CN112941510B - Device and method for preparing high-entropy alloy coating through electric spark deposition - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing high-entropy alloy coating through electric spark deposition Download PDFInfo
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- CN112941510B CN112941510B CN202110104903.4A CN202110104903A CN112941510B CN 112941510 B CN112941510 B CN 112941510B CN 202110104903 A CN202110104903 A CN 202110104903A CN 112941510 B CN112941510 B CN 112941510B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for preparing a high-entropy alloy coating by electric spark deposition, which comprises the following steps: a processing mechanism: the device comprises a sealing cover, wherein a two-shaft linkage mechanism capable of placing a workpiece is arranged in the sealing cover, a vertical lifting mechanism is arranged on one side of the two-shaft linkage mechanism and connected with a power system, the power system is connected with a main shaft, and the main shaft is connected with a tool electrode through a piezoelectric actuator; protective gas supply mechanism: be connected with the sealed cowling through the pipeline, install pressure regulating spare, power supply module on the pipeline: the anode is used for connecting with a tool electrode, and the cathode is used for connecting with a workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining equipment, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a high-entropy alloy coating by electric spark deposition.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The principle of the electric spark deposition technology is an additive manufacturing technology which utilizes spark discharge between a tool electrode and a workpiece in a pulse circuit to enable the material of the tool electrode to be fused and deposited on the workpiece. The tool electrode is connected with the positive pole of the pulse power supply, the workpiece is connected with the negative pole of the pulse power supply, the tool electrode is gradually close to the workpiece, when the electric field intensity between the tool electrode and the workpiece reaches the breakdown strength, spark discharge is generated, and the molten tool electrode material is deposited on the surface of the workpiece under the action of explosive force, gravity and the like.
The high-entropy alloy (high-disorder-degree alloy) is a novel alloy material and comprises 5 or more than 5 main constituent elements. Although the high-entropy alloy has a simple phase structure, the high-entropy alloy has four core effects of a high-entropy effect, a lattice distortion effect, a slow diffusion effect and a cocktail effect, and has excellent comprehensive performance. The high-entropy alloy has excellent performance and excellent application potential in the aspects of strength, hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and heat resistance, so that the high-entropy alloy has excellent application prospects in the fields of aerospace, electronic communication and the like. At present, the main preparation methods of the high-entropy alloy coating comprise laser cladding, micro-arc discharge deposition, thermal spraying and other technologies. The inventor finds that the laser cladding technology has higher cost; the hot spraying technology has the defect of high porosity; the larger the discharge energy of micro-arc discharge deposition is, the higher the deposition efficiency is, and the worse the coating surface quality is, and vice versa, the efficiency and the deposition quality are difficult to be considered simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a device for preparing a high-entropy alloy coating by electric spark deposition, which can improve the quality of the coating and improve the deposition stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for preparing a high-entropy alloy coating by electric spark deposition, including:
a processing mechanism: the device comprises a sealing cover, wherein a two-shaft linkage mechanism capable of placing a workpiece is arranged in the sealing cover, a vertical lifting mechanism is arranged on one side of the two-shaft linkage mechanism and connected with a power system, the power system is connected with a main shaft, and the main shaft is connected with a tool electrode through a piezoelectric actuator;
protective gas supply mechanism: the pressure regulating device is connected with the sealing cover through a pipeline, and a pressure regulating part is installed on the pipeline.
The power supply assembly: the anode is used for connecting with a tool electrode, and the cathode is used for connecting with a workpiece.
Furthermore, the power supply assembly comprises a direct current power supply, a first resistor and a capacitor which are connected in series, the direct current power supply is connected with the anode of the capacitor through the first resistor, and the cathode of the direct current power supply is connected with the cathode of the capacitor.
Furthermore, a first branch and a second branch are led out from a line between the first resistor and the positive electrode of the capacitor, the first branch is used as the positive electrode, the second branch is connected with the base electrode of the triode, a third branch is led out from a line between the positive electrode of the direct-current power supply and the first resistor, the third branch is connected with the emitting electrode of the triode, the collecting electrode of the triode is connected with the piezoelectric actuator, the piezoelectric actuator is connected with the negative electrode of the capacitor, and a fourth branch is led out from a line between the negative electrode of the direct-current power supply and the negative electrode of the capacitor and used as the negative electrode.
Furthermore, a second resistor is arranged on the second branch.
Furthermore, a third resistor is arranged on the third branch.
