CN111763114A - Water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111763114A CN111763114A CN202010628323.0A CN202010628323A CN111763114A CN 111763114 A CN111763114 A CN 111763114A CN 202010628323 A CN202010628323 A CN 202010628323A CN 111763114 A CN111763114 A CN 111763114A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/35—Capsules, e.g. core-shell
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of biochemical potassium fulvate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of potassium nitrate and 5-10 parts of auxiliary agent. The biochemical fulvic acid potassium of the water-retaining fertilizer prepared by the invention has the characteristics of good water-retaining effect, repeated water absorption and water release and the like. Meanwhile, the fertilizer has the effects of controlling the opening degree of leaf pores of crops, reducing transpiration, simultaneously not damaging the pH value of soil, improving the utilization rate of nutrients and improving the soil; through a large number of experiments, the inventor discovers that the water retention capacity of the fertilizer can be improved after salicylic acid and amino acid are added, the degradation speed of the fertilizer is improved, and the structure of soil cannot be damaged; according to the preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer, the fertilizer is designed into a structure with the inner core and the outer core, so that the strength of the fertilizer can be improved, the nutrient utilization rate can be improved, and the water-retaining fertilizer has a good water-retaining effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Drought is the first disaster that compromises agricultural and animal husbandry production, meteorological conditions affect crop distribution, growth and development, yield and quality development, and moisture conditions are the primary conditions that determine the type of agricultural development. Drought is the most serious meteorological disaster affecting agricultural production in China due to high occurrence frequency, long duration, wide influence range and large delay influence.
With the rapid development of economic society, insufficient water resources become bottlenecks restricting agricultural development, the problems of grain safety and ecological environment safety are increasingly prominent, the sustainable development of agriculture faces serious challenges, and meanwhile, the water resources in China are insufficient, the agricultural water accounts for more than 75% of the total water, and more than 90% of the total water is irrigation water. Because of the traditional modes of unscientific furrow irrigation, flood irrigation and the like, the utilization rate of agricultural water in China is less than half of that in developed countries. In recent years, large-area drought occurs in the north and south of China for many times, so that the development, application and popularization of products with water retention function are indispensable in agricultural production.
The product with water retention property has hydrophilic property, can absorb water which is dozens to hundreds times higher than the product per se in a short time, can release water in a soil when drought occurs, can improve the soil structure and improve the water retention property of the soil, thereby reducing the loss of rainwater and nutrients, maintaining the soil fertility and creating a soil water and fertilizer microenvironment beneficial to the growth of crop root systems, which is also called a soil micro reservoir; the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is improved, the drought and water shortage are solved, the crop yield is continuously improved, and the crop quality is improved.
At present, a lot of medium water-retaining fertilizers exist in the market, but the existing water-retaining fertilizers are not easy to degrade and are easy to cause the defects of the increase of the pH value of soil, the damage of the soil structure and the like; the existing water-retaining fertilizer is mainly added with functional polymer materials, is difficult to degrade and cannot be sprayed.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate and the preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of biochemical potassium fulvate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of potassium nitrate and 5-10 parts of auxiliary agent.
Further, the fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 55 parts of biochemical potassium fulvate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium nitrate and 7.5 parts of auxiliary agent.
Further, the fertilizer also comprises 5-10 parts of sodium salicylate and 10-20 parts of amino acid.
Further, 7.5 parts of sodium salicylate and 15 parts of amino acid.
Further, the amino acid is aspartic acid or glutamic acid.
The amino acid of the invention can not only increase the fertility of the soil, but also adjust the pH value of the soil, and the amino acid of the invention adopts commercially available raw materials.
Further, the auxiliary agent comprises 1-2 parts of diatomite and 4-8 parts of water.
The particle size of the diatomite is 120-180 meshes, so that the diatomite can uniformly adsorb nutrient substances and water on the surface, prolong the release time of the nutrient substances and the water, enhance the water retention capacity of the soil, adjust the pH value of the soil, improve the pH value of the soil and supplement calcium, magnesium and other ions in the soil.
The biochemical fulvic acid potassium applies modern biotechnology, and takes plant slag as raw material, and successfully prepares the coal-like fulvic acid substance, namely the high-activity biochemical fulvic acid potassium through biological fermentation. The biochemical potassium fulvate has colloidal organic substances, can loosen soil, has large water absorption amount, is applied to water-retaining fertilizers, and has the characteristics of good water-retaining effect, repeated water absorption and water release and the like. Meanwhile, the plant foliar fertilizer also has the functions of controlling the opening degree of leaf stomata of crops and reducing transpiration.
