layer purified water for the breeding pond, and simultaneously, obtained bottom layer rich water is prepared into liquid fertilizer to be applied to the sugarcane field; the harvested soybeans or corns are used for preparing aquatic feeds and are put into a culture pond, so that the cyclic utilization of resources is realized.
The sugarcane harvested by the invention is transported to a sugar mill to produce white sugar, the produced bagasse is used for making paper by a pulp mill, and the sugarcane tips and sugarcane leaves are used for producing the carbon-based slow release fertilizer, so that 'no waste' and 'zero emission' are really realized, and the method is a brand-new green planting and breeding mode which is ecological, environment-friendly, safe and efficient.
Specifically, the method for interplanting soybeans or corns in the sugarcane field comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: carrying out deep ploughing and soil preparation on sugarcane fields, and alternately ditching according to large row spacing and small row spacing, wherein the width of a ditch is 20-30 cm, the depth is 30-45 cm, the large row spacing is 1.5-2.2 m, and the small row spacing is 1.0-1.2 m;
(2) sowing: planting sugarcane in 12 months to 3 months of the next year, firstly applying base fertilizer into a sugarcane field planting ditch, placing the sugarcane seeds in the ditch to form single row of sugarcane buds, covering soil, watering, and covering with a thin film for sealing; after the sugarcane grows out, sowing 1-2 rows of soybean or corn seeds between large row spaces in 3-4 months, wherein the row space between the soybeans is 0.3-0.4 m, and the row space between the corns is 0.5-0.6 m;
(3) field management: during the growth period of the sugarcane, irrigating the sugarcane field with culture tail water or obtained bottom layer rich water as required, after harvesting soybeans or corns, intertillage and loosening the soil of the sugarcane field and applying carbon-based slow release fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 100-150 kg/mu;
(4) and (3) managing after harvesting: after the sugarcane is harvested at the end of the year, the sugarcane stalks are reserved for roots to continue growing, soybeans or corns can continue to be interplanted in the next year, the sugarcane field is renovated 2-3 years after the perennial root sugarcane is reserved for seeds, and the new sugarcane seeds are changed for continuous planting.
Specifically, the method for preparing the carbon-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking soybean or corn straw, sugarcane filter mud, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves, and drying for later use;
(2) crushing soybean or corn straws, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves to 50-100 meshes, uniformly mixing, carrying out pyrolysis carbonization under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the carbonization temperature is 450-650 ℃, and keeping for 3-4 h to obtain straw biochar;
(3) conveying the sugarcane filter mud to a carbonization furnace, and carbonizing for 3-3.5 hours at the temperature of 400-440 ℃ to obtain filter mud biochar;
(4) adding water into 3-5 parts by weight of diatomite, 1-2 parts by weight of cyclodextrin and 2-3 parts by weight of lignin to prepare a coating solution;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the straw biochar obtained in the step (2) and the filter mud biochar obtained in the step (3), spraying the coating solution obtained in the step (4) to form a wet material with a coating layer, drying the wet material for 5-8 min at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and then feeding the wet material into a granulator for granulation to obtain the carbon-based slow release fertilizer.
The carbon-based slow release fertilizer can also be added with solid impurities generated in the treatment process of the culture tail water, and the solid impurities need to be fermented by a zymophyte agent.
Preferably, the fermentation inoculum is: two or three of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and azotobacter chroococcum.
Preferably, the treatment method of the aquaculture tail water comprises the following steps: filtering the culture tail water to remove solid impurities, putting the obtained water in a sedimentation and purification tank, precipitating for 3-8 h to obtain upper-layer purified water which can be used for fish culture in the culture tank or irrigation of sugarcane fields, and using the obtained bottom-layer rich water for irrigation of the sugarcane fields.
In 1-4 months after sugarcane planting and 1-3 months after soybean or corn interplanting, the water demand of plants is relatively small, and a small amount of underground water and part of upper-layer purified water are adopted in an aquaculture pond for aquaculture; after 4 months of sugarcane planting, the water demand of the sugarcane is greatly increased, most of the culture tail water is used for irrigating plants in the sugarcane field, and the water supplement of the aquaculture pond is mainly carried out by using underground water.
The closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation is characterized in that aquaculture mainly comprises freshwater fish, and the fish can be tilapia, procymidone, yellow croaker, bighead carp, silver carp and the like.
The novel symbiotic zero-emission planting and breeding circulation mode for the sugarcane fishes is a brand-new green planting and breeding technology which is ecological, environment-friendly, safe and efficient, and can solve the bottleneck problem that the three drought conditions and one low condition influence the yield increase of the sugarcane per unit area in Guangxi province. The mode is that on the basis of the established sugar cane double high bases, a modern ecological farm is constructed in a matching way, cane tips, intercropping and crop rotation are utilized to develop feed to feed ecological aquatic products, fish dung is used for separating and drying, and the cane tips and the intercropping crop straws are mixed and carbonized to prepare carbon-based slow release fertilizer to be applied to the cane, discharged wastewater is prepared into liquid fertilizer, the water and fertilizer are irrigated to the cane land in an integrated way, the input of chemical fertilizer is reduced, the cane land is fertilized, and the yield is improved.
The sugarcane-fish symbiotic zero-emission planting and breeding circulation new mode is based on double high bases, zero-emission pot-type ecological breeding equipment is built in a sugarcane field to perform planting and breeding circulation new mode, breeding tail water is discharged through the sugarcane field, the growth and development requirements of sugarcane are met, and the sewage purification cost is reduced. The technology is matched with an Internet of things control system, the whole culture process, water quality change, tail water treatment effect and the like are monitored, and the informationized management of culture production is realized. At the beginning of water circulation, the upper oxygen-enriched water of the ecological pond is continuously pumped to the zero-discharge-integrated tank type ecological culture equipment by a water pump (floating platform type), and the dissolved oxygen of the water in the tank is increased by utilizing the aeration of an air blower, so that the high-density intensive culture is ensured. Simulating the bionic circulation in the tank body, keeping the optimal flow velocity, and promoting the healthy growth and quality improvement of the fish. The tail water generated by cultivation is discharged out of the tank through the inclined surface sewage collecting groove, the water quality in the tank is kept clean, the bottom mud of the pond is not contacted in the fish culture process, the earthy smell is avoided, and the fish quality can be effectively improved.
After the culture tail water is discharged out of the tank, the culture tail water is filtered by a solid-liquid separation device, and the separated residual bait manure can be used as organic fertilizer; after being filtered, the mixture is made into liquid fertilizer for irrigating the sugarcane field through innocent treatment, so that zero emission of the cultivation waste is realized. The aquaculture technology has the advantages of clean production, improvement of aquaculture capacity, reduction of disease incidence rate, improvement of product quality, reduction of labor cost, improvement of feed conversion utilization efficiency, reuse of aquaculture tail water, water resource saving and the like, guarantees the safety of aquaculture organisms, and achieves the aim of supplying high-quality aquatic products.
The invention constructs a high-efficiency green ecological agricultural industry chain which is formed by the coordinated development of a plurality of industries of sugarcane, fishery, fertilizer and sugarcane fields, wherein the industries are taken as leading parts and the ecological breeding industry is taken as auxiliary parts, and the industries are in planting and breeding interaction linkage and resource sharing and cyclic utilization, so that good situations of sharing economy, cyclic economy and green ecology are formed, and the income increase of sugarcane farmers, enterprise efficiency improvement, industry prosperity and ecological habitation are really realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the closed cycle agricultural mode combining sugarcane planting and three-dimensional aquaculture, the sugarcane tips, intercropping and crop rotation are developed into feeds to feed ecological aquatic products, fish manure is separated and dried, and is mixed and carbonized with the sugarcane tips and the intercropping crop straws to prepare the carbon-based slow release fertilizer to be applied to the sugarcane, discharged wastewater is prepared into liquid fertilizer, and the liquid fertilizer is irrigated to a sugarcane field in an integrated manner, so that the input of chemical fertilizer is reduced, the sugarcane field is fertilized, and the yield is improved. The closed cycle agricultural mode of the invention has no environmental pollution, the generated wastes can be recycled, and after a stable cycle system is formed, no fertilizer and the like need to be added, thereby greatly reducing the production cost and having good economic benefit.
