CN112939649B - Integrated integrated wet garbage in-situ resource treatment system and treatment method - Google Patents

Integrated integrated wet garbage in-situ resource treatment system and treatment method Download PDF

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CN112939649B
CN112939649B CN202110138846.1A CN202110138846A CN112939649B CN 112939649 B CN112939649 B CN 112939649B CN 202110138846 A CN202110138846 A CN 202110138846A CN 112939649 B CN112939649 B CN 112939649B
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treatment
fermentation
leachate
recycling
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CN112939649A (en
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刘建伟
陈欣玥
臧娜娜
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/95—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially vertically between inlet and discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated in-situ recycling treatment system and method for wet garbage, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a feeding and discharging unit, a pretreatment unit, a rapid dry fermentation unit, a fertilizer preparation unit, a leachate treatment and reuse unit, a stink and microorganism containing aerosol gas treatment unit and an automatic monitoring and control unit; the system is used for realizing centralized collection and treatment of wet garbage generated in remote or scattered cities, towns or rural areas; the invention has simple process flow and integrates pretreatment, composting, leachate, stink and microbial aerosol treatment; the composting time is shortened, and the composting efficiency and the resource degree are improved; but also recycles and harmlessly treats leachate and aerosol gas containing stink and microorganisms, thereby avoiding environmental pollution; meanwhile, the automatic monitoring and control unit is configured systematically, so that data interaction and remote control among the PC end, the mobile phone end and the cloud are realized, the informatization degree is higher, and the monitoring and management are facilitated.

Description

Integrated integrated wet garbage in-situ resource treatment system and treatment method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to an integrated wet garbage in-situ recycling treatment system and a treatment method.
Background
At present, 46 forced classification test cities of domestic garbage are arranged in China, and domestic garbage classification is carried out in Beijing and Shanghai cities. A large amount of wet garbage can be generated in the process of classifying the household garbage, and the weight of the wet garbage can account for more than 40-60% of the total weight of the garbage.
The wet garbage is perishable garbage, which refers to perishable biomass domestic wastes such as food material waste, leftovers, melon peel and fruit kernel, traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the like. Besides perishable components, the wet garbage also contains certain difficultly biodegradable components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like.
At present, wet garbage is generally treated by collecting and transporting in an environmental sanitation manner and then is sent to a large centralized wet garbage treatment plant for treatment, and common treatment technologies comprise aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation and the like.
However, for remote or dispersed cities, town communities or rural areas, which are far away from the centralized processing plant, the transportation distance is long and the transportation cost is high; in addition, in the processes of storing, collecting, transporting for a long time and disposing wet garbage, because the moisture content and the organic matter content are high, the wet garbage is easy to rot and foul in a short time and breed mosquitoes and flies, so that the problems of secondary pollution such as stink, microbial aerosol, leachate and the like are easily caused, and the urban environment and the health of people are influenced. Therefore, in remote areas where it is difficult to collect and transport domestic waste, there is an urgent need for in-situ or in-situ recycling treatment techniques at waste production sites.
The wet garbage treatment technology comprises an aerobic composting technology, an anaerobic fermentation technology and the like. Compared with the anaerobic fermentation technology, the aerobic composting technology has the advantages of short fermentation period, high temperature of the compost, small odor, small occupied area, thorough decomposition and the like, and is more suitable for small-scale wet garbage on-site treatment.
However, the existing wet garbage in-situ aerobic composting technology and equipment have the disadvantages of low efficiency, long fermentation period, large occupied area, low resource degree, incapability of well realizing on-site use of compost products, secondary pollution caused by leachate and odor and the like, and the problems that the reduction, harmlessness and resource treatment of wet garbage in a garbage collection area are far and difficult to carry out cannot be effectively solved.
Therefore, how to provide a technology capable of realizing in-situ or in-situ resource treatment is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an integrated wet garbage in-situ recycling treatment system and a treatment method, the system has the advantages of simple process flow and simple structure, and integrates pretreatment, composting, leachate, malodor and microbial aerosol treatment, so that the wet garbage treatment efficiency and the recycling utilization rate are effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an integrated wet garbage in-situ resource treatment system comprises: the device comprises a feeding and discharging unit, a pretreatment unit, a rapid dry fermentation unit, a fertilizer preparation unit, a leachate treatment and recycling unit, a gas treatment unit containing odor and microorganism aerosol and an automatic monitoring and control unit;
the pretreatment unit is positioned at the bottom of the feeding and discharging unit;
the rapid dry fermentation unit is positioned at one side of the pretreatment unit;
the fertilizer preparation unit is connected with a discharge hole of the rapid dry fermentation unit;
the leachate treatment and recycling unit is connected with a liquid outlet of the rapid dry fermentation unit;
the odor and microorganism containing aerosol gas treatment unit is connected with an exhaust port of the rapid dry fermentation unit;
the automatic monitoring and control unit is respectively connected with the feeding and discharging unit, the pretreatment unit, the rapid dry fermentation unit, the fertilizer preparation unit, the leachate treatment and recycling unit and the treatment unit for the gas containing the odor and the microorganism aerosol.
The invention takes the wet garbage generated in remote or dispersed cities, towns or rural areas which are difficult to realize centralized collection and treatment as an object, and aims at the problems of low composting efficiency and long fermentation time of the conventional wet garbage composting treatment technology, particularly low degradation efficiency of difficult-to-degrade components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like, large occupied area, low compost product recycling degree, incapability of realizing on-site utilization well, leachate, malodor, pathogenic microorganism pollution and the like, and provides an integrated recycling treatment system which has simple process flow and simple structure and integrates pretreatment, composting, leachate, malodor and microbial aerosol treatment; on one hand, the composting time is shortened, the composting efficiency is effectively improved, the resource degree is improved, and the volume of a composting facility is greatly reduced; on the other hand, the system recycles and harmlessly treats leachate and aerosol gas containing stink and microorganisms, thereby avoiding the harm of the generated stink and leachate pollution to the surrounding environment and human health; the automatic monitoring and control unit configured systematically realizes data interaction and remote control of the PC end, the mobile phone end and the cloud through cloud platform operating software, has higher informatization degree and is convenient for monitoring and management.
Preferably, the feeding and discharging unit comprises: a feeding unit and a discharging unit;
further, the feeding unit is provided with a temporary storage unit and a draining tank; the temporary storage units are at least two, a temporary storage unit feeding port is formed in the outer wall of each temporary storage unit, wet garbage is put into the temporary storage units through the temporary storage unit feeding ports, the storage time is 2-3 hours, leachate enters the temporary storage units and is collected through the leachate tank positioned at the bottom, the automatic monitoring and control unit is started to be integrated, and the wet garbage in the temporary storage units is transmitted to the unloading unit;
a feeding machine is arranged in the discharging unit, wet garbage is transmitted to the pretreatment unit through the feeding machine, and a valve capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the bottom of the discharging unit.
Preferably, the pretreatment unit comprises a sorting unit, a crushing device and a screw press dehydrator which are connected in sequence;
the sorting unit comprises a sorting device and a magnetic separator; the sorting device is arranged at the bottom of the feeder, and the magnetic separator is positioned above the conveyor belt;
the crushing device is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic separator;
the spiral squeezing dehydrator is arranged on one side of the crushing device and is connected with the feed inlet of the rapid dry type fermentation unit.