Furthermore, the protective gas supply mechanism comprises a gas cylinder, the gas cylinder is connected with a sealing cover through a gas injection pipeline, the sealing cover is connected with a vacuumizing part through a vacuum pipeline, and a pressure regulating part is installed on the vacuum pipeline.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a working method of a device for preparing a high-entropy alloy coating by electric spark deposition, which comprises the following steps:
introducing protective gas into the sealing cover by using a protective gas supply mechanism, connecting a tool electrode with the positive electrode of a power supply assembly, and connecting a workpiece with the negative electrode of the power supply assembly;
the power supply assembly and the power system work, the main shaft drives the tool electrode to rotate to carry out electric spark deposition processing, the piezoelectric actuator drives the tool electrode to generate vibration synchronous with discharge, the electric spark deposition processing is carried out in a layered mode, and in two adjacent layers, the pressure of protective gas introduced during the processing of the previous layer is larger than that of protective gas introduced during the processing of the next layer.
And after the workpiece is machined, resetting the tool electrode, and taking down the machined workpiece.
Further, the rotating speed of the power system driving the tool electrode is 1000-7000 r/min.
Further, the protective gas is argon.
Further, during the processing, the maximum value of the pressure of the protective gas is more than 400kPa, and the minimum value is less than 30 kPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the processing device, the protective gas can be introduced into the sealing cover, and the pressure of the protective gas is adjusted by the pressure adjusting piece, so that the pressure of the protective gas is adjusted to control the expansion of the discharge channel, thereby influencing the deposition process, solving the problem of poor surface quality of the traditional electric spark deposition, and ensuring that the protective gas has the maximum argon pressure at the initial discharge stage, namely the lower layer processing stage, so that the bottommost layer has enough thickness and is not easy to slip; with the gradual processing of the upper layer, the discharge is continuously carried out, the pressure of the protective gas argon is gradually reduced, and the surface thermal stress and the surface roughness can be reduced, so that the high-quality coating surface is obtained.
2. The processing device of the invention introduces the sealing cover and the protective gas argon, and the protective gas argon can cool the tool electrode and prevent metal oxidation. The electric spark deposition process in the protective gas argon is more stable, and the processing efficiency and the surface processing quality can be obviously improved.
3. According to the processing device, the piezoelectric actuator is introduced, and by utilizing the piezoelectric property of the piezoelectric actuator and the inertia of the tool electrode, the tool electrode material melted after electric spark discharge is easier to separate from the tool electrode and deposit on a workpiece, so that the electric spark deposition efficiency is further improved.
4. According to the processing device, the triode is adopted to control the input signal of the piezoelectric actuator, so that the piezoelectric actuator can receive a signal synchronous with a discharge signal, accurate control is realized, and the surface quality of a workpiece is further improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a processing mechanism in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power module according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the discharge waveform and the piezoelectric ceramic actuator signal of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a piezoceramic actuator according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
the device comprises a sealing cover 1, a first horizontal moving mechanism 2, a second horizontal moving mechanism 3, a vertical lifting mechanism 4, a power system 5, a main shaft 6, a piezoelectric actuator 7, a tool electrode 8, a gas cylinder 9, a rotary vane vacuum pump 10, argon gas 11, a pressure regulating valve 12, a direct current power supply 13, a first resistor R14, a pressure regulating valve 13, a power supply, a first resistor R, a power supply, a first horizontal moving mechanism, a second horizontal moving mechanism, a vertical lifting mechanism 4, a power supply, a second power supply, a second horizontal moving mechanism, a spindle, a A 15 capacitor, 16 second resistor R B Triode 17, third resistor R18 C 19 workpiece, 20 base.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
For convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As introduced by the background art, the existing high-entropy coating deposition preparation method has poor coating surface quality and efficiency and deposition quality are difficult to be considered at the same time, and aiming at the problems, the application provides a device for preparing the high-entropy alloy coating by electric spark deposition.
Example 1:
in an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1-3, an apparatus for preparing a high-entropy alloy coating by electric spark deposition comprises a processing mechanism, a shielding gas supply mechanism and a power supply assembly.
The processing mechanism comprises a sealing cover 1, and a two-axis linkage mechanism is fixed inside the sealing cover.
The two-axis linkage mechanism is an existing two-axis linkage mechanism and comprises a first horizontal moving mechanism 2, and a moving part of the first horizontal moving mechanism is connected with a second horizontal moving mechanism 3. The second horizontal moving mechanism is arranged vertically to the first horizontal moving mechanism. The moving part of the second horizontal moving mechanism is fixed with a base 20 made of insulating materials, the base is used for placing workpieces, and the two-axis linkage mechanism can output the motion in two mutually perpendicular directions in a horizontal plane.