2. The tail water produced by the culture pond is discharged out of the tank through the inclined surface sewage collecting groove, so that the water quality in the tank is kept clean, the bottom mud of the pond is not contacted in the fish culture process, the earthy smell is avoided, and the fish quality is effectively improved.
3. The carbon-based slow release fertilizer disclosed by the invention takes the wastes of a culture pond, soybean straws, corn straws, sugarcane filter mud, sugarcane tail tips, sugarcane leaves and the like as main raw materials, the raw materials are low in price and can be recycled, and the adopted coating material is an inorganic thin film material, so that the fertilizer is non-toxic and harmless, wide in material source, low in price, degradable in soil and free of environmental pollution. The biochar-based slow release fertilizer prepared by the invention has rich pore channels, is easy to decompose, can be absorbed without deterioration, is wear-resistant, has excellent adsorption and ion exchange performances, and can effectively improve soil fertility, structure, microorganisms and the like, improve soil quality and improve soil structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a closed cycle agricultural mode of the present invention combining sugarcane planting with aquaculture.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following describes the technical solutions of the present invention clearly and completely in combination with the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for preparing a carbon-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking soybean or corn straw, sugarcane filter mud, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves, and drying for later use;
(2) crushing soybean or corn straws, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves to 50 meshes, uniformly mixing, carrying out pyrolysis carbonization under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the carbonization temperature is 450 ℃, and keeping for 4 hours to obtain straw biochar;
(3) conveying the sugarcane filter mud to a carbonization furnace, and carbonizing for 3.5 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ to obtain filter mud biochar;
(4) 3 parts of diatomite, 1 part of cyclodextrin and 2 parts of lignin are taken according to the parts by weight, and water is added to prepare a film forming solution;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the straw biochar obtained in the step (2) and the filter mud biochar obtained in the step (3), spraying the coating solution obtained in the step (4) to form a wet material with a coating layer, drying the wet material for 8min at the temperature of 30 ℃, and then feeding the wet material into a granulator for granulation to obtain the carbon-based slow release fertilizer.
The carbon-based slow release fertilizer can also be added with solid impurities generated in the treatment process of the culture tail water, and the solid impurities need to be fermented by a zymophyte agent.
The fermentation inoculum is as follows: mixing Bacillus subtilis, yeast and azotobacter chroococcum.
Example 2
A method for preparing a carbon-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking soybean or corn straw, sugarcane filter mud, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves, and drying for later use;
(2) crushing soybean or corn straws, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves to 80 meshes, uniformly mixing, and carrying out pyrolysis carbonization under the protection of nitrogen at 550 ℃ for 3.5 hours to obtain straw biochar;
(3) conveying the sugarcane filter mud to a carbonization furnace, and carbonizing for 3.5 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃ to obtain filter mud biochar;
(4) taking 5 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of cyclodextrin and 2.5 parts of lignin according to parts by weight, and adding water to prepare a coating solution;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the straw biochar obtained in the step (2) and the filter mud biochar obtained in the step (3), spraying the coating solution obtained in the step (4) to form a wet material with a coating layer, drying the wet material for 6min at the temperature of 32 ℃, and then feeding the wet material into a granulator for granulation to obtain the carbon-based slow release fertilizer.
The carbon-based slow release fertilizer can also be added with solid impurities generated in the treatment process of the culture tail water, and the solid impurities need to be fermented by a zymophyte agent.
The fermentation inoculum is as follows: bacillus subtilis and azotobacter chroococcum.
Example 3
A method for preparing a carbon-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking soybean or corn straw, sugarcane filter mud, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves, and drying for later use;
(2) crushing soybean or corn straws, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves to 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, carrying out pyrolysis carbonization under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the carbonization temperature is 650 ℃, and keeping for 3 hours to obtain straw biochar;
(3) conveying the sugarcane filter mud to a carbonization furnace, and carbonizing for 3 hours at the temperature of 440 ℃ to obtain filter mud biochar;
(4) taking 4 parts of diatomite, 1.5 parts of cyclodextrin and 3 parts of lignin according to parts by weight, and adding water to prepare a coating solution;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the straw biochar obtained in the step (2) and the filter mud biochar obtained in the step (3), spraying the coating solution obtained in the step (4) to form a wet material with a coating layer, drying the wet material for 5min at 35 ℃ in a hot air condition, and then feeding the wet material into a granulator for granulation to obtain the carbon-based slow release fertilizer.
