CN112939590B - 一种x波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种x波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112939590B
CN112939590B CN202110268769.1A CN202110268769A CN112939590B CN 112939590 B CN112939590 B CN 112939590B CN 202110268769 A CN202110268769 A CN 202110268769A CN 112939590 B CN112939590 B CN 112939590B
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兰中文
罗全邦
邬传健
唐明星
余忠
李元兴
孙科
蒋晓娜
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Sichuan Magunion Technology Co ltd
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料,属于铁氧体材料制备技术领域。包括主成分和添加剂,主成分:13.89~14.29mol%BaCO3、1.27~3.78mol%Al2O3、2.54~5.56mol%CuO、3.81~6.94mol%Sc2O3、69.83~78.09%mol%Fe2O3;添加剂:0.25~2.05wt%Bi2O3、0.1~1.0wt%CuO、0.75~2.75wt%CaCO3、0.8~2.4wt%SiO2、0.1~0.6wt%Al2O3、0.4~0.8wt%C12H24CaO15。本发明六角铁氧体材料兼具高的磁晶各向异性场、高的剩磁比、高的矫顽力以及较低的铁磁共振线宽。

Description

一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于铁氧体材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
微波器件如环行器、隔离器广泛地应用于国防武器装备系统和电子信息技术领域,尤其是在舰载/机载/星载雷达的应用频段-X波段(8-12GHz)。X波段雷达(X BandRadar,简写为XBR)是对火控、目标跟踪雷达的统称,其波长在3厘米以下,有上下左右各50度的视角,并且可以360度旋转侦查各个方向的目标,通常用于弹道导弹防御、测试、演习、训练,并协同观测比如太空碎片、航天飞机等的运行轨道;以其极高的目标识别能力和对抗极端天气的高稳定性更是成为各国竞相关注的焦点。根据巴基斯坦MRC公司市场预测,X波段雷达市场到2026年将达到76.5亿美元,年复合增长率为5.4%。
微波器件是利用铁氧体材料的旋磁特性研制的。常见微波器件设计与研制中采用的是具有尖晶石结构或者石榴石结构的铁氧体材料。上述两种材料具有较低的铁磁共振线宽和介电损耗等优点,但其各向异性和剩磁比也较低;X波段微波器件如环行器需给铁氧体基片外加高度为2mm的外置磁钢(其体积和重量约占微波器件的80%以上)以提供偏置磁场,才能实现环行功能,这必将增加器件重量和体积,很难满足微波集成电路系统小型轻量化的需求。磁铅石型六角铁氧体材料具有高的矫顽力、高的剩磁比和高的各向异性,可在铁氧体内部形成自建“内场”,为微波器件工作提供自偏置场,完全摆脱外置磁钢束缚,实现准平面化特性。因此,开展X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料研究和制备具有十分重要的战略意义。
针对X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料,美国东北大学(J.Appl.Phys.,2008,103(7):07F710)公布了一种BaFe11InO19铁氧体的性能指标:饱和磁化强度4πMs=4000Gs,剩磁比Mr/Ms=0.93,矫顽力Hc=634Oe,铁磁共振线宽ΔH≈860Oe,材料的各向异性场未公布;由于材料的矫顽力较低和铁磁共振线宽较大,难以实现X波段微波器件准平面化特性。德国耶拿应用科技大学(J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.,2005,25(9):1681-1688)发布了一种CaO和SiO2掺杂的六角铁氧体材料,性能指标如下:剩磁4πMr=4.3kGs,矫顽力Hc=3770Oe,剩磁比Mr/Ms以及铁磁共振线宽ΔH均未公布。美国东北大学(J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,2008,91:2952)采用氧化物陶瓷法制备了一种Sc取代的六角铁氧体材料,其性能指标为:各向异性场Ha=8kOe,剩磁4πMr=2.5kGs,剩磁比Mr/Ms=0.92,矫顽力Hc=1430Oe,铁磁共振线宽ΔH=530Oe;材料虽然具有适宜的各向异性场和较高的剩磁,但铁磁共振线宽较大。法国布雷斯特大学(IEEEMTT-S Microwave Symposium,Phoenix,2015:1-4)采用固相烧结法制备的六角铁氧体材料性能指标为:各向异性场Ha=21kOe,饱和磁化强度4πMs=4200Gs,剩磁比Mr/Ms=0.90,铁磁共振线宽ΔH=1.5kOe,矫顽力未公布。专利CN108424137A公布的一种六角锶铁氧体材料性能指标为:各向异性场Ha>15kOe,剩磁4πMr>4.3kGs,铁磁共振线宽ΔH>340Oe,矫顽力Hc未公布,铁磁共振线宽ΔH较大。上述材料由于铁磁共振线宽较大,所研制的X波段准平面化器件的插损较大,无法实现整机系统的工程化应用。
