CN112962326A - 一种芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法 - Google Patents

一种芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法 Download PDF

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CN112962326A
CN112962326A CN202110149255.4A CN202110149255A CN112962326A CN 112962326 A CN112962326 A CN 112962326A CN 202110149255 A CN202110149255 A CN 202110149255A CN 112962326 A CN112962326 A CN 112962326A
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aramid fiber
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郭亚飞
梁高勇
郝新敏
王焰
方军
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Institute of Quartermaster Engineering Technology Institute of Systems Engineering Academy of Military Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法。所述芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法包括如下步骤:S1、等离子体处理芳纶纤维布;S2、在经步骤S1改性后的所述芳纶纤维布上刮涂树脂浆料,即实现对所述芳纶纤维布的染色性能的提高;所述等离子体处理为氧等离子体处理或氮等离子体处理。本发明方法适用于国产对位和间位芳纶纤维布(芳纶1313和芳纶1414)以及国外进口芳纶纤维布的染色改性,经染色后的芳纶布可应用于军事伪装防护、武器盖布、特种织物和服装的制造中。本发明芳纶纤维布染色性能改进方法可保持芳纶纤维布的阻燃、高强性能,并大幅度提高了芳纶纤维布的染料上染率,增强了染料与芳纶布间的结合牢度和染色布的耐皂洗能力。

Description

一种芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法,属于纤维材料制备技术领域。
背景技术
芳香族聚酰胺纤维(简称为芳纶)是一种人工合成的有机高性能纤维,具有低密度、高力学强度、高化学稳定性以及耐热、阻燃、绝缘等优异的性能,使其广泛应用于航空航天、消防、高强绳索、国防军工材料和一些特殊的服装领域等。从结构上看,芳纶分子链中含有大量的芳香环和酰胺键,所以其分子链显示出较强的刚性和分子间存在较大的氢键作用力,这使得芳纶纤维结构紧密、表面光滑,具有较高的结晶度和玻璃化转变温度,这些性质也导致了芳纶织物染色的困难,从而在一定程度上限制了芳纶的应用。
芳纶纤维的表面改性是提升其染色性能的重要方法。常见的表面改性方法有:表面接枝法(硝化、氯磺化等)、酸或碱刻蚀以及物理改性(等离子体改性、高能射线辐射处理和表面涂层)等。虽然表面改性被证实可以提高芳纶纤维的染色能力,但其色牢度、染色深度等性能仍有待提高。这主要是由于改性大部分只发生于纤维表面,而内部未被改性的部分仍然较难染色。因此需要提供一种新的芳纶纤维的表面改性方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法,将等离子体改性和树脂改性相结合,通过等离子处理引入的极性基团和粗糙表面,增强芳纶纤维与树脂的界面结合强度,克服了现有技术中芳纶纤维布难以染色等缺陷。
本发明所提供的芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、等离子体处理芳纶纤维布;
S2、在经步骤S1改性后的所述芳纶纤维布上刮涂树脂浆料,即实现对所述芳纶纤维布的染色性能的提高。
上述的染色性能改进方法中,步骤S1中,所述等离子体处理可为氧等离子体处理或氮等离子体处理;
所述等离子体处理的条件如下:
功率为60~450W,时间为5~60分钟。
上述的染色性能改进方法中,步骤S2中,所述树脂浆料的用量为2~10g/m2,如8g/m2
所述树脂浆料由树脂与助剂分散于溶剂中得到;
所述树脂与所述助剂的质量比可为20:3~6,如20:4;
所述溶剂的用量为3~30ml/g所述树脂,如10ml/g;