The carbon-based slow release fertilizer can also be added with solid impurities generated in the treatment process of the culture tail water, and the solid impurities need to be fermented by a zymophyte agent.
The fermentation inoculum is as follows: bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and azotobacter chroococcum.
Example 4
A closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation specifically comprises the following steps: soybeans are interplanted in a sugarcane field to realize income increase and yield increase; the soybean straw, the sugarcane filter mud, the sugarcane tail tips and the sugarcane leaves are used for preparing the carbon-based slow release fertilizer, and the carbon-based slow release fertilizer is applied to a sugarcane field; an aquaculture pond is arranged beside a sugarcane field and used for feeding tilapia, culture tail water generated by the aquaculture pond is directly used for irrigating the sugarcane field, or the culture tail water is treated to obtain upper-layer purified water for the culture pond, and simultaneously, obtained bottom-layer rich water is prepared into liquid fertilizer to be applied to the sugarcane field; the harvested soybeans are used for preparing aquatic feed and put into a culture pond, so that the cyclic utilization of resources is realized.
The method for interplanting soybeans in the sugarcane field comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: carrying out deep ploughing and soil preparation on sugarcane fields, and alternately ditching according to large row spacing and small row spacing, wherein the width of a ditch is 20cm, the depth is 30cm, the large row spacing is 1.5m, and the small row spacing is 1.0 m;
(2) sowing: planting sugarcane in 12 months to 3 months of the next year, firstly applying base fertilizer into a sugarcane field planting ditch, placing the sugarcane seeds in the ditch to form single row of sugarcane buds, covering soil, watering, and covering with a thin film for sealing; after the sugarcane grows out, sowing 2 rows of soybean seeds among large row spaces in 3 months, wherein the row space among the soybeans is 0.3 m;
(3) field management: during the growth period of the sugarcane, irrigating the sugarcane field with culture tail water or obtained bottom layer rich water as required, after the soybeans are harvested, intertilling and loosening the soil of the sugarcane field and applying carbon-based slow release fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 110 kg/mu;
(4) and (3) managing after harvesting: after the sugarcane is harvested at the end of the year, the sugarcane stalks are reserved for roots to continue growing, soybeans are continuously interplanted in the next year, the sugarcane field is renovated 2 years after the perennial root sugarcane is reserved for seeds, and new sugarcane seeds are replaced for continuous planting.
The treatment method of the aquaculture tail water comprises the following steps: filtering the culture tail water to remove solid impurities, putting the obtained water in a sedimentation and purification tank, and settling for 4h to obtain upper layer purified water which can be used for fish culture in the culture tank or irrigation of sugarcane fields, and obtain bottom layer rich water which can be used for irrigation of the sugarcane fields.
The preparation method of the carbon-based slow release fertilizer is shown as example 1.
Example 5
A closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation specifically comprises the following steps: interplanting corn in the sugarcane field to realize income increase and yield increase; the corn straw, the sugarcane filter mud, the sugarcane tail tips and the sugarcane leaves are used for preparing the carbon-based slow release fertilizer, and the carbon-based slow release fertilizer is applied to a sugarcane field; an aquaculture pond is arranged beside a sugarcane field and used for feeding tilapia, culture tail water generated by the aquaculture pond is directly used for irrigating the sugarcane field, or the culture tail water is treated to obtain upper-layer purified water for the culture pond, and simultaneously, obtained bottom-layer rich water is prepared into liquid fertilizer to be applied to the sugarcane field; the harvested corns are used for preparing aquatic feed and put into a culture pond, so that the resource recycling is realized.