The first horizontal moving mechanism and the second horizontal moving mechanism may adopt an existing mechanism capable of outputting horizontal motion, and preferably, both the first horizontal moving mechanism and the second horizontal moving mechanism adopt an existing screw transmission mechanism, and the specific structure thereof is not described in detail herein.
The two-shaft linkage structure is characterized in that a vertical lifting mechanism 4 is arranged on one side of the two-shaft linkage structure, the vertical lifting mechanism can be an existing lifting mechanism, preferably, the vertical lifting mechanism adopts a screw transmission mechanism, and the specific structure of the vertical lifting mechanism is not described in detail.
The moving part of the vertical lifting mechanism is connected with a power system 5, the power system adopts the existing power system for the electro-spark deposition machining device, the rotation around a vertical axis can be output, and the specific structure of the vertical lifting mechanism is not described in detail herein.
The two-shaft linkage mechanism and the vertical lifting mechanism both adopt lead screw transmission mechanisms, so that the operation is stable and accurate, and the positioning can be accurate.
The power system is connected with a main shaft 6, the main shaft is connected with a piezoelectric actuator 7, and the piezoelectric actuator is connected with a tool electrode 8.
The piezoelectric actuator can receive a signal synchronous with a discharge signal, and by utilizing the piezoelectric property of the piezoelectric actuator and the inertia of a tool electrode, a tool electrode material melted after electric spark discharge is easier to separate from the tool electrode and deposit on a workpiece, so that the electric spark deposition efficiency is further improved.
The tool electrode is made of a high-entropy alloy material, preferably made of a FeCoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy material, and the power system can drive the tool electrode to rotate at the speed of 1000-7000r/min through the main shaft.
The protective gas supply mechanism is connected with the sealing cover through a pipeline and can inject protective gas with set pressure into the sealing cover.
The protective gas supply mechanism comprises a gas cylinder 9, the gas cylinder is used for containing protective gas, and preferably, the protective gas adopts argon gas 11.
The gas outlet of the gas cylinder is connected with the sealing cover through a gas injection pipeline, and the gas cylinder can inject protective gas into the sealing cover through the gas injection pipeline.
The sealing cover is further connected with a vacuumizing piece through a vacuum tube, and the vacuumizing piece can vacuumize the sealing cover, so that protective gas in the gas cylinder enters the sealing cover.
Preferably, the vacuumizing part adopts a rotary vane vacuum pump 10, the inside of the sealing cover can be vacuumized, the vacuum pipe is provided with a pressure regulating part, and preferably, the pressure regulating part adopts a pressure regulating valve 12, so that the pressure of the protective gas in the sealing cover can be regulated, and the pressure of the protective gas can be changed.
In this embodiment, the tool electrode and the workpiece are placed in a sealing cover, and a protective gas can be introduced into the sealing cover to cool the tool electrode and prevent the metal from being oxidized. The electric spark deposition process in the protective gas argon is more stable, and the processing efficiency and the surface processing quality can be obviously improved.
The power supply assembly comprises a direct current power supply 13 and a first resistor R which are connected in series through a line A 14. Capacitor 15, positive pole of DC power supply and first resistor R A After being connected, the negative pole of the direct current power supply is connected with the negative pole of the capacitor, and the first resistor R A For smoothing the voltage.
By a first resistance R A A first branch and a second branch are led out from a circuit between the positive electrode of the capacitor and the first branch, and the first branch is used as the positive electrode of the power supply assembly and is connected with the tool electrode 8; a second branch and a second resistor R B 16 is connected with the base electrode of the triode 17; the second resistor R B Used for generating current to drive transistor, and composed of positive electrode of DC power supply and first resistor R A The circuit between the first branch and the second branch leads out a third branch and a third resistor R C 18 are connected and then connected with the emitting electrode of the triode; third resistor R C The current-limiting protection circuit is used for leading out a fourth branch circuit from a circuit between the negative pole of the direct-current power supply and the negative pole of the capacitor, and the fourth branch circuit is used as the negative pole of the voltage component and is used for connecting a workpiece 19; the collector leading-out branch of the triode is connected with the piezoelectric actuator, and then the piezoelectric actuator is connected with the negative electrode of the capacitor.