综上所述,针对X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料,单一配方及工艺技术无法制备兼具高而可调的磁晶各向异性场、高的剩磁比、高的矫顽力以及较低的铁磁共振线宽特征的六角铁氧体材料,满足微波器件准平面化特性需求。因此本发明提供一种X波段准平面化环行器件用六角铁氧体材料及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对背景技术存在的缺陷,提出了一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料及其制备方法,该六角铁氧体材料兼具高而可调的磁晶各向异性场、高的剩磁比、高的矫顽力以及较低的铁磁共振线宽特性。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料,其特征在于,所述六角铁氧体材料包括主成分和添加剂,所述主成分包括:13.89~14.29mol%BaCO3、1.27~3.78mol%Al2O3、2.54~5.56mol%CuO、3.81~6.94mol%Sc2O3、69.83~78.09%mol%Fe2O3;按主成分重量百分比,以氧化物计算,所述添加剂包括:0.25~2.05wt%Bi2O3、0.1~1.0wt%CuO、0.75~2.75wt%CaCO3、0.8~2.4wt%SiO2、0.1~0.6wt%Al2O3、0.4~0.8wt%C12H24CaO15
一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、预烧料制备:
1.1以BaCO3、Al2O3、CuO、Sc2O3和Fe2O3作为原料,按照主成分:
13.89~14.29mol%BaCO3、1.27~3.78mol%Al2O3、2.54~5.56mol%CuO、3.81~6.94mol%Sc2O3、69.83~78.09%mol%Fe2O3的比例称取原料,然后进行一次球磨15~21h;
1.2将步骤1.1得到的一次球磨料烘干、过筛后,在1300~1400℃温度下预烧3~6h,随炉冷却至室温后,取出,得到预烧料;
步骤2、掺杂:
将步骤1得到的预烧料过筛后,加入添加剂:0.25~2.05wt%Bi2O3、0.1~1.0wt%CuO、0.75~2.75wt%CaCO3、0.8~2.4wt%SiO2、0.1~0.6wt%Al2O3、0.4~0.8wt%C12H24CaO15,然后进行二次球磨21~27h,粉体粒度控制在0.8~1.2μm之间;
步骤3、成型、烧结:
3.1将步骤2得到的二次球磨料进行适当脱水,控制浆料的含水量在35wt%~50wt%之间,然后,在磁场成型压机下进行液压成型,成型压力为6~10MPa,成型磁场强度为12~18kOe;
3.2将步骤3.1得到的样品放入烧结炉内,在950~1100℃下烧结2.5~4.5h,烧结完成后,随炉自然冷却至室温,得到所述X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料。
步骤4、测试:
对步骤3得到的X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料进行磁性能及磁损耗测试:饱和磁化强度Ms、剩磁比Mr/Ms、内禀矫顽力Hcj采用美国LakeShore 8604型VSM测试,磁晶各向异性场(Ha)由Kittle公式
Figure BDA0002973227230000031
推出,铁磁共振线宽(ΔH)采用美国Agilent N5227A矢量网络分析仪测试。
本发明提供的一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料,其性能指标为:
磁晶各向异性场Ha≤15kOe;
饱和磁化强度Ms≤3800Gs;
剩磁比Mr/Ms≥0.90;
内禀矫顽力Hcj≥2000Oe;
铁磁共振线宽ΔH≤300Oe;
本发明的核心思想是:主配方添加Sc2O3、Al2O3、CuO、BaCO3、Fe2O3,一方面Sc3+取代可降低磁晶各向异性,从而调控各向异性场;另一方面Al3+取代可提高矫顽力,有利于满足X波段准平面化器件的自偏置需求;此外,Cu2+喜占Fe3+中2a(↑)和4f2(↓)位置,占据比例约为1:2,有利于调控材料的饱和磁化强度4πMs。在添加剂方面,一部分CuO富集在晶界形成杂质浓度梯度,增强磁矩反磁化阻力,提高矫顽力,另一部分CuO与Bi2O3生成多种共存型Bi-Cu氧化物(Bi4CuO7、Bi2CuO4、Bi2CuO4和Bi2Cu2O5),Bi2CuO4和Bi2O3形成的混合相,具有良好的传导作用,熔点仅为770℃,这些低熔点物质在烧结过程中会引入液相机制,即在铁氧体颗粒之间形成毛细液管桥,产生牵引作用,使得铁氧体颗粒相互聚拢,实现重排,形成致密均匀的显微结构,降低烧结体气孔率,气孔引起的气孔致宽得以降低,从而降低铁磁共振线宽;掺杂CaCO3、SiO2和Al2O3,细化晶粒,窄化颗粒分布,提高剩磁取向;在配制浆料时引入C12H24CaO15(葡萄糖酸钙),分散磁性颗粒,促进磁矩转动,提高取向度。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供的一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料,主配方Sc、Al、Cu取代调控六角铁氧体材料的各向异性场,适于X波段微波器件应用,同时提高矫顽力和剩磁比,有利于实现器件的准平面特性;对添加剂配比及工艺优化,得到了兼具低铁磁共振线宽特征的六角铁氧体材料,有利于降低准平面化器件的插入损耗,实现工程化应用。因此,本发明六角铁氧体材料兼具高而可调的磁晶各向异性场、高的剩磁比、高的矫顽力以及较低的铁磁共振线宽特性。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的六角微波铁氧体材料的扫描电镜照片;