The method for interplanting the corns in the sugarcane field comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: carrying out deep ploughing and soil preparation on sugarcane fields, and alternately ditching according to large row spacing and small row spacing, wherein the ditch width is 30cm, the depth is 35cm, the large row spacing is 2.2m, and the small row spacing is 1.2 m;
(2) sowing: planting sugarcane in 12 months to 3 months of the next year, firstly applying base fertilizer into a sugarcane field planting ditch, placing the sugarcane seeds in the ditch to form single row of sugarcane buds, covering soil, watering, and covering with a thin film for sealing; after the sugarcane grows out, sowing 2 rows of corn seeds between large row spaces in 4 months, wherein the row space between the corns is 0.6 m;
(3) field management: during the growth period of the sugarcane, irrigating the sugarcane field with culture tail water or obtained bottom layer rich water as required, after harvesting corns, intertillage and loosening the soil of the sugarcane field and applying carbon-based slow release fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 130 kg/mu;
(4) and (3) managing after harvesting: after the sugarcane is harvested at the end of the year, the sugarcane stalks are reserved for roots to continue growing, corn is continuously interplanted in the next year, the sugarcane field is renovated after the perennial root sugarcane is reserved for 3 years, and new sugarcane seeds are replaced for continuous planting.
The treatment method of the aquaculture tail water comprises the following steps: filtering the culture tail water to remove solid impurities, putting the obtained water in a sedimentation and purification tank, and settling for 6h to obtain upper layer purified water which can be used for fish culture in the culture tank or irrigation of sugarcane fields, and obtain bottom layer rich water which can be used for irrigation of the sugarcane fields.
The preparation method of the carbon-based slow release fertilizer is shown as example 2.
Example 6
A closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation specifically comprises the following steps: soybeans are interplanted in a sugarcane field to realize income increase and yield increase; the soybean straw, the sugarcane filter mud, the sugarcane tail tips and the sugarcane leaves are used for preparing the carbon-based slow release fertilizer, and the carbon-based slow release fertilizer is applied to a sugarcane field; an aquaculture pond is arranged beside a sugarcane field and used for feeding tilapia, culture tail water generated by the aquaculture pond is directly used for irrigating the sugarcane field, or the culture tail water is treated to obtain upper-layer purified water for the culture pond, and simultaneously, obtained bottom-layer rich water is prepared into liquid fertilizer to be applied to the sugarcane field; the harvested soybeans are used for preparing aquatic feed and put into a culture pond, so that the cyclic utilization of resources is realized.
The method for interplanting soybeans in the sugarcane field comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: carrying out deep ploughing and soil preparation on sugarcane fields, and alternately ditching according to large row spacing and small row spacing, wherein the ditch width is 25cm, the depth is 40cm, the large row spacing is 2.0m, and the small row spacing is 1.1 m;
(2) sowing: planting sugarcane in 12 months to 3 months of the next year, firstly applying base fertilizer into a sugarcane field planting ditch, placing the sugarcane seeds in the ditch to form single row of sugarcane buds, covering soil, watering, and covering with a thin film for sealing; after the sugarcane grows out, sowing 2 rows of soybean seeds among large row spaces in 3 months, wherein the row space among the soybeans is 0.4 m;
(3) field management: during the growth period of the sugarcane, irrigating the sugarcane field with culture tail water or obtained bottom layer rich water as required, after the soybeans are harvested, intertilling and loosening the soil of the sugarcane field and applying carbon-based slow release fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 150 kg/mu;
(4) and (3) managing after harvesting: after the sugarcane is harvested at the end of the year, the sugarcane stalks are reserved for roots to continue growing, soybeans are continuously interplanted in the next year, the sugarcane field is renovated after the perennial root sugarcane is reserved for 3 years, and new sugarcane seeds are replaced for continuous planting.
The treatment method of the aquaculture tail water comprises the following steps: filtering the culture tail water to remove solid impurities, putting the obtained water in a sedimentation and purification tank, and settling for 8 hours to obtain upper layer purified water which can be used for fish culture in the culture tank or irrigation of sugarcane fields, and obtain bottom layer rich water which can be used for irrigation of the sugarcane fields.
The preparation method of the carbon-based slow release fertilizer is shown in example 3.