Through a large number of experiments, the inventor finds that the water retention capacity of the fertilizer can be improved after the salicylic acid and the amino acid are added, the degradation speed of the fertilizer is improved, and the structure of soil cannot be damaged.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight of the raw materials for later use;
(2) crushing urea and potassium nitrate, adding an auxiliary agent, uniformly mixing, granulating to form an inner core, and airing;
(3) adding a proper amount of biochemical fulvic acid potassium or biochemical fulvic acid potassium, sodium salicylate and amino acid into water to swell, coating the core with the biochemical fulvic acid potassium or biochemical fulvic acid potassium, performing secondary granulation to form an outer core, and drying in the air to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical fulvic acid potassium.
Furthermore, the grain diameter of the crushed urea and potassium nitrate in the step (2) is 0.06-0.09 mm.
Furthermore, the grain diameter of the inner core in the step (2) is 1.2-1.8 mm.
Further, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the total mass of the biochemical potassium fulvate, the sodium salicylate and the amino acid to the water is 20-30:1 or the mass ratio of the biochemical potassium fulvate to the water is 16-20: 1.
Further, the grain size of the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate in the step (3) is 2.5-3.5 mm.
The inner core and the finally prepared fertilizer particles have the grain sizes, so that the degradation rate of the fertilizer can be improved, and the absorption rate of the soil to the fertilizer can be improved.
According to the preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer, the fertilizer is designed into a structure with the inner core and the outer core, so that the strength of the fertilizer can be improved, the nutrient utilization rate can be improved, and the water-retaining fertilizer has a good water-retaining effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the water-retaining fertilizer prepared by the invention utilizes organic substances with colloid properties of the biochemical potassium fulvate, can loosen soil and absorb a large amount of water, is applied to the water-retaining fertilizer, and has the characteristics of good water-retaining effect, repeated water absorption and water release and the like. The fertilizer prepared by the invention can not damage the pH value of soil, can improve the utilization rate of nutrients, and improve the soil;
(2) through a large number of experiments, the inventor discovers that the water retention capacity of the fertilizer can be improved after salicylic acid and amino acid are added, the degradation speed of the fertilizer is improved, and the structure of soil cannot be damaged;
(3) according to the preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer, the fertilizer is designed into a structure with the inner core and the outer core, so that the strength of the fertilizer can be improved, the nutrient utilization rate can be improved, and the water-retaining fertilizer has a good water-retaining effect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate of the embodiment comprises the following raw materials: 50kg of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 20kg of urea, 10kg of potassium nitrate and 10kg of auxiliary agent, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises 1kg of diatomite and 9kg of water.
The preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight of the raw materials for later use;
(2) crushing urea and potassium nitrate, adding an auxiliary agent, uniformly mixing, granulating to form an inner core, wherein the particle size of the inner core is 1.2mm, and airing;
(3) adding a proper amount of water to swell the biochemical potassium fulvate, wherein the mass ratio of the biochemical potassium fulvate to the water is 20:1, the amino acid is aspartic acid, coating the biochemical potassium fulvate on the inner core, performing secondary granulation to form an outer core, and drying in the air to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate, wherein the particle size of the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate is 2.5 mm.
Example 2
The water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate of the embodiment comprises the following raw materials: 55kg of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 15kg of urea, 15kg of potassium nitrate and 7.5kg of auxiliary agent, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises 1.5kg of diatomite and 6kg of water.
The preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight of the raw materials for later use;
(2) crushing urea and potassium nitrate, adding an auxiliary agent, uniformly mixing, granulating to form a kernel, wherein the particle size of the kernel is 1.5mm, and airing;
(3) adding a proper amount of water to swell the biochemical potassium fulvate, wherein the mass ratio of the biochemical potassium fulvate to the water is 18:1, the amino acid is glutamic acid, coating the core, performing secondary granulation to form an outer core, and drying in the air to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate, wherein the particle size of the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate is 3 mm.
Example 3
The water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate of the embodiment comprises the following raw materials: 60kg of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 10kg of urea, 20kg of potassium nitrate and 5kg of auxiliary agent, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises 1kg of diatomite and 4kg of water.
The preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight of the raw materials for later use;
(2) crushing urea and potassium nitrate, adding an auxiliary agent, uniformly mixing, granulating to form an inner core, wherein the particle size of the inner core is 1.8mm, and airing;
(3) adding a proper amount of water to swell the biochemical potassium fulvate, wherein the mass ratio of the biochemical potassium fulvate to the water is 16:1, the amino acid is aspartic acid, coating the biochemical potassium fulvate on the inner core, performing secondary granulation to form an outer core, and drying in the air to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate, wherein the particle size of the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvate is 3.5 mm.
Example 4
The raw materials and the preparation method of the novel water-retaining fertilizer of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that the raw materials also comprise 5kg of salicylic acid and 20kg of aspartic acid, and the mass ratio of the total mass of the biochemical fulvic acid potassium, the sodium salicylate and the aspartic acid to the water in the step (3) of the preparation method is 20: 1.