In the embodiment, the piezoelectric actuator is introduced, and by utilizing the piezoelectric property of the piezoelectric actuator and the inertia of the tool electrode, the tool electrode material melted after electric spark discharge is easier to separate from the tool electrode and deposit on a workpiece, so that the electric spark deposition efficiency is further improved. And the triode is adopted to control the input signal of the piezoelectric actuator, so that the piezoelectric actuator can receive a signal synchronous with a discharge signal, accurate control is realized, and the surface quality of a workpiece is further improved.
The device of this example each part component effect is clear, can change some devices according to actual conditions under the circumstances that satisfies the experiment requirement, can enlarge or reduce the experimental scale, and the nimble application.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a working method of the device for preparing the high-entropy alloy coating by the electric spark deposition, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (2) filling protective gas into the sealing cover by using a protective gas supply mechanism, immersing a workpiece to be machined into the protective gas and placing the workpiece on the insulating base, mounting a tool electrode and a piezoelectric actuator on a main shaft of the machine tool, connecting the workpiece with the negative electrode of a power supply assembly, connecting the tool electrode with the positive electrode of the power supply assembly, and opening a gas cylinder, a pressure regulating valve and a rotary vane type vacuum pump to finish the preparation work of machining.
Step 2: and starting a power system and a power supply assembly of the machine tool spindle, wherein the power supply assembly applies pulses between the tool electrode and the workpiece, and a charging signal and a discharging signal of the capacitor are used as driving signals of the triode.
The machine tool spindle drives the tool electrode and the piezoelectric actuator to gradually move downwards and vertically to move to a machining position required by a workpiece. Under the action of the power supply assembly, electric spark discharge is generated between the tool electrode and the workpiece, and molten tool electrode materials are deposited on the surface of the workpiece under the action of explosive force, gravity and the like. The workpiece is driven by the two-axis linkage mechanism to complete scanning deposition.
The principle of voltage generation in the capacitor and the piezoelectric actuator and the working principle of the piezoelectric actuator are shown in fig. 4 and 5: when the electric field strength between the tool electrode and the workpiece reaches the breakdown strength, the spark discharge starts to occur, i.e., t in fig. 4 0 To t 1 A segment; after the discharge is over, the capacitor starts to charge, i.e. t in fig. 4 1 To t 2 And (4) section. The piezoelectric actuator can be equivalent to a capacitor, and the piezoelectric actuator works under the action of the triode. When the capacitor begins to discharge, the triode can not be conducted by the potential difference of the triode, and the piezoelectric actuator does not work, namely t 2 To t 3 A segment; after discharging for a period of time, the potential difference of the triode is enough to conduct the triode, the piezoelectric actuator is equivalent to a capacitor, rapid charging is started, and the triode starts to extend, namely t 3 To t 4 A segment; after a period of time, the voltage of the piezoelectric actuator reaches a maximum and remains constant, at which time the length of extension of the piezoelectric actuator is at a maximum, i.e. t 4 To t 5 A segment; when the potential difference of the triode is reduced in the process of charging the capacitor until the triode cannot be conducted, the piezoelectric actuator starts to discharge and starts to shorten the length, namely t 5 To t 6 And (4) section.
The gas cylinder and the rotary-vane vacuum pump are matched to adjust the gas pressure in the sealing cover by using the pressure adjusting valve, so that the gas pressure is over 400kPa and is kept unchanged, and the first-layer deposition scanning is finished under the driving of the two-shaft linkage mechanism; and then adjusting the pressure regulating valve to reduce the gas pressure in the sealing cover to a set value, and finishing the second layer deposition scanning under the drive of the two-axis linkage mechanism, and so on. The gas pressure at the time of the last layer deposition scan is below 30 kPa. The smaller protective gas pressure is beneficial to the expansion of a discharge channel, the discharge energy is more dispersed, the depth of a generated melting area is small, the radius is large, and the obtained coating has fewer surface defects and is smoother. The number of layers in the deposition process is determined by the target thickness of the high entropy alloy coating.