The application example is as follows:
the method for combining the sugarcane field planting and the cultivation has been carried out on a small scale in suburbs of south-Guangxi province, and the test results are as follows.
1. Detection of slow release effect of carbon-based slow release fertilizer
The carbon-based slow release fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 3 were used to measure the nutrient release rates of the slow release fertilizers. The detection method comprises the following steps: and putting the slow release fertilizer with the same weight into a container, adding water for soaking, keeping the water temperature at 25 ℃, and respectively detecting the nutrient release rate of the slow release fertilizer soaked for different days, wherein the soaking time is 24 hours and 28 days.
Wherein, the nutrient release rate = (total nutrient provided for the slow release fertilizer-residual nutrient of the slow release fertilizer)/total nutrient provided for the slow release fertilizer is 100%. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 nutrient release rate of carbon-based slow release fertilizer soaked for 24h and 28 days
As can be seen from Table 1, the carbon-based slow release fertilizer of the invention has a good slow release effect.
2. By using the closed cycle agricultural mode of examples 4-6, the yield of both sugarcane and fish is increased, resulting in good economic benefits.
(1) The yield and performance parameters of the sugarcane are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 sugarcane yield and Performance parameters
As can be seen from Table 2, the sugarcane produced by the invention has higher yield, and the sugarcane has better performance parameters such as sugar content, average plant height, average stem diameter, single stem weight and the like, and is higher than the sugarcane planted by the conventional method.
(2) And (3) tilapia culture:
in 1 mu (666.7 m)2) 1 circular culture pond with the diameter of 8m and the water depth of 1.2m is built in the sugarcane field, and the water storage capacity is about 60m3And the air quantity of 1 matched air blower is 2.6m3The/min Roots blower is used for increasing oxygen in the culture pond, and 1 matched machine has the flow of 15m3The/h centrifugal water pump is used for pumping the culture tail water to irrigate the sugarcane field. An aeration ring pipe connected with the air outlet of the Roots blower is arranged on the inner wall of the culture pond, so that oxygen is added to water in the culture pond; the pneumatic propeller connected with the air outlet of the Roots blower is arranged on the inner wall of the culture pond and close to the water surface, so that pond water is pushed to rotate along the inner wall, the mobility of the pond water is increased, the amount of exercise of fish in the culture pond is increased, and the quality of fish is improved.
The water is drained in the culture pond 7-10 days before the fish seeds are put into the box, and certain algae are attached to the wall of the culture pond to prevent the fish bodies from being rubbed and damaged and improve the survival rate of the fish seeds. Selecting smooth and healthy fish with high male rate and specification of about 30 g/tailThe tilapia fries are soaked and washed by 5% of salt solution or 5-10 mg/L of potassium permanganate solution and then are placed into a culture pond. 3000 fish fries are put in the middle ten days of the month 4, and the stocking density is 50 tails/m3And (3) water. The Roots blower keeps continuous operation during cultivation so as to ensure that the water has enough oxygen dissolving amount; discharging fish manure and residual bait from the bottom of the culture pond for 1 time at a fixed time every day, and directly using the discharged tail water for irrigating a sugarcane field.
Feeding the feed 3 times a day, and feeding the feed 1 time each time at 9-10 am, 12-13 am and 5-6 pm each time; the daily dosage is 3 to 3.5 percent of the weight of the fish. Keeping the temperature of the water in the pool at 18-30 ℃, and performing proper fish disease prevention and control.
After tilapia is caught for the first time in 8 months, fry are thrown again and caught for 11-12 months, and thus two batches of tilapia can be cultured in one year. The culture statistics are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Fish culture yield
Table 3 shows that the yield of the fish culture of the invention is high, the yield and the survival rate of the fish are both high, the investment cost is low, and the fish culture income is higher than the sugarcane planting income. The method organically combines sugarcane planting with aquaculture, solves the problem of treatment of aquaculture tail water, reduces environmental protection pressure, can improve the yield of the sugarcane, greatly improves land income for planting the sugarcane, has great economic and social benefits, and has great significance for promoting the stability and development of the sucrose industry.