Further, the sorting device is an integrated roller and gravity sorting device;
furthermore, the roller designed by the integrated roller and gravity sorting device is a hollow cylindrical roller, the bottom of the roller is provided with a movable supporting component, and the roller is obliquely arranged;
further, the moving support component is a tire or a pulley.
The top end of the roller is provided with a feed inlet and is provided with an oversize material outlet and an undersize material outlet; a plurality of sieve pores which are uniformly distributed are arranged on the side wall of the roller, and the diameter of each sieve pore is 80 mm.
Further, the magnetic separator is at least provided with a magnetic separator 1 and a magnetic separator 2;
a conveyor belt is arranged at the lower part of the discharge port of the drum screen underflow, and a magnetic separator 1 is arranged above the conveyor belt;
the discharge port of the oversize product is connected with a winnowing machine, the discharge port of the winnowing machine is provided with a conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt is provided with a magnetic separator 2;
metal collecting cabinets are arranged in the magnetic separator 1 and the magnetic separator 2;
further, the crushing device is a shear type and hammer type crushing combined crusher and is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic separator 2;
still further, the scissor and hammer crusher combination crusher comprises: a shear type crushing unit and a hammer type crushing unit;
the shear type crushing unit is positioned above the hammer type crushing unit, wet garbage firstly enters the shear type crushing unit and then enters the hammer type crushing unit from top to bottom after being crushed; the hammer type crushing unit is provided with a sieve plate;
the scissor type crushing unit comprises a cutting blade, a shaft and a second motor; the shaft comprises two driving shafts and a driven shaft, movable spiral saw teeth are arranged on the driving shafts and the driven shafts respectively, and the cutting blades are arranged in a staggered mode;
the second motor is connected with the shaft;
the beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the double shafts are alternately overlapped and mutually sheared, and the spiral crushing area is formed according to the angle arrangement of the blades, so that the solid materials and impurities can be more effectively subjected to omnibearing masseter muscle tearing; meanwhile, under the tearing, shearing and stretching effects of the fixed blade and the movable blade, the wet garbage, particularly the crushing of fiber and semi-fiber materials such as paper and wood can be realized, and the crushing is more thorough.
Further, the hammer crusher unit includes: the device comprises a hammer part, a turntable, a main shaft and a sieve plate; the hammer part is provided with a flat hammer head and a sharp hammer head which are arranged in a staggered manner;
the main shaft is communicated with the turntables and supported on rolling bearing seats at two sides of the shell, and the motor drives the rotor to rotate at a high speed in the crushing cavity;
the hammer part is movably hinged with the rotary disc;
furthermore, the distance between the center of the hammer part and the striking center is 30-50 mm;
the sieve sets up in the bottom of hammer crushing unit's casing, is provided with evenly distributed's sieve mesh on the sieve, the sieve mesh diameter is 30mm, the discharge gate of magnet separator 2 with cut formula crushing unit's feed inlet and be connected.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: according to the invention, wet garbage is crushed by adopting a mode of interaction of the sharp hammer head and the flat hammer head under the action of high-speed impact, the particle size of the crushed garbage is 30mm, and the crushed garbage with the particle size larger than the diameter of a sieve pore in the crushed material can continuously return to the crushing device for continuous crushing until the crushed material meets the crushing requirement.
In addition, a liquid outlet of the spiral squeezing dehydrator is connected with a sewage collecting box;
and a chain plate conveyor is arranged below a discharge hole of the spiral squeezing dehydrator and is connected with a feed inlet of the rapid dry fermentation unit.
Preferably, the rapid dry fermentation unit comprises: a decomposition bin;
the fertilizer preparation unit is connected with a discharge hole of the decomposing bin;
the leachate treatment and recycling unit is connected with a liquid outlet of the decomposing bin;
and a discharge port of the spiral squeezing dehydrator is connected with a feed port of the decomposing bin through a chain plate conveyor.
The decomposition bin is of a double-layer stainless steel structure, a heat insulation layer is filled in the middle of the decomposition bin, the heat insulation layer is a polyurethane heat insulation layer, and the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 30 mm;
further, the decomposing bin is provided with a turning stirrer, a feeding hole, a discharging hole, an exhaust port and a liquid outlet;
the turning stirrer is provided with a stirring shaft, and the stirring shaft is arranged from the top of the decomposing bin and is vertically arranged in the decomposing bin;
the stirring shaft is provided with the stirring sheet, and the pile turning stirrer is connected with the first motor;
the spiral squeezing dehydrator is connected with the feeding hole;
the gas outlet is connected with the processing unit containing the odor and the microbial aerosol;
the liquid outlet is connected with the leachate treatment and recycling unit.
Still further, the decomposition bin is further provided with: gas distribution plates and sensors; wherein the gas distribution plate is positioned at the bottom end inside the decomposing bin;
the sensor is positioned on the inner side wall of the decomposing bin; and the sensors include, but are not limited to: temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and oxygen concentration sensors.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: the system comprises a first liquid inlet system, an initiating explosive storage tank and a microbial agent storage tank;
the first liquid inlet system is arranged at the top of the decomposing bin;
the first liquid inlet system is connected with the microbial agent storage tank;
the detonating agent storage tank is arranged on the outer side wall of the decomposing bin.
Still further, the first inlet system comprises: first feed liquor pipe and first atomizer, first atomizer is provided with a plurality of, just is in align to grid on the first feed liquor pipe.
The first liquid inlet pipe is connected with the microbial agent storage tank through a pump;
the initiating explosive storage tank is communicated to the inside of the decomposition bin through a pump;
in addition, the first atomizing nozzle is a solid cone nozzle, and the spraying angle of the nozzle is 70 degrees.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that:
preferably, the fertilizer preparation unit comprises a roller vibrating screen and a biological drying machine which are connected in sequence; the roller vibrating screen is connected with a discharge hole of the decomposing bin, and a valve is arranged at the connection part;
further, the screen hole of the roller vibrating screen is 20mm, and the rotating speed is 20-25 r/min; fertilizer-making base materials with the particle size larger than 20mm are used as oversize materials of the roller vibrating screen and enter the decomposition bin from a discharge port for treatment, and fertilizer-making base materials with the particle size smaller than 20mm are used as undersize materials of the roller vibrating screen, collected by a collecting tank and then conveyed to the biological drying machine;
still further, the method further comprises: the biological drying machine comprises a blower and a feeding bin, wherein the blower is arranged on one side of the biological drying machine; the feeding bin is arranged at the top of the biological drying machine;
a stirring device is arranged in the biological drying machine;
in addition, the feeding bin can be designed into a bell mouth shape;
preferably, the leachate treatment and recycling unit comprises: a flocculation tank, an electrochemical reactor and an oxidation tank;
the flocculation tank is connected with a liquid outlet of the decomposition bin, and a valve is arranged at the joint;
further, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the flocculation tank, and the stirring mechanism is at least provided with three-gear rotating speed adjustment; a sewage draining outlet is formed in the bottom of the flocculation tank, precipitated humic acid is conveyed into the drying box from the sewage draining outlet for drying, and the humic acid is collected after drying is finished;
in addition, a water outlet is further formed in one side of the flocculation tank, and supernatant liquor enters the electrochemical reactor from the water outlet.