Example 5
The raw materials and the preparation method of the novel water-retaining fertilizer of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that the raw materials also comprise 7.5kg of salicylic acid and 15kg of aspartic acid, and the mass ratio of the total mass of the biochemical fulvic acid potassium, the sodium salicylate and the aspartic acid to the water in the step (3) of the preparation method is 25: 1.
Example 6
The raw materials and the preparation method of the novel water-retaining fertilizer of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that the raw materials also comprise 10kg of salicylic acid and 10kg of glutamic acid, and the mass ratio of the total mass of the potassium fulvic acid, the sodium salicylate and the glutamic acid to the water in the step (3) of the preparation method is 30: 1.
Comparative example 1
The raw materials and the preparation method of the novel water-retaining fertilizer of the comparative example are the same as those of example 5, except that aspartic acid is not added to the raw materials.
Comparative example 2
The raw materials and the preparation method of the novel water-retaining fertilizer of the comparative example are the same as those of the example 5, except that sodium salicylate is not added in the raw materials.
Comparative example 3
The raw materials and the preparation method of the novel water-retaining fertilizer of the comparative example are the same as those of the example 5, except that the preparation method comprises the steps of directly mixing the raw materials and granulating to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.
Test example 1
Nine pieces of soil with the same drought degree are selected, a test group and a control group are respectively arranged, the test group is respectively applied with the water-retaining fertilizers prepared in examples 1-6 and is recorded as a test group 1-6, the control group is respectively applied with the fertilizers prepared in comparative examples 1-3 and is recorded as a control group 1-3, 80kg of fertilizer is applied to each mu, the fertilizer is applied to the surface layer of the soil for 10-30cm, nine pieces of land are identical in production management, a blank group is not applied with any fertilizer, the water content, the soil pH value, the organic matter content and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the soil are measured after half a year, and the results are shown in table.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the test groups 4-6, the water content, the soil pH value, the organic matter content and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the test groups 4-6 are better than those of the test groups 1-3 in the test groups 1-3, so that the water retention capacity of the fertilizer can be improved due to the addition of the amino acid and the sodium salicylate, the degradation speed of the fertilizer is improved, and the structure of the soil is not damaged; and the data of the control groups 1 and 2 also show that the effect of adding the amino acid or the sodium salicylate independently is different from the effect of adding both the amino acid and the sodium salicylate, which shows that the raw materials of the invention have synergistic effect and have the effects of high water content, soil pH value, organic matter content and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. According to the comparison of the data of the control group 3 and the data of the test groups 1-6, the fertilizer is designed into a structure with an inner core and an outer core, so that the strength of the fertilizer can be improved, the utilization rate of nutrients can be improved, and the water retention effect is better.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of biochemical potassium fulvate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of potassium nitrate and 5-10 parts of auxiliary agent.
2. The water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 55 parts of biochemical potassium fulvate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium nitrate and 7.5 parts of auxiliary agent.
3. The water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical fulvic acid potassium according to claim 1, further comprising 5-10 parts of sodium salicylate and 10-20 parts of amino acid, preferably 7.5 parts of sodium salicylate and 15 parts of amino acid.
4. The water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate according to claim 3, wherein the amino acid is aspartic acid or glutamic acid.
5. The water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the auxiliary agent comprises 1-2 parts of diatomite and 4-8 parts of water.
6. A preparation method of a water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight of the raw materials for later use;
(2) crushing urea and potassium nitrate, adding an auxiliary agent, uniformly mixing, granulating to form an inner core, and airing;
(3) adding a proper amount of biochemical fulvic acid potassium or biochemical fulvic acid potassium, sodium salicylate and amino acid into water to swell, coating the core with the biochemical fulvic acid potassium or biochemical fulvic acid potassium, performing secondary granulation to form an outer core, and drying in the air to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical fulvic acid potassium.
7. The method for preparing a novel water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the particle size of the crushed urea and potassium nitrate in the step (2) is 0.06-0.09 mm.
8. The method for preparing a novel water-retaining fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the particle size of the inner core in step (2) is 1.2-1.8 mm.
9. The preparation method of the novel water-retaining fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of the biochemical potassium fulvate, the sodium salicylate and the amino acid to the water in the step (3) is 20-30:1 or the mass ratio of the biochemical potassium fulvate to the water is 16-20: 1.
10. The preparation method of the novel water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the particle size of the water-retaining fertilizer containing the biochemical potassium fulvic acid in the step (3) is 2.5-3.5 mm.
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| CN202010628323.0A CN111763114A (en) | 2020-07-02 | 2020-07-02 | Water-retaining fertilizer containing biochemical potassium fulvate and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114656307A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-24 | 河北民族师范学院 | Multifunctional biochar-based slow-release coated fertilizer, preparation method and application method |
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Application publication date: 20201013 |