Claims (7)
1. The closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: soybean or corn is interplanted in the sugarcane field to realize income increase and yield increase; soybean or corn straw, sugarcane filter mud, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves are used for preparing the carbon-based slow release fertilizer, and the carbon-based slow release fertilizer is applied to a sugarcane field; an aquaculture pond is arranged beside a sugarcane field and used for breeding freshwater fish, breeding tail water generated by the aquaculture pond is directly used for irrigating the sugarcane field, or the breeding tail water is treated to obtain upper layer purified water for the breeding pond, and simultaneously, obtained bottom layer rich water is prepared into liquid fertilizer to be applied to the sugarcane field; the harvested soybeans or corns are used for preparing aquatic feeds and are put into a culture pond, so that the cyclic utilization of resources is realized.
2. The closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for interplanting the soybeans or the corns in the sugarcane field comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: carrying out deep ploughing and soil preparation on sugarcane fields, and alternately ditching according to large row spacing and small row spacing, wherein the width of a ditch is 20-30 cm, the depth is 30-45 cm, the large row spacing is 1.5-2.2 m, and the small row spacing is 1.0-1.2 m;
(2) sowing: planting sugarcane in 12 months to 3 months of the next year, firstly applying base fertilizer into a sugarcane field planting ditch, placing the sugarcane seeds in the ditch to form single row of sugarcane buds, covering soil, watering, and covering with a thin film for sealing; after the sugarcane grows out, sowing 1-2 rows of soybean or corn seeds between large row spaces in 3-4 months, wherein the row space between the soybeans is 0.3-0.4 m, and the row space between the corns is 0.5-0.6 m;
(3) field management: during the growth period of the sugarcane, irrigating the sugarcane field with culture tail water or obtained bottom layer rich water as required, after harvesting soybeans or corns, intertillage and loosening the soil of the sugarcane field and applying carbon-based slow release fertilizer, wherein the application amount is 100-150 kg/mu;
(4) and (3) managing after harvesting: after the sugarcane is harvested at the end of the year, the sugarcane stalks are reserved for roots to continue growing, soybeans or corns can continue to be interplanted in the next year, the sugarcane field is renovated 2-3 years after the perennial root sugarcane is reserved for seeds, and the new sugarcane seeds are changed for continuous planting.
3. The closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for preparing the carbon-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking soybean or corn straw, sugarcane filter mud, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves, and drying for later use;
(2) crushing soybean or corn straws, sugarcane tail tips and sugarcane leaves to 50-100 meshes, uniformly mixing, carrying out pyrolysis carbonization under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the carbonization temperature is 450-650 ℃, and keeping for 3-4 h to obtain straw biochar;
(3) conveying the sugarcane filter mud to a carbonization furnace, and carbonizing for 3-3.5 hours at the temperature of 400-440 ℃ to obtain filter mud biochar;
(4) adding water into 3-5 parts by weight of diatomite, 1-2 parts by weight of cyclodextrin and 2-3 parts by weight of lignin to prepare a coating solution;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the straw biochar obtained in the step (2) and the filter mud biochar obtained in the step (3), spraying the coating solution obtained in the step (4) to form a wet material with a coating layer, drying the wet material for 5-8 min at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and then feeding the wet material into a granulator for granulation to obtain the carbon-based slow release fertilizer.
4. The closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: the treatment method of the aquaculture tail water comprises the following steps: filtering the culture tail water to remove solid impurities, putting the obtained water in a sedimentation and purification tank, precipitating for 3-8 h to obtain upper-layer purified water which can be used for fish culture in the culture tank or irrigation of sugarcane fields, and using the obtained bottom-layer rich water for irrigation of the sugarcane fields.
5. The closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fish culture is one of tilapia, procymidone, yellow-bone fish and bighead carp.
6. The closed cycle agricultural mode construction method combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the carbon-based slow release fertilizer can also be added with solid impurities generated in the treatment process of the culture tail water, and the solid impurities need to be fermented by a zymophyte agent.
7. The method for constructing a closed-loop agricultural mode combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation inoculum is as follows: two or three of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and azotobacter chroococcum.
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