CN112970376A - Pelleting coating method for improving emergence rate and sowing suitability of small and miniature grass seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pelleting coating method for improving the emergence rate and sowing suitability of small and micro grass seeds, which comprises 49% of pelleting embryos, 49% of coating materials and 2% of binders by weight. The pill embryo is composed of a pill embryo kernel and a primary coating wrapped outside the kernel, the secondary coating is wrapped outside the pill embryo, and the small micro grass seeds are uniformly mixed in the secondary coating. The invention can be used for carrying out pelleting coating on seeds of small and micro grass seeds such as the plants of the palusta muelleri, the artemisia aetherifolia and the like, and the processed pelleted seeds have the characteristics of high compressive strength, short disintegration time, high seed yield, strong sowing adaptability and high integral uniformity, save better seeds and coating materials compared with the prior art and are suitable for industrial production.

Description

Pelleting coating method for improving emergence rate and sowing suitability of small and miniature grass seeds

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of seed coating and pelleting, and relates to a pelleting coating method for improving the emergence rate and sowing suitability of small and micro grass seeds.

Background

The seed coating technology is an important way for improving the technological content of seeds, standardizing improved seeds, realizing accurate sowing and lightening cultivation management. The seed pelleting coating is an agricultural high and new technology which is generated for adapting to the requirement of fine sowing, and the seed pelleting coating is a seed coating technology which is used for preparing seeds with uniform size, smooth surface and increased particle size by utilizing mechanical processing, can change the original shape and size of the seeds, enhances the sowing adaptability of the seeds and obviously improves the resistance of the seeds to adverse environment. A plurality of patents related to the seed pelleting and coating technology are published in China, wherein the patent number CN112189405A discloses a pelleting formula and a processing technology of salt-tolerant elytrigia repens seeds; CN112159268A discloses a pelleting composition and a pelleting method of German chamomile seeds; CN109042656B discloses an alfalfa seed pelleting formula and a preparation method thereof.

According to the physical properties of the coating, the seed pelleting coating can be divided into 5 types: heavy-duty pellets, encrusted coated, fast-growing pellets, flat pellets, and bunched pellets.

The heavy type pill refers to that small-sized seeds are granulated greatly, the quantity of the seed coating agent is increased to more than twice of the weight of the seeds, and the heavy type pill can meet the requirements of the small-sized seeds of tobacco, rape, beet, sesame, pasture, vegetables and the like. Encrustation type coatings, also called thick film coatings, the amount of seed coating required to be between 0.5 and 2 times the weight of the seed, is a coating technique between heavy-duty pill and film type coatings. The natural holes and depressions on the surface of the seeds are filled with the seed coating agent, so that the surface smoothness of the seeds is improved, and the fluidity of the seeds is improved. Fast-growing type pill is carried out the processing of vernalization to the seed before the seeding, later carries out the pelletization coating with the seed that has handled again, and will sow in ten days to fifteen days after the coating processing, is favorable to improving the vigor of germination and the germination percentage of seed like this, can select this technique in large-scale forest seed seeding work, can promote the efficiency of work and the regularity of guarantee emergence. The flat pill is mainly applied to seeds needing air seeding for seeding, such as pasture grass seeds and forest seeds, and the seeds which are originally fine and light in weight are made large and heavy, so that the influence of wind speed in the air seeding process is favorably reduced, the seeding accuracy and the stability of the seeds after falling to the ground are greatly improved, and the efficiency and the quality of the seeding work are ensured. Cluster pellets refer to the processing of multiple or multiple seeds into one pelletized seed, often used in flower bed lenses and potted arrangements of combination design.

The grass seeds such as the pelargonium graveolens, the artemisia aethiopica and the like are extremely fine, the seed coats are attached with natural hydrophilic seed coats, the seed agglomeration phenomenon is serious due to the adoption of the existing pelleting coating formula and technology, and the empty seed rate of the pelleted seeds is high; because the small-sized seeds have weak soil-jacking capability, the disintegration time is long when the heavy-duty pellets are prepared, the seedling emergence time is long, and the seedling emergence rate is low; when the cluster type pellets are prepared, the seeds on the outer layer of the pellets have quick seedling emergence and high seedling emergence rate, but the seeds on the inner layer have the phenomena of long seedling emergence time and low seedling emergence rate; under the existing coating process, agglomerated coating materials need to be screened and separated during pelleting coating, then are dried, crushed and reused, and the agglomerated materials are inevitably mixed with grass seeds to cause waste.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pelleting coating method for improving the emergence rate and sowing suitability of small and miniature grass seeds, which can overcome the defects of low germination rate, low compressive strength and long disintegration time of the existing grass seed coating pills and avoid the problems of high seed missing rate, high loss and low overall uniformity of the small and miniature seed coating pills.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a pill coating for improving the emergence rate and sowing property of small and micro grass seeds comprises 49% of pill blank, 49% of coating material and 2% of binder by weight; the core of the pill blank comprises, by weight, 30% of bentonite, 10% of weathered coal, 30% of talcum powder and 30% of biogas residue; the primary coating comprises 20 percent of bentonite and 80 percent of talcum powder by weight; the pellet blank is coated with a secondary coating, and the secondary coating comprises 25 percent of bentonite and 75 percent of talcum powder by weight; the binder is polyvinyl formal adhesive, and the small and micro grass seeds are doped in the secondary coating.