Further comprising: a flocculation tank connected to the inside of the flocculation tank by a pump; the flocculation tank storage tank is positioned at the top of the flocculation tank;
and a flocculating agent ferric chloride is arranged inside the flocculation tank storage tank.
The electrochemical reactor is provided with a liquid outlet, a valve is arranged at the liquid outlet and is connected with a shunt pipeline, and one way of the valve is connected with the oxidation pond;
an acid-base regulator, an automatic feeding device, a pH sensor and a stirring device are arranged in the oxidation tank;
and a water outlet of the oxidation pond is connected with an adsorption tank, and one side of the adsorption tank is provided with a leachate discharge port.
One path of a shunt pipeline at the liquid outlet end of the electrochemical reactor is communicated with the bottom of the decomposing bin and is provided with a water pump;
wherein the flocculation tank and the electrochemical reactor stage are leachate pretreatment stages, the oxidation tank is a leachate advanced treatment stage, a part of leachate is recharged to a decomposition bin by a water pump through the pretreatment stage, and the residual leachate is discharged after advanced treatment through the oxidation tank.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a return pipe and a fan, and
the unit for treating aerosol gas containing malodors and microorganisms comprises: the device comprises a biological spraying box, a drying and defogging box and a UV photolysis device;
one end of the biological spraying box and one end of the return pipe are respectively connected with a shunt pipeline at the exhaust port end of the decomposing bin; one end of the fan is connected with the shunt pipeline, the other end of the fan is connected with the return pipe, and the other end of the return pipe extends to the lower end of the gas distribution plate;
the biological spraying box is sequentially connected with the drying and defogging box and the UV photolysis device;
further, a second liquid inlet system and an odor sensor are arranged in the biological spraying box, wherein the second liquid inlet system comprises a second liquid inlet pipe and a second atomizing nozzle;
the second atomization nozzle is arranged on a second liquid inlet pipe, and the second liquid inlet pipe is connected with a plant liquid storage tank through a pump;
the spraying angle of the second atomizing nozzle is 70 degrees, and the second atomizing nozzle can spray liquid drops with the diameter less than or equal to 0.04mm which are diffused in the space.
Further, the dry defogging box comprises: the adsorption device comprises a box body, an air inlet, an adsorption section and an air outlet;
the adsorbent filled in the adsorption section is mixed of SDG-I and SDG-II and is in a U-shaped filler;
in addition, the replaced adsorbent can be used as common garbage for treatment, and secondary pollution can not be caused.
Further, UV photodissociation device is provided with gas discharge port, just UV photodissociation device's interior ultraviolet lamp, foul smell detector and inlay and have nanometer TiO 2 A foam nickel screen;
wherein the ultraviolet lamp can emit light with the wavelength of 185nm and 254 nm;
the nano TiO 2 TiO of foamed nickel net 2 The loading capacity is 40g/m 2 ；
The number of the malodor detectors is several.
Further, the automatic monitoring and control unit includes: the system comprises an online monitoring system, an intelligent feedback control system and a human-computer interaction system;
the online monitoring system is used for acquiring information about temperature, oxygen concentration, temperature, humidity, odor, pH value and the like in the feeding and discharging unit, the pretreatment unit, the rapid dry fermentation unit, the fertilizer preparation unit, the leachate treatment and reuse unit and the odor and microorganism-containing aerosol gas treatment unit, the online monitoring system transmits the collected information to the intelligent feedback control system, and the intelligent feedback control system adjusts and controls parameters of each unit according to the collected data information;
furthermore, the human-computer interaction system sets the operation parameters of each unit, displays and records in real time, and has the functions of recording and inquiring historical records;
in addition, the human-computer interaction system can be in butt joint with the mobile terminal and cloud data, and remote control is achieved.
The invention also provides a wet garbage recycling treatment method for in-situ treatment, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: feeding and discharging, and starting an automatic monitoring and control unit;
s2: pretreatment:
s21: sorting: screening the wet garbage by a sorting device, wherein the wet garbage with the particle size of less than or equal to 80mm is subjected to landfill treatment after metal substances are separated by a magnetic separator; separating metal substances from wet garbage with the particle size of more than 80mm by a magnetic separator, and then feeding the wet garbage into a crushing device;
further, the separated metal substances are conveyed to a metal collecting tank;
in addition, wet garbage with the particle size of more than 80mm falls into a winnowing machine from a discharge port of the oversize material, inorganic materials such as plastics, paper, glass materials, bricks and tiles and the like in the wet garbage are separated out, then metal materials are separated out by a magnetic separator and enter a crushing device;
s22: crushing: the crushing device crushes cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by adopting the synergistic action of shearing crushing and hammer type crushing, and conveys the crushed cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin to a screw press dehydrator after the crushed cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are crushed until the particle size is 15-20 mm;
s23: and (3) dehydrating: extruding the crushed materials by a screw press dehydrator, and conveying the materials to a quick dry fermentation unit after the water content of the materials reaches 45-50%;
further, the crushed materials are conveyed to a screw press dehydrator through a chain plate conveyor, and the materials after the dehydration operation are conveyed to a quick dry fermentation unit through the chain plate conveyor;
s3: dry aerobic fermentation: adding a detonating agent and a microbial agent 1 after composting for 1-2 days; adding a microbial agent 2 after composting for 5-7 days;
and the initial fermentation temperature is less than 45 ℃;
the temperature of the high-temperature stage in the middle stage of fermentation is controlled to be 60-65 ℃, and the duration is more than 3 days;
the temperature is reduced to less than 45 ℃ in the later stage of fermentation;
fermenting for 10-13 days;
the water content of the stack is controlled to be 45-55%, the leachate generated after the leachate treatment and the recycling unit treatment can be recharged to the dry aerobic fermentation unit, the water content of the stack can be improved, and the water content of the stack can be reduced by adding straw, sawdust and other substances;
controlling the oxygen concentration at 15-20%;
ventilating speed of 0.5-0.6L/min.kg during fermentation;
further, the dry aerobic fermentation is operated intermittently for 12 hours every day, and the whole process is finished within 12-13 days;
preferably, the initiating agent in step S3 is glucose;
further, the microbial agent 1 includes: the ratio of bacillus subtilis to bacillus pumilus to actinomyces aegypti to saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:1:1:1, and the concentration of each bacterium is (2.0-4.0) × 10 8 CFU/mL；
The microbial agent 2 comprises: aspergillus niger, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Phanerochaete chrysosporium at a ratio of 1:1:1, and the concentration of each bacterium is (5.0-7.0) × 10 7 CFU/mL；
Wherein the inoculation amount of the initiating explosive is 1-2%, and the inoculation amounts of the microbial agent 1 and the microbial agent 2 are both 3-5 per mill;
s4: preparing a fertilizer: conveying the material subjected to dry aerobic fermentation treatment to a fertilizer preparation unit, carrying out biological drying treatment on sieved substances until the water content is less than 15%, and cooling to obtain an organic fertilizer;
in addition, oversize products after being screened are recycled as auxiliary materials;
further, before the undersize is subjected to biological drying treatment, the undersize is mixed with a proper amount of organic matters according to the content of N, P, K and the like, and then the mixture is subjected to biological drying treatment;
s5: and (3) leachate treatment and recycling: conveying leachate generated after dry aerobic fermentation treatment to a flocculation tank, adjusting pH, adding a flocculating agent, stirring, settling, precipitating and separating, extracting humic acid for preparing a fertilizer, pumping supernatant into an electrochemical reactor for denitrification treatment, returning a part of treated liquid to a decomposition bin, and adjusting the pH value of the rest part, oxidizing and adsorbing for recycling;
preferably, the flocculant in the step S5 is ferric chloride and is added according to 0.03 percent of the volume of the leachate,
further, the flocculant is stirred in three stages after the addition is finished, wherein,
a first stirring stage: the stirring speed is 200-220r/min, and the stirring time is 10-13 min;
a second stirring stage: the stirring speed is 100-120r/min, and the stirring time is 5-8 min;
a third stirring stage: stirring at 50-70r/min for 5-8 min;
and before the flocculant is added, the pH is adjusted to 2-5.