图2为实施例2的六角微波铁氧体材料的扫描电镜照片;
图3为实施例3的六角微波铁氧体材料的扫描电镜照片;
图4为实施例4的六角微波铁氧体材料的扫描电镜照片;
图5为实施例5的六角微波铁氧体材料的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
针对X波段微波器件小型轻量化的应用需求,本发明提供一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料及其制备方法。首先通过优选高纯度的Sc2O3、Al2O3、CuO、BaCO3、Fe2O3为原材料,深入分析六角铁氧体材料的离子占位情况,采用金属离子Sc、Al、Cu离子进行调控,以实现高而可调的磁晶各向异性Ha、高的剩磁比Mr/Ms、高的矫顽力Hc以及较低的铁磁共振线宽ΔH为指导思想,制定最佳的配方范围;然后,结合不同种类添加剂对六角铁氧体材料显微结构的作用机制,研究了Bi2O3、CuO、CaCO3、SiO2和C12H24CaO15对其晶粒晶界特性的影响,制定最优的添加剂配方,最终制备出兼具高而可调的磁晶各向异性场、高的剩磁比、高的矫顽力以及较低的铁磁共振线宽特征的六角铁氧体材料。
实施例
实施例1~5六角铁氧体材料的制备方法,具体包括:
1、配方
主成分采用BaCO3、Sc2O3、Al2O3、CuO、Fe2O3,实施例1~5中对应主成分配比如下表所示,按摩尔百分比,以氧化物计算;
Figure BDA0002973227230000051
2、一次球磨
将步骤1的粉料在球磨机中混合均匀,时间15小时;
3、预烧
将步骤2所得的湿粉料烘干、过筛后,在1350℃温度下预烧4h,随炉冷却至室温后,取出,得到预烧料;
4、掺杂
将步骤3所得预烧料按质量比加入以下添加剂:
Figure BDA0002973227230000052
5、二次球磨
将步骤4所得粉料在球磨机中球磨24h,粉体粒度控制在0.8~1.2μm之间;
6、磁场成型
将步骤5所得的湿粉料进行适当脱水,控制浆料的含水量在40wt%,并在磁场成型压机下进行液压成型,成型压力为10MPa,成型磁场强度为15kOe;
7、烧结
将步骤6所得生坯放入烧结炉内,在1000℃下烧结3h,烧结完成后,随炉自然冷却至室温,得到所述X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料。
8、测试
将步骤7所得烧结样品进行磁性能及磁损耗测试;材料的剩磁比Mr/Ms、剩余磁化强度Mr、内禀矫顽力Hcj采用美国LakeShore 8604型VSM测试,磁晶各向异性场(Ha)通过Kittle公式推出,铁磁共振线宽(ΔH)采用美国Agilent N5227A矢量网络分析仪测试。
经过以上工艺制备出的X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料,性能指标如下:
实施例1~5测试结果如下:
Figure BDA0002973227230000061

Claims (1)

1.一种X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料,其特征在于,所述六角铁氧体材料包括主成分和添加剂,所述主成分包括:13.89~14.29mol%BaCO3、1.27~3.78mol%Al2O3、2.54~5.56mol%CuO、3.81~6.94mol%Sc2O3、69.83~78.09%mol%Fe2O3;按主成分重量百分比,以氧化物计算,所述添加剂包括:0.25~2.05wt%Bi2O3、0.1~1.0wt%CuO、0.75~2.75wt%CaCO3、0.8~2.4wt%SiO2、0.1~0.6wt%Al2O3、0.4~0.8wt%C12H24CaO15
所述X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料是采用以下方法制备得到的:
步骤1、预烧料制备:
1.1以BaCO3、Al2O3、CuO、Sc2O3和Fe2O3作为原料,按照主成分:13.89~14.29mol%BaCO3、1.27~3.78mol%Al2O3、2.54~5.56mol%CuO、3.81~6.94mol%Sc2O3、69.83~78.09%mol%Fe2O3的比例称取原料,然后进行一次球磨;
1.2将步骤1.1得到的一次球磨料烘干、过筛后,在1300~1400℃温度下预烧3~6h,随炉冷却至室温后,取出,得到预烧料;
步骤2、掺杂:
将步骤1得到的预烧料过筛后,加入添加剂:0.25~2.05wt%Bi2O3、0.1~1.0wt%CuO、0.75~2.75wt%CaCO3、0.8~2.4wt%SiO2、0.1~0.6wt%Al2O3、0.4~0.8wt%C12H24CaO15,然后进行二次球磨;
步骤3、成型、烧结:
3.1将步骤2得到的二次球磨料脱水,控制浆料的含水量在35wt%~50wt%之间,然后进行液压成型,成型压力为6~10MPa,成型磁场强度为12~18kOe;
3.2将步骤3.1得到的样品放入烧结炉内,在950~1100℃下烧结2.5~4.5h,烧结完成后,随炉自然冷却至室温,得到所述X波段准平面化器件用六角铁氧体材料。
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