A method for producing said coating, comprising the steps of:

1) preparing an inner core of a pill blank: and (2) crushing the weathered coal particles and the biogas residues to 200 meshes by using a crusher, wherein the weight ratio is 30%: 30%: 10%: adding bentonite, talcum powder, weathered coal and biogas residue into a stirrer according to the proportion of 30 percent, stirring for 5min, fully premixing, continuously adding water by using an electric sprayer until the materials are wet and can be kneaded into lumps without flowing water, stopping adding water until the materials are granulated, and drying the prepared pellet embryo kernel for later use;

2) preparing a pill blank, comprising the following steps: the kernel of the dried pill blank is sieved by a linear sieve, the upper sieve mesh is 4.0mm, the lower sieve mesh is 3.5mm, and the middle part is taken for standby application, wherein the weight ratio is 20%: premixing bentonite and talcum powder in advance to form powder for standby application in a proportion of 80%, putting a pill blank core into a seed coating and pelleting machine, firstly, uniformly spraying a binder aqueous solution to the pill blank core, wherein the binder aqueous solution is a polyvinyl formal glue aqueous solution with the concentration of 15%, then, putting the premixed powder, continuously and alternately repeating the steps for multiple times, and drying the prepared pill blank for standby application;

3) carrying out secondary coating, and the working procedures are as follows: 25% by weight: and (2) premixing bentonite and talcum powder in a powder state in advance according to a proportion of 75%, premixing small grass seeds into the powder in the step (3), putting the pill blank prepared in the step (2) into a seed coating pill machine, turning on an atomizing motor, adding a binder aqueous solution, wherein the binder aqueous solution is a polyvinyl formal glue aqueous solution with the concentration of 15%, adding the powder in the step (3) premixed in advance, repeating the step for multiple times until all the powder is put into the machine, spraying a polyvinyl formal adhesive for the last time, taking out the pill seeds, drying, sealing, packaging and storing.

The invention introduces the concept of the pill embryo on the pelleting process, adopts the process of 'preparing the kernel of the pill embryo → sieving and separating → preparing the pill embryo by primary coating → secondary coating', the seeds only exist in the secondary coating material, can ensure that all the small-sized seeds are positioned at the outer layer of the pill, can reduce the seedling emergence time of the seeds and improve the seedling emergence rate, simultaneously effectively reduces the seed waste in the pelleting process, and shows the technical progress.

Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1. the seeds are only present in the coating layers of the secondary coating, and the germination of the seeds is not influenced; 2. precision seeding can be achieved by calculating the cleanliness of seeds and thousands of seeds of the shot embryos; 3. the overall uniformity is high, and the seeding adaptability of the pelleted seeds is stronger; 4. the sieving step is advanced, unqualified pill blanks and the coating materials stuck to the pan in the processing process can be crushed and re-granulated, so that the waste of the coating materials and seeds is avoided.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a pelletized coating of the present invention.

Detailed Description

A pill coating for improving the emergence rate and sowing property of small and micro grass seeds comprises 49% of pill blank, 49% of coating material and 2% of binder by weight; the coating material is divided into a primary coating and a secondary coating. As shown in figure 1, the pill blank consists of a pill blank inner core 1 and a primary coating 2 coated outside the inner core, wherein the pill blank inner core 1 comprises 30 percent by weight of bentonite, 10 percent by weight of weathered coal, 30 percent by weight of talcum powder and 30 percent by weight of biogas residue; the primary coating 2 comprises 20 percent of bentonite and 80 percent of talcum powder by weight; the pellet blank is wrapped by a secondary coating 3, and the secondary coating 3 comprises 25% of bentonite and 75% of talcum powder by weight; the binder is polyvinyl formal adhesive, and each secondary coating 3 of the pelleting coating contains 3-5 small micro grass seeds 4. The small micro grass seeds 4 are seeds of artemisia aeerosa or seeds of artemisia palustris.