And step 3: and after the workpiece is machined, the machine tool spindle drives the tool electrode to restore the original position, and the machined workpiece is taken out.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The device for preparing the high-entropy alloy coating by the electric spark deposition is characterized by comprising the following components:
a processing mechanism: the device comprises a sealing cover, wherein a two-shaft linkage mechanism capable of placing a workpiece is arranged in the sealing cover, a vertical lifting mechanism is arranged on one side of the two-shaft linkage mechanism and connected with a power system, the power system is connected with a main shaft, and the main shaft is connected with a tool electrode through a piezoelectric actuator; by utilizing the piezoelectric property of the piezoelectric actuator and the inertia of the tool electrode, the tool electrode material melted after the electric spark discharge is easier to separate from the tool electrode and deposit on a workpiece;
protective gas supply mechanism: the pressure regulating device is connected with the sealing cover through a pipeline, and a pressure regulating part is arranged on the pipeline;
the power supply assembly: the anode is used for connecting with a tool electrode, and the cathode is used for connecting with a workpiece;
the tool electrode is made of a high-entropy alloy material;
the protective gas supply mechanism comprises a gas cylinder, the gas cylinder is connected with a sealing cover through a gas injection pipeline, the sealing cover is connected with a vacuumizing part through a vacuum pipeline, and a pressure regulating part is installed on the vacuum pipeline;
the vacuumizing piece adopts a rotary vane vacuum pump;
the gas cylinder and the rotary-vane vacuum pump are matched to regulate the gas pressure in the sealing cover by using the pressure regulating valve;
the power supply assembly comprises a direct current power supply, a first resistor and a capacitor which are connected in series through a line, wherein the positive electrode of the direct current power supply is connected with the first resistor and then connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor, and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply is connected with the negative electrode of the capacitor;
a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit are led out from a circuit between the first resistor and the positive electrode of the capacitor, and the first branch circuit is used as the positive electrode of the power supply assembly and is connected with the tool electrode; the second branch is connected with a second resistor and then connected with the base electrode of the triode; the second resistor is used for generating current to drive the triode, a third branch circuit is led out from a circuit between the positive electrode of the direct-current power supply and the first resistor, and the third branch circuit is connected with the emitter of the triode after being connected with the third resistor; the third resistor is used for a current-limiting protection circuit, and a fourth branch circuit is led out from a circuit between the negative electrode of the direct-current power supply and the negative electrode of the capacitor and is used as the negative electrode of the voltage component and connected with a workpiece; the collector leading-out branch of the triode is connected with the piezoelectric actuator, and then the piezoelectric actuator is connected with the negative electrode of the capacitor;
when the electric field intensity between the tool electrode and the workpiece reaches the breakdown strength, the tool electrode starts to generate electric spark discharge; after the discharging is finished, the capacitor starts to charge; the piezoelectric actuator can be equivalent to a capacitor, and the piezoelectric actuator can work under the action of the triode; when the capacitor starts to discharge, the triode cannot be conducted by the potential difference of the triode, and the piezoelectric actuator does not work; after discharging for a period of time, the potential difference of the triode is enough to conduct the triode, the piezoelectric actuator is equivalent to a capacitor, and the triode starts to be rapidly charged and extends; after a period of time, the voltage of the piezoelectric actuator reaches the maximum and remains unchanged, and the extension length of the piezoelectric actuator is the maximum at the moment; when the potential difference of the triode is reduced in the process of charging the capacitor until the triode cannot be conducted, the piezoelectric actuator starts to discharge, and the length begins to be shortened.
2. The working method of the device for preparing the high-entropy alloy coating by the electric spark deposition, which is disclosed by claim 1, comprises the following steps:
introducing protective gas into the sealing cover by using a protective gas supply mechanism, connecting a tool electrode with the positive electrode of a power supply assembly, connecting a workpiece with the negative electrode of the power supply assembly, and opening a gas cylinder, a pressure regulating valve and a rotary vane vacuum pump to finish preparation work for machining;
the power supply assembly applies pulse between a tool electrode and a workpiece, a charging signal and a discharging signal of a capacitor are used as driving signals of a triode, a main shaft drives the tool electrode to rotate to carry out electric spark deposition processing, the workpiece finishes scanning deposition under the driving of a two-shaft linkage mechanism, meanwhile, a piezoelectric actuator drives the tool electrode to generate vibration synchronous with discharging, the electric spark deposition processing is carried out in a layered mode, wherein the pressure of protective gas introduced during the processing of the previous layer is higher than that of protective gas introduced during the processing of the next layer in the two adjacent layers;
and after the workpiece is machined, resetting the tool electrode, and taking down the machined workpiece.
3. The working method of the device for preparing the high-entropy alloy coating by the electric spark deposition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rotating speed of the power system for driving the tool electrode is 1000-7000 r/min.
4. The working method of the device for preparing the high-entropy alloy coating through electric spark deposition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the protective gas adopts argon.
5. The method for operating an apparatus for preparing a high entropy alloy coating by electro-discharge deposition as claimed in claim 2, wherein during the machining process, the maximum gas pressure of the protective gas is greater than 400kPa, and the minimum gas pressure is less than 30 kPa.
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