所述树脂和所述助剂分散于所述溶剂中后,在800~1500r/min的速度下高速分散5~15min得到所述树脂浆料。
所述树脂可为聚氨酯、环氧树脂、三元乙丙橡胶和丁苯橡胶中至少一种,具体的树脂种类和助剂添加根据实际需求进行选择,以使得后续的染料能嵌入至树脂及芳纶布内部,达到提高芳纶纤维布染色性能的目的;
所述助剂可为阻燃剂、分散剂、消泡剂、流平剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂和抗氧剂中至少一种;
所述阻燃剂可为溴系阻燃剂、磷氮系阻燃剂和/或氮系阻燃剂;
所述溴系阻燃剂可为十溴二苯乙烷、溴化聚苯乙烯,所述磷氮系阻燃剂可为DPR、红磷,所述氮系阻燃剂可为MCA或三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐;
所述分散剂可为脂肪酸类分散剂或石蜡类分散剂;
所述脂肪酸类分散剂可为核心化学Disuper S27和/或斯洛柯silok7117W;
所述消泡剂可为聚硅氧烷类消泡剂或聚醚类消泡剂;
所述聚硅氧烷类消泡剂可为中联邦B313和/或斯洛柯silok4019,所述聚醚类消泡剂可为德丰DF-1587和/或DF-1561;
所述流平剂可为有机硅型流平剂或丙烯酸酯型流平剂;
所述有机硅型流平剂可为BYK333和/或BYK346,所述丙烯酸酯型流平剂可为科盈KYC-616和/或KYC-617;
所述紫外线吸收剂可为苯并三唑类吸收剂、二苯甲酮类吸收剂和/或三嗪类吸收剂;
所述苯并三唑类吸收剂可为Tinuvin 234和/或Tinuvin 326,所述二苯甲酮类吸收剂可为UV-531和/或UV-284,所述三嗪类吸收剂可为TINUVIN 477和/或UV1164;
所述光稳定剂可为有机镍螯合物;
所述有机镍螯合物可为UV2002和/或AM1O1;
所述抗氧剂可为自由基捕捉剂和/或氢过氧化物分解剂;
所述自由基捕捉剂可为1010和/或Revonox 501,所述氢过氧化物分解剂可为Revonox 608和/或Irgafos168。
所述溶剂可为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环已酮和/或丁酯。
本发明提供的芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法,包括等离子体表面处理和树脂表面改性两个步骤;其中,经等离子体表面处理后,芳纶纤维表面会形成一层亲水或亲油的基团;树脂表面改性后形成的涂层,一方面作为中间界面层,提高染色染料与芳纶布间的结合力,另一方面为染料染色提供良好的基底层,将浸染或轧染的染料浸入纤维与树脂内容,进一步提高染色的牢度和耐环境性能。
经本发明方法改性的芳纶纤维布进行染色时,可采用浸染或轧染的染色方式,可在常规的染色条件进行染色,适用于如下染料:
分散染料、活性染料、酸性染料、还原染料、阳离子染料或者溶剂染料;
可采用本领域常规的染料,如:
所述分散染料可为英彩休红A-2GN、英彩休金黄A-UG、英彩休蓝A-2G或英彩休黑A-DP;
所述活性染料可为活性红KN-8B、活性黄KN-GR、活性蓝KN-R或活性黑KN-G2RC;
所述酸性染料可为依索伦红NHF-S、依索伦黄NHF-S、依索伦蓝NHF-S或依索伦灰NHF-S;
所述还原染料可为还原大红R、还原黄REEL/G、还原深兰VB或还原黑GM;
所述阳离子染料可为阳离子红X-5GN、阳离子黄X-5GL、阳离子蓝X-GRRL或阳离子黑X-RL;
所述溶剂染料可为耐晒大红BBN、永固黄2GS、蓝R或奥丽素黑X45。
本发明方法适用于国产对位和间位芳纶纤维布(芳纶1313和芳纶1414)以及国外进口芳纶纤维布的染色改性,经染色后的芳纶布可应用于军事伪装防护、武器盖布、特种织物和服装的制造中。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明提供的芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法,包括等离子体表面处理和树脂表面改性两个步骤,其中等离子体表面处理可在芳纶纤维布表面形成良好的亲水、亲油界面,且对纤维布的力学强度没有影响,能够使后续的树脂良好粘附于芳纶纤维布表面;
2、本发明提供的芳纶纤维布染色性能改进方法,可保持芳纶纤维布的阻燃、高强性能,并大幅度提高了芳纶纤维布的染料上染率,增强了染料与芳纶布间的结合牢度和染色布的耐皂洗能力;
3、本发明提供的芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法工艺简单,适用于国产对位和间位芳纶纤维布以及国外进口芳纶纤维布的大批量染色改性,且制备得到的染色芳纶布可应用于军事伪装防护、武器盖布、特种织物和服装的制造中,用该方法改进的芳纶纤维布耐摩擦性能优异和环境适应性好。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中经等离子体改性处理的间位芳纶布扫描电镜图。