Preferably, the pH of the remaining part is adjusted to 6-7 in step S5, and the oxidant is FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O and H 2 O 2 And FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O and H 2 O 2 The mass volume ratio is 0.5g to 1 ml;
further, 10g/L of activated carbon is adopted as an adsorbent in the oxidation adsorption process, and the adsorption time is 3 hours;
s6: treating gas containing odor and microorganism aerosol;
further, the aerosol containing foul smell and bacteria and microorganisms generated in the dry aerobic fermentation treatment process can be recycled in the rapid dry fermentation unit, most of the gas is blown and aerated to the rapid dry fermentation unit in an internal circulation mode, and is circulated for many times in the rapid dry fermentation unit to adjust the oxygen concentration and the temperature; meanwhile, the malodorous gas is degraded under the action of compost microorganisms;
in addition, the hot steam generated by the compost can be fully utilized through the circulating oxygen supply in the rapid dry fermentation unit, so that the compost treatment efficiency is improved, and the further drying and decomposition of compost products are promoted;
the gas containing the stink and the microbial aerosol which can not be recycled enters a gas treatment unit containing the stink and the microbial aerosol for treatment and then is discharged;
furthermore, gases containing stink and microbial aerosol which cannot be recycled are subjected to dust removal and deodorization by the biological spraying box, wherein dust is intercepted by spraying plant liquid; meanwhile, malodorous gas passes through a filter layer which is wet, porous and full of active microorganisms, and the malodorous gas is absorbed and decomposed into CO by utilizing the adsorption, absorption and degradation effects of the microorganisms on the malodorous gas 2 、H 2 O、H 2 SO 4 And the like; gas after the biological spraying case finishes processing gets into dry defogging case, and waste gas improves malodorous gas and microorganism aerosol's purification rate through the absorption and the drying of adsorption stage, handles through UV photodissociation device at last, can catalyze oxygen through UV light and generate ozone and oxygen activity gene, and the synergy of high energy ultraviolet light, ozone and oxygen activity gene is with the sufficient purification back up to standard of malodorous and microorganism aerosol gas emission.
Therefore, the treatment unit of the aerosol gas containing the malodors and the microorganisms is integrated with the whole system, so that the removal of the malodors and the pathogenic microorganisms by the system can be greatly reduced, and the biological safety of the system is ensured.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention at least achieves the following technical effects:
1) the in-situ treatment of the wet garbage is realized, namely the wet garbage is produced and cleaned, the garbage does not need to be stored and transported, and the compost product is used in situ, so that the cost for collecting and transporting the traditional garbage is greatly saved;
2) an integrated wet garbage in-situ resource treatment system is adopted for treating wet garbage, high-quality organic fertilizer is synchronously obtained, leachate and malodorous gas are treated, and the treatment efficiency and treatment quality of the whole garbage are improved;
in the process of wet garbage composting, the explosion initiating agent and the efficient microbial agent are inoculated in stages, and the synergistic effect of the explosion initiating agent and the efficient microbial agent is utilized, so that the activity of fermentation microorganisms is increased, the temperature of a compost is increased, the degradation rate of the components which are difficult to degrade biologically, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like, is increased, and the composting time is shortened; meanwhile, the mineralization and humation of organic matters are accelerated, the compost maturity is further promoted, the compost quality is improved, and the in-situ and on-site utilization of the compost is guaranteed;
3) the efficient treatment of the aerosol gas containing the malodorous substances and the microorganisms is realized, the secondary pollution is reduced to the greatest extent, the emission of pathogenic microorganisms is reduced by a quick dry fermentation unit arranged in the system, the gas is aerated by blasting to the fermentation unit in an internal circulation mode, the multiple circulation in the fermentation process is realized, and part of the gas is degraded under the action of microorganisms in compost materials;
meanwhile, heat generated by compost can be fully utilized through internal circulation oxygen supply, the compost treatment efficiency is improved, and further drying and decomposition of compost products are promoted; the parameters are detected and adjusted in real time by starting the automatic monitoring and control unit, the oxygen demand and the malodorous gas discharge amount of the aerobic fermentation of organic components are optimized, and the malodorous gas is utilized to supply gas for wet garbage to the maximum extent; the removal rate of pathogenic microorganisms is improved at high temperature in the high-temperature stage, and malodorous gases and microbial aerosols which cannot be recycled enter a gas treatment unit containing the malodorous gases and the microbial aerosols to be treated and then discharged, so that the malodorous gases and the microbial aerosols are efficiently treated;
4) the leachate generated in the process of leachate treatment and recycling unit treatment arranged in the system is pretreated before recycling, humic acid is separated out to serve as a base material for preparing the fertilizer, ammonia nitrogen is removed, and accumulation of ammonia nitrogen after returning to the rapid dry fermentation unit is prevented;
5) the system is provided with an automatic start monitoring and controlling unit, comprises a multi-parameter online monitoring system, an intelligent feedback control system and a man-machine interaction system, and has the functions of online monitoring, data derivation, wireless communication and intelligent feedback control; monitoring and feedback control of fermentation process parameters, and monitoring and control of odor and aerosol gas recycling and leachate recycling can be realized; in practical application, remote control is realized through the intercommunication of the centralized control system and cloud data, the method is also suitable for a distributed garbage treatment system, and higher intelligent control level of aerobic composting fermentation is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a decomposition bin of a rapid dry fermentation unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an integrated wet garbage in-situ recycling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing an overall structure of a crushing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a structure of a hammer crusher unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a scissor type crushing unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, in the figures 1-5, the reference numerals: 31 is a decomposition bin, 32 is a feeding hole, 33 is a discharging hole, 34 is an exhaust hole, 35 is a liquid outlet, 36 is a temperature sensor, 37 is a humidity sensor, 38 is an oxygen concentration sensor, 39 is a polyurethane heat-insulating layer, 310 is a first liquid inlet system, 311 is a detonator storage tank, 312 is a turning mixer, 313 is a stirring shaft, 314 is a stirring sheet, 315 is a motor I, 316 is a gas processing unit containing stink and microorganism aerosol, 317 is a fan, 318 is a gas distribution plate, 319 is a flocculation tank, 320 is an electrochemical reactor, 321 is a water pump, and 322 is an oxidation tank;
40 is a temporary storage unit, 41 is a water draining tank, 42 is a feeder, 43 is an integrated roller and gravity separation device, 44 is a magnetic separator 1, 45 is a winnowing machine, 46 is a magnetic separator 2, 47 is a crushing device, 48 is a screw squeezing dehydrator, 49 is a chain plate conveyor, 51 is a biological spraying box, 52 is a drying and defogging box, 53 is a UV photolysis device, 54 is a roller vibrating screen, 55 is a biological drier and 56 is a sewage collection box;
a is a shear type crushing unit, B is a hammer type crushing unit;
221 is a hammer part, 2211 is a flat hammer head, 2212 is a pointed hammer head, 222 is a rotary table, 223 is a main shaft, and 224 is a sieve plate;
225 is a cutting blade, 226 is a shaft, 227 is a motor two.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-5, an integrated in-situ recycling system for wet garbage comprises: a feeding and discharging unit, a pretreatment unit, a rapid dry fermentation unit, a fertilizer preparation unit, a leachate treatment and recycling unit, a malodorous and microorganism-containing aerosol gas treatment unit 316 and an automatic monitoring and control unit;
the pretreatment unit is positioned at the bottom of the feeding and discharging unit;
the rapid dry fermentation unit is positioned at one side of the pretreatment unit;
the fertilizer preparation unit is connected with a discharge hole of the rapid dry fermentation unit;
the leachate treatment and recycling unit is connected with a liquid outlet of the rapid dry fermentation unit;
the gas treatment unit containing odor and microorganism aerosol is connected with an exhaust port of the rapid dry fermentation unit;
the automatic monitoring and control unit is respectively connected with the feeding and discharging unit, the pretreatment unit, the rapid dry fermentation unit, the fertilizer preparation unit, the leachate treatment and recycling unit and the gas treatment unit containing odor and microorganism aerosol.