A method for producing said coating, comprising the steps of:

1) preparing an inner core of a pill blank: and (2) crushing the weathered coal particles and the biogas residues to 200 meshes by using a crusher, wherein the weight ratio is 30%: 30%: 10%: adding bentonite, talcum powder, weathered coal and biogas residue into a stirrer according to the proportion of 30 percent, stirring for 5min, fully premixing, continuously adding water by using an electric sprayer until the materials are wet and can be kneaded into lumps without flowing water, stopping adding water until the materials are granulated, and drying the prepared pellet embryo kernel for later use;

2) preparing a pill blank, comprising the following steps: the kernel of the dried pill blank is sieved by a linear sieve, the upper sieve mesh is 4.0mm, the lower sieve mesh is 3.5mm, and the middle part is taken for standby application, wherein the weight ratio is 20%: premixing bentonite and talcum powder in advance to form powder for standby application in a proportion of 80%, putting a pill blank core into a seed coating and pelleting machine, firstly, uniformly spraying a binder aqueous solution to the pill blank core, wherein the binder aqueous solution is a polyvinyl formal glue aqueous solution with the concentration of 15%, then, putting the premixed powder, continuously and alternately repeating the steps for multiple times, and drying the prepared pill blank for standby application;

3) carrying out secondary coating, and the working procedures are as follows: 25% by weight: and (2) premixing bentonite and talcum powder in a proportion of 75% in advance to form powder, premixing the small grass seeds into the powder in the step (3), putting the pill blank prepared in the step (2) into a seed coating pill machine, turning on an atomizing motor, adding a binder aqueous solution, wherein the binder aqueous solution is a polyvinyl formal glue aqueous solution with the concentration of 15%, adding the powder premixed in the step (3) in advance, repeating the step for multiple times until the powder is completely put into the machine, spraying a polyvinyl formal adhesive for the last time, taking out the pill seeds, drying, sealing, packaging and storing.

Claims (3)

1. A pill coating for improving the emergence rate and sowing suitability of small and miniature grass seeds is characterized in that: the coating comprises 49% of pill blank, 49% of coating material and 2% of binder according to the weight parts of the components; the core of the pill blank comprises, by weight, 30% of bentonite, 10% of weathered coal, 30% of talcum powder and 30% of biogas residue; the primary coating comprises 20 percent of bentonite and 80 percent of talcum powder by weight; the pellet blank is coated with a secondary coating, and the secondary coating comprises 25 percent of bentonite and 75 percent of talcum powder by weight; the binder is polyvinyl formal adhesive, and the small and micro grass seeds are doped in the secondary coating.

2. A method for producing the coating of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) preparing an inner core of a pill blank: and (2) crushing the weathered coal particles and the biogas residues to 200 meshes by using a crusher, wherein the weight ratio is 30%: 30%: 10%: adding bentonite, talcum powder, weathered coal and biogas residue into a stirrer according to the proportion of 30 percent, stirring for 5min, fully premixing, continuously adding water by using an electric sprayer until the materials are wet and can be kneaded into lumps without flowing water, stopping adding water until the materials are granulated, and drying the prepared pellet embryo kernel for later use;

2) preparing a pill blank, comprising the following steps: the kernel of the dried pill blank is sieved by a linear sieve, the upper sieve mesh is 4.0mm, the lower sieve mesh is 3.5mm, and the middle part is taken for standby application, wherein the weight ratio is 20%: premixing bentonite and talcum powder in advance to form powder for standby application in a proportion of 80%, putting a pill blank core into a seed coating and pelleting machine, firstly, uniformly spraying a binder aqueous solution to the pill blank core, wherein the binder aqueous solution is a polyvinyl formal glue aqueous solution with the concentration of 15%, then, putting the premixed powder, continuously and alternately repeating the steps for multiple times, and drying the prepared pill blank for standby application;

3) carrying out secondary coating, and the working procedures are as follows: 25% by weight: and (2) premixing bentonite and talcum powder in a powder state in advance according to a proportion of 75%, premixing small grass seeds into the powder in the step (3), putting the pill blank prepared in the step (2) into a seed coating pill machine, turning on an atomizing motor, adding a binder aqueous solution, wherein the binder aqueous solution is a polyvinyl formal glue aqueous solution with the concentration of 15%, adding the powder in the step (3) premixed in advance, repeating the step for multiple times until all the powder is put into the machine, spraying a polyvinyl formal adhesive for the last time, taking out the pill seeds, drying, sealing, packaging and storing.

3. Pelletised coating and production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that: the small micro grass seeds are seeds of artemisia aeerocephala or seeds of artemisia anoplocalyx.

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