图2为本发明实施例1中经树脂表面改性的间位芳纶布扫描电镜图。
图3为本发明实施例1中经等离子体改性处理的间位芳纶布的X射线光电子能谱图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
本发明提供的芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将需处理芳纶布置于等离子体处理仪,调整等离子体处理功率为60~450W,处理时间为5~60分钟,得到等离子体处理后的芳纶布;
S2:按质量比20:(3~6)称取树脂和助剂,在800~1500r/min的速度下高速分散5~15min,得到树脂浆料,在等离子体改性的芳纶布上采用刮涂的方法,得到最终改性处理的芳纶布料。
优选地,所述等离子体处理为氧等离子体或氮等离子体表面处。
优选地,所述树脂表面改性步骤采用的成膜物质(树脂)为聚胺脂、环氧树脂、三元乙丙橡胶、丁苯橡胶中至少一种,经过树脂改性后,染料染色过程中能够渗入纤维内部或树脂内部,提高染料与芳纶纤维间的结合力。
优选地,所述树脂表面改性步骤采用的助剂包括阻燃剂、分散剂、消泡剂、流平剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂和抗氧剂,加入这些助剂后,芳纶纤维布保持良好的阻燃性能、耐环境适应性、优异的力学性能及表观质量。对应相关标准涂层耐日晒牢度达到3级以上,阻燃性能达到离火自熄、阴燃5秒以内,耐干摩擦色牢度达到4级以上。
本发明提供的芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法,工艺简单,适用于国产对位和间位芳纶纤维布以及国外进口芳纶纤维布的大批量染色改性,且制备得到的染色芳纶布可应用于军事伪装防护、武器盖布、特种织物和服装的制造中。
实施例1、芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进
S1:将芳纶1313纤维布置于氧等离子体处理仪,调整等离子体处理功率为300W,处理时间为20分钟,得到氧等离子体处理后的芳纶布,其扫描电镜照片如图1所示。
S2:按质量比20:4称取树脂(聚氨酯)和助剂,然后分散于溶剂DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中(用量为8ml/g聚氨酯)中,在1000r/min的速度下高速分散10min,得到树脂浆料,在等离子体改性的芳纶布上采用刮涂的方法刮涂树脂浆料,用量为6g/m2,得到最终改性处理的芳纶布料,其扫描电镜照片如图2所示。
其中,助剂包括阻燃剂、分散剂、消泡剂、流平剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂和抗氧剂,其质量比为10:1:1:1:2:0.5:1,其中,阻燃剂为溴系阻燃剂(溴化聚苯乙烯),分散剂为石蜡类分散剂,消泡剂为聚硅氧烷类消泡剂(中联邦B313),流平剂为有机硅型流平剂(BYK333),紫外线吸收剂为苯并三唑类吸收剂(Tinuvin 234)、二苯甲酮类吸收剂(UV-531)与三嗪类吸收剂(TINUVIN 477)的混合物,三者配比为(3:2:1),光稳定剂为有机镍螯合物(UV2002),抗氧剂为自由基捕捉剂(Revonox501)。
由图1可以看出,臭氧等离子体处理没有破坏纤维的整体结构,芳纶纤维织物仍完好的保存了纤维结构(左图),进一步放大观察倍数(右图)发现,纤维表面变得粗糙,进而提高与树脂等材料的结合。并且结合图3的光电子能谱图,说明粗糙表面上具有大量的亲水负氧基团,从而表明等离子体处理后,芳纶纤维表面改性为亲水特性。
由图2(左图为仅经树脂改性后的芳纶纤维图,右图为依次经等离子体改性和树脂改性后的芳纶纤维图)可以看出,经等离子体处理后可显著增强纤维的表面亲和性,使聚氨酯浆料能良好地涂敷于纤维表面,形成均匀膜层。
图3为本实施例中经等离子体改性处理的芳纶布的X射线光电子能谱图,可以看出,等离子体表面处理芳纶纤维布后,在表面明显形成了亲水的胺基、羧基和羟基,因此在表面形成了良好的亲水、亲油界面,提高了与树脂等材料的亲和性,从而改善了纤维的染色性能。
实施例2、芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进
与实施例1的步骤相同,不同之处在于将树脂改性处理采用的聚胺酯替换为环氧树脂(朗盛S10系列树脂)。
实施例3、芳纶纤维布的染色
将未经任何处理的芳纶1313纤维布、仅经实施例1氧等离子体处理的芳纶1313纤维布(步骤S1)、实施例1改性后的芳纶1313纤维布和实施例2改性后的芳纶1313纤维布进行染色,染色步骤如下:
S1:称取30份质量的去离子水,并按1g/L的浓度加入高温分散匀染剂(华深公司HT424匀染剂),搅拌均匀,滴入少量乙酸调节pH值至5左右,再称取1.5份质量的分散染料(如表1中所示)加入其中,搅拌均匀,得到浸染用的染液。
S2:用天平称取2份质量的经过改性和未改性的芳纶织物,将芳纶织物在室温下全部浸入S1调配的染液当中,升温至染液沸腾,并保持90min,再将织物取出,用大量清水清洗,放入60℃烘箱中烘干,得到染色的芳纶织物样品。
表1为不同方法处理的芳纶纤维布的染色效果,由表1中的数据可以看出,经等离子体和树脂处理后,染料上染率明显提升,说明芳纶纤维布的染色性能得到较好的改进。
表2为不同方法处理的芳纶纤维布的染色牢度,由表2中的数据可以看出,经等离子体和树脂处理后,芳纶纤维布的染色牢度明显提高,染料能与纤维布良好地结合。
表1不同方法处理的芳纶纤维布的染色效果。
Figure BDA0002931409530000061
表2不同方法处理的芳纶纤维布的染色牢度。
Figure BDA0002931409530000062
Figure BDA0002931409530000071
由上述实验可以看出,经等离子体表面处理芳纶纤维布,在表面明显形成了亲水的胺基、羧基和羟基,采用X射线光电子能谱证明了亲水基团的形成;且处理后,纤维表面明显变得粗糙,能够良好附着树脂,树脂层剥离强度(实施例1)由2.8N/cm转变为5.7N/cm,染色的耐摩擦色牢度提高至5级,上染率也明显提高。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是在本发明的发明构思下,利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换,或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种芳纶纤维布的染色性能改进方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、等离子体处理芳纶纤维布;
S2、在经步骤S1改性后的所述芳纶纤维布上刮涂树脂浆料,即实现对所述芳纶纤维布的染色性能的提高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的染色性能改进方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述等离子体处理为氧等离子体处理或氮等离子体处理。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的染色性能改进方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述等离子体处理的条件如下:
功率为60~450W,时间为5~60分钟。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的染色性能改进方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述树脂浆料为由树脂与助剂分散于溶剂中得到;
所述树脂为聚氨酯、环氧树脂、三元乙丙橡胶和丁苯橡胶中至少一种;
所述树脂浆料的用量为2~10g/m2
5.根据权利要求4所述的染色性能改进方法,其特征在于:所述助剂为阻燃剂、分散剂、消泡剂、流平剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂和抗氧剂中至少一种;
所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环已酮和/或丁酯。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的染色性能改进方法,其特征在于:所述树脂与所述助剂的质量比为20:3~6;
所述树脂和所述溶剂分散于所述溶剂中后,在800~1500r/min的速度下高速分散5~15min得到所述树脂浆料。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项所述染色性能改进方法得到的芳纶纤维布。
8.一种芳纶纤维布的染色方法,包括如下步骤:
按照权利要求1-6中任一项所述方法对芳纶纤维布进行改性;然后对改性后的所述芳纶纤维布进行染色即可。
9.根据权利要求8所述的染色方法,其特征在于:所述染色采用的燃料为溶剂染料、分散染料、活性染料、酸性染料或还原染料。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的染色方法,其特征在于:采用浸染或轧染的方式进行染色。
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