In another embodiment, the feed and discharge unit comprises: a feeding unit and a discharging unit;
in another embodiment, the feeding unit is provided with a temporary storage unit 40 and a draining tank 41; the temporary storage units 40 are at least two, a temporary storage unit feeding port is formed in the outer wall of each temporary storage unit 40, wet garbage is put into the temporary storage units 40 through the temporary storage unit feeding port, the storage time is 2-3 hours, leachate enters the temporary storage units 40 and is collected through a leachate trough 41 located at the bottom, the integrated automatic control unit is started, and the wet garbage in the temporary storage units 40 is transmitted to the discharging unit;
be provided with batcher 42 in the unit of unloading, wet rubbish transmits to the preprocessing unit through batcher 42, and the unit bottom of unloading is provided with the valve of switch.
In another embodiment, the pretreatment unit includes a sorting unit, a crushing device 47, and a screw press dehydrator 48 connected in this order;
the sorting unit comprises a sorting device and a magnetic separator; the sorting device is arranged at the bottom of the feeding machine 42, and the magnetic separator is positioned above the conveying belt;
the crushing device 47 is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic separator;
the screw press dehydrator 48 is installed at one side of the crushing device 47, and is connected to a feed port of the rapid dry fermentation unit.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the sorting device is an integrated roller and gravity sorting device 43;
in order to further optimize the technical scheme, the roller designed by the integrated roller and gravity sorting device 43 is a hollow cylinder, a movable supporting component is arranged at the bottom of the roller, and the roller is obliquely arranged;
in order to further optimize the above technical solution, the moving support assembly is a tire or a pulley.
The top end of the roller is provided with a feed inlet and is provided with an oversize material outlet and an undersize material outlet; be provided with a plurality of evenly distributed's sieve mesh on the cylinder lateral wall, the sieve mesh diameter is 80 mm.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the magnetic separator is at least provided with a magnetic separator 144 and a magnetic separator 246;
in order to further optimize the technical scheme, a conveyor belt is arranged at the lower part of a discharge port of the drum screen underflow, and a magnetic separator 144 is arranged above the conveyor belt;
the discharge port of the oversize product is connected with a winnowing machine 45, the discharge port of the winnowing machine 45 is provided with a conveyor belt, and a magnetic separator 246 is arranged on the conveyor belt;
metal collecting cabinets are arranged in the magnetic separator 144 and the magnetic separator 246;
in order to further optimize the above technical solution, the crushing device 47 is a combined shear type and hammer type crushing crusher, and is installed at the bottom of the magnetic separator 246;
still further, a combination shear and hammer crusher comprises: a shear type crushing unit A and a hammer type crushing unit B;
wherein the scissor crushing unit A comprises a cutting blade 225, a shaft 226 and a second motor 227; the shaft 226 comprises two driving shafts and a driven shaft, and the driving shafts and the driven shaft are provided with movable spiral saw-tooth cutting blades 225, and the cutting blades 225 are arranged in a staggered manner;
and a second motor 227 is connected with the shaft 226;
in order to further optimize the above technical solution, the hammer crusher unit B comprises: hammer 221, turntable 222, spindle 223, and screen deck 224; wherein the hammer part 221 is provided with a flat hammer head 2211 and a pointed hammer head 2212, and the flat hammer head 2211 and the pointed hammer head 2212 are arranged in a staggered manner;
wherein, the main shaft 223 is connected with the rotary table 222 and supported on the rolling bearing seats at the two sides of the machine shell, and the motor drives the rotor to rotate at high speed in the crushing cavity;
the hammer part 221 is movably hinged with the turntable 222;
furthermore, the distance between the center of the hammer 221 and the center of the striking is 30-50 mm;
the sieve plate 224 is arranged at the bottom of the shell of the hammer type crushing unit B, sieve holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the sieve plate 224, the diameter of each sieve hole is 30mm, and a discharge hole of the magnetic separator 246 is connected with a feed inlet of the shear type crushing unit A.
In addition, a liquid outlet of the screw press dehydrator 48 is connected with a sewage collection tank 56;
a chain plate conveyor 49 is arranged below the discharge port of the screw squeezing dehydrator 48, and the chain plate conveyor 49 is connected with the feed port of the quick dry type fermentation unit.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the rapid dry fermentation unit comprises: a decomposing silo 31;
the fertilizer preparation unit is connected with a discharging port 33 of the decomposing bin 31;
the leachate treatment and recycling unit is connected with a liquid outlet 35 of the decomposing bin 31;
the discharge port of the screw press dehydrator 48 is connected with the feed port 32 of the decomposing bin 31 through a chain plate conveyor 49.
Wherein, the decomposing bin 31 adopts a double-layer stainless steel structure, the middle of which is filled with a heat-insulating layer, the heat-insulating layer is a polyurethane heat-insulating layer 39, and the thickness is 30 mm;
further, the decomposing bin 31 is provided with a turning mixer 312, a feeding port 32, a discharging port 33, an exhaust port 34 and a liquid outlet 35;
the turning mixer 312 is provided with a mixing shaft 313, and the mixing shaft 313 is arranged from the top of the decomposing bin 31 and is vertically arranged inside the decomposing bin 31;
the stirring shaft 313 is provided with a stirring sheet 314, and the pile-turning stirrer 312 is connected with a first motor 315;
the exhaust port 34 is connected with a gas treatment unit 316 containing odor and microorganism aerosol;
the liquid outlet 35 is connected with a leachate treatment and recycling unit.
Further, the well-rotting bin 31 is also provided with: gas distribution plate 318 and sensors; wherein, the gas distribution plate 318 is positioned at the bottom end inside the decomposing bin 31;
the sensor is positioned on the inner side wall of the decomposition bin; and sensors include, but are not limited to: a temperature sensor 36, a humidity sensor 37 and an oxygen concentration sensor 38.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the method further comprises: a first liquid inlet system 310, a primer storage tank 311 and a microbial agent storage tank;
the first liquid inlet system 310 is arranged at the top of the decomposing bin 31;
the first liquid inlet system 310 is connected with a microbial agent storage tank;
the initiator storage tank 311 is installed on the outer side wall of the decomposing silo 31.
Further, the first liquid inlet system 310 includes: first feed liquor pipe and first atomizer, first atomizer are provided with a plurality of, and align to grid on first feed liquor pipe.
The first liquid inlet pipe is connected with a microbial agent storage tank through a pump;
the initiator storage tank 311 is communicated to the inside of the decomposing silo 31 through a pump;
in addition, the first atomizing nozzle is a solid cone nozzle, and the spraying angle of the nozzle is 70 degrees.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the fertilizer preparation unit comprises a roller vibrating screen 54 and a biological drying machine 55 which are connected in sequence; wherein, the roller vibrating screen 54 is connected with the discharge port 33 of the decomposing bin 31, and a valve is arranged at the connection part;
further, the mesh of the roller vibrating screen 54 is 20mm, and the rotating speed is 20-25 r/min; fertilizer-making base materials with the particle size larger than 20mm are used as oversize materials of the roller vibrating screen 54 and enter the decomposing chamber from a discharge port for treatment, and fertilizer-making base materials with the particle size smaller than 20mm are used as undersize materials of the roller vibrating screen 54 and are collected by a collecting tank and then conveyed to a biological drying machine 55;
in order to further optimize the technical scheme, the method further comprises the following steps: a blower and a feeding bin, wherein the blower is arranged on one side of the biological drying machine 55; the feeding bin is arranged at the top of the biological drying machine 55;
a stirring device is arranged in the biological drying machine 55;
in addition, the feeding bin can be designed into a bell mouth shape;
in order to further optimize the technical scheme, the leachate treatment and recycling unit comprises the following components in sequential connection: a flocculation tank 319, an electrochemical reactor 320 and an oxidation tank 322;
the flocculation tank 319 is connected with the liquid outlet 35 of the decomposing bin 31, and a valve is arranged at the joint;
in order to further optimize the technical scheme, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the flocculation tank 319, and the stirring mechanism is at least provided with three-gear rotating speed adjustment; a sewage draining outlet is formed in the bottom of the flocculation 319, the precipitated humic acid is conveyed into the drying box from the sewage draining outlet for drying, and the humic acid is collected after the drying is finished;
in addition, a water outlet is provided at one side of the flocculation tank 319, and supernatant enters the electrochemical reactor 320 through the water outlet.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the method further comprises: the flocculation tank storage tank is connected to the inside of the flocculation tank through a pump; and the flocculation tank storage tank is positioned at the top of the flocculation tank 319;
a flocculating agent ferric chloride is arranged in the storage tank of the flocculation tank.
The electrochemical reactor 320 is provided with a liquid outlet, a valve is arranged at the liquid outlet, the valve is connected with a shunt pipeline, and one way of the valve is connected with the oxidation pond 322; the other path is communicated with the decomposing bin 31 and is provided with a water pump 321;
an acid-base regulator, an automatic feeding device, a pH sensor and a stirring device are arranged in the oxidation pond 322;
and a water outlet of the oxidation pond 322 is connected with an adsorption tank, and one side of the adsorption tank is provided with a leachate discharge port.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the method further comprises the following steps: a return pipe and a blower 317, and
the unit for treating aerosol gas containing malodor and microorganisms comprises: a biological spraying box 51, a drying and defogging box 52 and a UV photolysis device 53;
one end of the biological spraying box 51 and one end of the return pipe are respectively connected with a shunt pipeline at the exhaust port 34 end of the decomposing bin 31; one end of the fan is connected with the shunt pipeline, the other end of the fan is connected with the return pipe, and the other end of the return pipe extends to the lower end of the gas distribution plate 318;
the biological spraying box 51 is sequentially connected with the drying and defogging box 52 and the UV photolysis device 53;
further, a second liquid inlet system and an odor sensor are arranged in the biological spraying box 51, wherein the second liquid inlet system comprises a second liquid inlet pipe and a second atomizing nozzle;
the second atomization nozzle is arranged on a second liquid inlet pipe, and the second liquid inlet pipe is connected with a plant liquid storage tank through a pump;
in order to further optimize the technical scheme, the spraying angle of the second atomizing nozzle is 70 degrees, and the second atomizing nozzle can spray liquid drops with the diameter less than or equal to 0.04mm which are diffused in the space.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the drying and defogging box 52 comprises: the air purifier comprises a box body, an air inlet, an adsorption section and an air outlet;
wherein the adsorbent filled in the adsorption section is mixed of SDG-I and SDG-II and is in a U-shaped filler;
in addition, the replaced adsorbent can be used as common garbage for treatment, and secondary pollution can not be caused.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the UV photolysis device 53 is provided with a gas discharge port, and an inner ultraviolet lamp, an offensive odor detector and a nano TiO embedded in the UV photolysis device 53 2 A foam nickel screen;
wherein the ultraviolet lamp can emit light with the wavelength of 185nm and 254 nm;
nano TiO 2 2 TiO of foamed nickel net 2 The loading capacity is 40g/m 2 ；
The number of the odor detectors is several.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the automatic monitoring and control unit comprises: the system comprises an online monitoring system, an intelligent feedback control system and a human-computer interaction system;
the online monitoring system is used for acquiring information about temperature, oxygen concentration, temperature, humidity, odor, pH value and the like in the feeding and discharging unit, the pretreatment unit, the rapid dry fermentation unit, the fertilizer preparation unit, the leachate treatment and reuse unit and the odor and microorganism-containing aerosol gas treatment unit, the online monitoring system transmits the collected information to the intelligent feedback control system, and the intelligent feedback control system adjusts and controls parameters of each unit according to the collected data information;
furthermore, the human-computer interaction system sets the operation parameters of each unit, displays and records in real time, and has the functions of recording and inquiring historical records;
in addition, the man-machine interaction system can be in butt joint with the mobile terminal and cloud data, and remote control is achieved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, a method for recycling wet garbage for in-situ treatment is further provided, which specifically includes:
s1: feeding and discharging, and starting an automatic monitoring and control unit;
s2: pretreatment:
s21: sorting: screening the wet garbage by a sorting device, wherein the wet garbage with the particle size of less than or equal to 80mm is subjected to landfill treatment after metal substances are separated by a magnetic separator; separating metal substances from wet garbage with the particle size of more than 80mm by a magnetic separator, and then feeding the wet garbage into a crushing device;
further, the separated metal substances are conveyed to a metal collecting tank;
in addition, wet garbage with the particle size of more than 80mm falls into a winnowing machine from a discharge port of the oversize material, inorganic materials such as plastics, paper, glass materials, bricks and tiles and the like in the wet garbage are separated out, then metal materials are separated out by a magnetic separator and enter a crushing device;
s22: crushing: the crushing device crushes cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by adopting the synergistic action of shearing crushing and hammer type crushing, and conveys the crushed cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin to a screw press dehydrator 48 after the crushed cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are crushed until the particle size is 15-20 mm;
s23: and (3) dehydrating: extruding the crushed materials by a screw squeezing dehydrator, and conveying the materials to a quick dry fermentation unit after the water content of the materials reaches 45-50%;
further, the crushed materials are conveyed to a screw press dehydrator through a chain plate conveyor, and the materials after the dehydration operation are conveyed to a quick dry fermentation unit through the chain plate conveyor;
s3: dry aerobic fermentation: adding a detonating agent and a microbial agent 1 after composting for 1-2 days; adding a microbial agent 2 after composting for 5-7 days;
and the initial fermentation temperature is less than 45 ℃;
the temperature of the high-temperature stage in the middle stage of fermentation is controlled to be 60-65 ℃, and the duration is more than 3 days;
the temperature is reduced to less than 45 ℃ in the later stage of fermentation;
the fermentation period is 10-13 days;
the water content of the stack is controlled to be 45-55%, the leachate generated after the leachate treatment and the recycling unit treatment can be recharged to the dry aerobic fermentation unit, the water content of the stack can be improved, and the water content of the stack can be reduced by adding straw, sawdust and other substances;
controlling the oxygen concentration at 15-20%;
ventilating speed of 0.5-0.6L/min.kg during fermentation;
further, the dry aerobic fermentation is operated intermittently for 12 hours every day, and the whole process is finished within 12-13 days;
in addition, the initiating agent of the step S3 is glucose;
further, microbial agent 1 includes: the ratio of bacillus subtilis to bacillus pumilus to actinomyces aegypti to saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:1:1:1, and the concentration of each bacterium is (2.0-4.0) × 10 8 CFU/mL；
The microbial agent 2 comprises: aspergillus niger, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the ratio of 1:1:1, and the concentration of each bacterium is (5.0-7.0) × 10 7 CFU/mL；
Wherein the inoculation amount of the detonating agent is 1-2%, and the inoculation amounts of the microbial inoculum 1 and the microbial inoculum 2 are both 3-5 permillage;
s4: preparing a fertilizer: conveying the material subjected to dry aerobic fermentation treatment to a fertilizer preparation unit, carrying out biological drying treatment on the sieved undersize, and cooling to obtain an organic fertilizer, wherein the water content is less than 15%;
in addition, oversize products after screening are recycled as auxiliary materials;
further, before the biological drying treatment of the undersize, the undersize is mixed with a proper amount of organic matters according to the content of N, P, K and the like, and then the biological drying treatment is carried out after the mixing;
s5: and (3) leachate treatment and recycling: conveying leachate generated after dry aerobic fermentation treatment to a flocculation tank, adjusting pH, adding a flocculating agent, stirring, settling, precipitating and separating, extracting humic acid for preparing a fertilizer, pumping supernatant into an electrochemical reactor for denitrification treatment, returning a part of treated liquid to a decomposition bin, and adjusting the pH value of the rest part of treated liquid to be oxidized and adsorbed for recycling;
further, the flocculating agent of the step S5 is ferric chloride and is added according to 0.03 percent of the volume of the leachate, further, the flocculating agent is stirred in three stages after the addition is finished, wherein,
a first stirring stage: the stirring speed is 200-220r/min, and the stirring time is 10-13 min;
a second stirring stage: the stirring speed is 100-120r/min, and the stirring time is 5-8 min;
a third stirring stage: stirring at 50-70r/min for 5-8 min;
and before adding the flocculating agent, the pH value is adjusted to 2-5.
Further, the pH of the rest part of the step S5 is adjusted to 6-7, and the oxidant is FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O and H 2 O 2 And FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O and H 2 O 2 The mass volume ratio is 0.5g to 1 ml;
further, 10g/L of active carbon is adopted as an adsorbent in the oxidation adsorption process, and the adsorption time is 3 hours;
s6: treating gas containing odor and microorganism aerosol;
further, the aerosol containing foul smell and bacteria and microorganisms generated in the dry aerobic fermentation treatment process can be recycled in the rapid dry fermentation unit, most of the gas is blown and aerated to the rapid dry fermentation unit in an internal circulation mode, and is circulated for many times in the rapid dry fermentation unit to adjust the oxygen concentration and the temperature; meanwhile, the malodorous gas is degraded under the action of compost microorganisms;
in addition, hot steam generated by compost can be fully utilized through circulating oxygen supply in the rapid dry fermentation unit, so that the compost treatment efficiency is improved, and further drying and decomposition of compost products are promoted;
the gas containing the stink and the microbial aerosol which can not be recycled enters a gas treatment unit containing the stink and the microbial aerosol for treatment and then is discharged;
further, it can not recycle the odor andthe gas of the microbial aerosol is dedusted and deodorized by a biological spraying box, wherein dust is intercepted by spraying plant liquid; meanwhile, malodorous gas passes through a filter layer which is wet, porous and full of active microorganisms, and the malodorous gas is absorbed and decomposed into CO by utilizing the adsorption, absorption and degradation effects of the microorganisms on the malodorous gas 2 、H 2 O、H 2 SO 4 And the like; the gaseous drying defogging case that gets into of biological spraying case processing back that finishes, waste gas pass through the absorption and the drying of adsorption stage, improve foul gas and microorganism aerosol's purification rate, handle through UV photodissociation device at last, can catalyze oxygen to generate ozone and oxygen activity gene through UV light, discharge after stench and microorganism aerosol gaseous fully purification reach standard under high-energy ultraviolet light, ozone and the synergism of oxygen activity gene.
Example 3
The treatment system and the treatment method of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 are adopted to carry out the treatment of the in-situ wet garbage, and in the comparison group 1, on the basis of the embodiment 2, the microbial agent 1 and the microbial agent 2 inoculated in the rapid dry fermentation unit are replaced by yeast bacteria liquid, and the concentration of the yeast bacteria liquid is 3.0 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/mL, the inoculation amount is 5 per mill. The quality of the compost products was compared according to various indexes of the obtained fertilizers measured through the fermentation period of 10d, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002927859240000241
Figure BDA0002927859240000251
The in-situ wet waste treatment is carried out according to the treatment system and the treatment method in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, and each index of the obtained fertilizer is better than the index value according to the agricultural control standard of urban waste (GB 8172-87); and is superior to the quality of the control 1 compost product.
Example 4
Compost leachate was treated according to the treatment systems and methods of examples 1 and 2, and control 2 was FeSO obtained from the treatment and recycling step of S5 leachate based on example 2 of the present invention 4 ·7H 2 O/H 2 O 2 The ratio, the concentration of the active carbon and the adsorption time are adjusted to FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O/H 2 O 2 1(g/mL), the concentration of the activated carbon is 6g/L, and the leachate stays in the adsorption tank for 1 h; and various indexes of the leachate are measured, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Item Example 4 Control group 2
BOD5/(mg/L) 13 18
COD/(mg/L) 45 70
turbidity/NTU 5 10
Ammonia nitrogen/(mg/L) 8 12
Total nitrogen/(mg/L) 13 15
Total phosphorus/(mg/L) 0.5 0.8
As can be seen from Table 2, the quality of the effluent of the embodiment 4 can reach the standards of urban greening, road cleaning and vehicle washing in the quality of urban miscellaneous water for urban sewage recycling (GB/T18920-2002); and has better treatment effect on leachate than the control group 2.
Example 5
The fermentation unit was recharged after pretreatment of compost leachate according to the treatment systems and treatment methods of examples 1 and 2, and the control group 3 replaced the leachate after pretreatment with the leachate without pretreatment based on example 2, and the control group 4 replaced the leachate after pretreatment with tap water based on example 2. The results of comparison of the composting effects according to the various indexes of the fermentation process are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Item Example 5 Control group 3 Control group 4
Ammonia nitrogen/(mg/g) 0.55 0.7 0.5
Maximum composting temperature/(° c) 62 60 50
Proportion of decrease in volatile solid content/(%) 40 30 25
Windrow height reduction proportion/(%) 60 55 45
NH4+-N/NO3--N 0.019 0.03 0.08
As can be seen from table 3, in example 5, leachate generated during the garbage composting process is pretreated and then fed back into the compost material, so that compared with direct feeding back and feeding back of tap water compost, the stability of the compost is promoted and the composting and decomposing process is accelerated.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed in the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the description of the method part.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. A wet garbage recycling method for in-situ treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: feeding and discharging;
s2: pretreatment:
s21: sorting: screening the wet garbage by a sorting device, wherein the wet garbage with the particle size of less than or equal to 80mm is subjected to landfill treatment after metal substances are separated by a magnetic separator; separating metal substances from wet garbage with the particle size of more than 80mm by a magnetic separator, and then feeding the wet garbage into a crushing device;
s22: crushing: the crushing device crushes cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by adopting the synergistic action of shearing crushing and hammer type crushing, and conveys the crushed cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin to a screw press dehydrator after the crushed cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are crushed until the particle size is 15-20 mm;
s23: and (3) dehydrating: extruding the crushed materials by a screw squeezing dehydrator, and conveying the materials to a quick dry fermentation unit after the water content of the materials reaches 45-50%;
s3: dry aerobic fermentation: adding an initiating explosive and a microbial agent 1 after composting for 1-2 days; adding a microbial agent 2 after composting for 5-7 days;
and the initial fermentation temperature is less than 45 ℃;
the temperature of the high-temperature stage in the middle stage of fermentation is controlled to be 60-65 ℃, and the duration is more than 3 days;
the temperature is reduced to less than 45 ℃ in the later fermentation period;
controlling the water content of the pile body at 45-55%;
controlling the oxygen concentration at 15-20%;
the ventilation rate is 0.5-0.6L/min.kg during the fermentation period;
wherein the initiating explosive is glucose;
the micro-meterThe biological agent 1 comprises: the ratio of bacillus subtilis to bacillus pumilus to actinomyces aegypti to saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:1:1:1, and the concentration of each bacterium is (2.0-4.0) × 10 8 CFU/mL；
The microbial agent 2 comprises: aspergillus niger, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the ratio of 1:1:1, and the concentration of each bacterium is (5.0-7.0) × 10 7 CFU/mL；
Wherein the inoculation amount of the initiating explosive is 1-2%, and the inoculation amounts of the microbial agent 1 and the microbial agent 2 are both 3-5 per mill;
s4: preparing a fertilizer: conveying the material subjected to dry aerobic fermentation treatment to a fertilizer preparation unit, carrying out biological drying treatment on sieved substances until the water content is less than 15%, and cooling to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s5: and (3) leachate treatment and recycling: conveying leachate generated after dry aerobic fermentation treatment to a flocculation tank, adjusting pH, adding a flocculating agent, stirring, settling, precipitating and separating, extracting humic acid for preparing a fertilizer, pumping supernatant into an electrochemical reactor for denitrification treatment, returning a part of treated liquid to a decomposition bin, and adjusting the pH value of the rest part, oxidizing and adsorbing for recycling;
wherein the flocculant in the step S5 is FeCl 3 And the flocculant is added according to 0.03 percent of the volume of the leachate, and is stirred in three stages after the flocculant is added, wherein,
a first stirring stage: the stirring speed is 200-220r/min, and the stirring time is 10-13 min;
a second stirring stage: the stirring speed is 100-120r/min, and the stirring time is 5-8 min;
a third stirring stage: stirring at 50-70r/min for 5-8 min;
before adding the flocculant, the pH is adjusted to 2-5;
step S5, adjusting the pH of the rest part to 6-7, and using FeSO as oxidant 4 ·7H 2 O and H 2 O 2 And FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O and H 2 O 2 The mass volume ratio is 0.5g:1ml, the adsorbent is 10g/L of activated carbon, and the adsorption time is 3 h;
s6: and (4) treating the gas containing odor and microorganism aerosol.
2. The wet garbage recycling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an integrated in-situ recycling system for wet garbage is used, comprising: the device comprises a feeding and discharging unit, a pretreatment unit, a rapid dry fermentation unit, a fertilizer preparation unit, a leachate treatment and recycling unit, a gas treatment unit containing odor and microorganism aerosol and an automatic monitoring and control unit;
the pretreatment unit is positioned at the bottom of the feeding and discharging unit;
the rapid dry fermentation unit is positioned at one side of the pretreatment unit;
the fertilizer preparation unit is connected with a discharge port of the rapid dry fermentation unit;
the leachate treatment and recycling unit is connected with a liquid outlet of the rapid dry fermentation unit;
the odor and microorganism containing aerosol gas treatment unit is connected with an exhaust port of the rapid dry fermentation unit;
the automatic monitoring and control unit is respectively connected with the feeding and discharging unit, the pretreatment unit, the rapid dry fermentation unit, the fertilizer preparation unit, the leachate treatment and recycling unit and the treatment unit for the gas containing the odor and the microorganism aerosol.
3. The method for recycling wet waste according to claim 2,
the pretreatment unit comprises a sorting unit, a crushing device and a screw squeezing dehydrator which are connected in sequence;
the sorting unit comprises a sorting device and a magnetic separator; the sorting device is arranged at the bottom of the feeding and discharging unit, and the magnetic separator is positioned above the conveyor belt;
the crushing device is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic separator;
the spiral squeezing dehydrator is arranged on one side of the crushing device and is connected with the feed inlet of the rapid dry type fermentation unit.
4. The wet refuse recycling method according to claim 2,
the rapid dry fermentation unit comprises: a decomposing bin;
the fertilizer preparation unit is connected with a discharge hole of the decomposing bin;
the leachate treatment and recycling unit is connected with a liquid outlet of the decomposing bin;
the spiral squeezing dehydrator is connected with the feed inlet of the decomposing bin.
5. The wet refuse recycling method according to claim 4, further comprising: the system comprises a first liquid inlet system, an initiating explosive storage tank and a microbial agent storage tank;
a first liquid inlet system is arranged at the top of the decomposing bin;
the first liquid inlet system is connected with the microbial agent storage tank;
the detonating agent storage tank is arranged on the outer side wall of the decomposing bin.
6. The wet refuse recycling method according to claim 4,
the leachate treatment and recycling unit comprises the following components in sequential connection: a flocculation tank, an electrochemical reactor and an oxidation tank;
the flocculation tank is connected with a liquid outlet of the decomposition bin.
7. The wet refuse recycling method according to claim 4, further comprising: a return pipe and a fan, and
the unit for treating aerosol gas containing malodors and microorganisms comprises: the device comprises a biological spraying box, a drying and defogging box and a UV photolysis device;
the biological spraying box and the return pipe are respectively connected with a flow distribution pipeline at the exhaust port end of the decomposing bin; one end of the fan is connected with the shunt pipeline, and the other end of the fan is connected with the return pipe;
the biological spraying case in proper order with dry defogging case with UV photodissociation device connects.
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