CN112939377A - Ecological restoration method for lake swinging water in plain river network area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for lake swinging water in plain river network area Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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Abstract
The application provides a ecological restoration method for lake sloshing water in a plain river network area, which comprises the following steps: dividing a water area space into a shoal area, a transition area and a deep pool area according to a preset underwater elevation; respectively judging key factors influencing water quality in the shoal area and the transition area according to water body index data; and according to the result of the discrimination, the partition is respectively processed by adopting a mode of directly planting the dwarf tape grass or planting the dwarf tape grass after the turbidity reduction treatment; and then, long-acting management and protection are carried out on the dwarf tape grass planted in the shoal area and the transition area. The method not only treats the lake part in different areas, but also treats each area in the mode of planting the dwarf type eel grass and long-acting management and protection of the dwarf type eel grass in the later period, so that the ecological restoration of the lake part is purposefully treated in different areas, the restoration work takes the natural restoration of the aquatic weeds as a main body, the later maintenance cost is low, and the method is worthy of popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of water environment treatment, in particular to an ecological restoration method for lake swinging water in a plain river network area.
Background
The river ports of the plain water network area are criss-cross and the lakes are connected with the pieces, so that the ecological water network area has unique ecological service functions of pollutant interception, water quality purification, ecological tourism and the like.
In recent years, due to the influences of regional urbanization, high-density water body culture, increased pollution discharge and the like, the lake swinging wetland area is sharply reduced, the water body ecological degradation is serious, the biological diversity is reduced, the water environment capacity is reduced, the self-cleaning capacity is reduced, and the task of recovering the healthy lake swinging wetland ecosystem is huge. The ecological restoration method is mainly used for improving the habitat such as artificial restoration of floating beds and aquatic plants and biological interception of waterfront bank zones, and the whole lake swinging water body is treated in the treatment process, so that the treatment process is large in blindness, multiple in artificial measures, less in natural restoration and high in later maintenance cost.
Therefore, further solution to the above technical problems is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an ecological restoration method for lake sloshing water in a plain river network area, which can solve the technical problems of large blindness, more artificial measures, less natural recovery and high later maintenance cost in the treatment process caused by the current treatment of the whole lake sloshing water.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the application provides an ecological restoration method for lake swinging water in a plain river network area, which is used for lake swinging with 20% of regional water depth not more than 2.1m and annual lowest water temperature more than or equal to 5 ℃, and comprises the following steps:
dividing a water area space into a shoal area, a transition area and a deep pool area according to a preset underwater elevation;
respectively judging key factors influencing water quality of the shoal area and the transition area according to water body index data;
if the water transparency of the shoal area and the transition area is more than or equal to 70cm, the habitat of the shoal area and the transition area is improved simultaneously in a mode of planting dwarf tape grass; if the water transparency of the shoal area and the transition area is greater than or equal to 50cm and smaller than 70cm, planting the dwarf tape grass in the shoal area, judging key factors influencing water quality in the transition area, and performing treatment by selecting corresponding materials to reduce turbidity and then planting the dwarf tape grass; if the water transparency of the shoal area and the water transparency of the transition area are smaller than 50cm, respectively judging key factors influencing the water quality of the shoal area and the transition area, wherein the shoal area and the transition area are subjected to turbidity reduction treatment by selecting corresponding materials firstly, and then planting the dwarf tape grass to improve the habitat;
and performing long-acting management and protection on the dwarf tape grass planted in the shoal area and the transition area.
The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.
Optionally, in the ecological restoration method for lake oscillation water in the flat river network area, an underwater elevation of the shallow beach area is less than 1.5m, an underwater elevation of the transition area is greater than or equal to 1.5m and less than 2.1m, and an underwater elevation of the deep pool area is greater than or equal to 2.1 m;
and the underwater elevation is equal to the sum of the current water depth, the floating mud thickness and the hydrological difference.
Optionally, in the method for restoring water turbulence ecology in the lake of the plain river network area, the water body index data includes water body transparency, suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll a concentration and absorption coefficient at 254 nm.
Optionally, in the method for restoring ecological state of lake swinging water in the plain river network area, current water body index data of the shoal area and the transition area are obtained through monitoring;
the method for monitoring and obtaining the current water body index data of the shoal area and the transition area comprises the following steps:
respectively arranging 1 or more monitoring point locations in the shoal area and the transition area, and detecting the water body index data of the monitoring point locations according to a preset frequency;
respectively calculating the transparency, the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration and the monthly mean value of the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the shoal area as the water body index data of the shoal area; and respectively calculating the transparency, the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration and the monthly mean value of the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the transition region as the water body index data of the transition region.
Optionally, the method for restoring ecology of lake waters in the plain river network area comprises a preset frequency of 5 to 10 days, and a monitoring period of at least 1 month.
Optionally, in the method for restoring ecology of lake swinging in the plain river network area, before the turbidity reduction treatment is adopted, the key factor influencing the water quality is judged to be one or more of the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration or the absorption coefficient at 254 nm;
wherein, if the key factor of the suspended matter concentration exists, the turbidity reduction treatment is carried out by applying a mixture of polyaluminium chloride and bentonite to the water body, wherein the application amount of the polyaluminium chloride is 0.8-1.2mg/L, and the application amount of the bentonite is 4-6 mg/L;
if the key factor of chlorophyll a concentration exists, carrying out turbidity reduction treatment by applying copper sulfate to the water body, wherein the application amount of the copper sulfate is 0.05-0.15 mg/L;
if the key factor of absorption coefficient at 254nm exists, performing turbidity reduction treatment by applying potassium hydrogen persulfate to the water body, wherein the application amount of the potassium hydrogen persulfate is 0.2-0.4g/m3。
Optionally, in the method for restoring ecological state of lake swinging water in the flat river network area, if the concentration of suspended matters in the shoal area is greater than or equal to 20 mg/L, the concentration is used as a key factor for influencing the water quality of the shoal area;
if the chlorophyll a concentration of the shoal area is more than or equal to 30 mug/L, the chlorophyll a concentration is taken as a key factor influencing the water quality of the shoal area;
if the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the shoal region is more than or equal to 46m-1The water quality of the shoal area is influenced by the key factors;
if the suspended matter concentration of the transition area is more than or equal to 15mg/L, taking the suspended matter concentration as a key factor influencing the water quality of the transition area;
if the chlorophyll a concentration in the transition zone is more than or equal to 25 mug/L, the chlorophyll a concentration is taken as a key factor influencing the water quality of the transition zone;
as the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the transition region is greater than or equal to 40m-1As a key factor affecting the water quality in the transition zone.
Optionally, in the method for restoring ecology of lake waters in the plain river network area, the method for improving the habitat by planting the dwarf tape grass comprises:
laying short tape grass lawn blocks with the length of 20-40cm and the width of 20-40cm in the shoal area, wherein the total laying coverage is 10-20% of the shoal area;
laying short tape grass lawn blocks with the length of 20-40cm and the width of 20-40cm in the transition area, wherein the total coverage of the laid short tape grass lawn blocks is 20-40% of that of the transition area.
Optionally, the method for restoring ecology of lake waters in the plain river network area comprises:
when the cover degree of the short-type eel grass and the autogenous aquatic grass in the shoal area and/or the transition area is 60% -70% larger than the area of the shoal area and/or the transition area, harvesting the short-type eel grass to enable the cover degree of the short-type eel grass and the aquatic grass in the shoal area and/or the transition area to be 50%, and circularly harvesting the short-type eel grass until only the autogenous aquatic grass is left in the shoal area and the transition area.
Optionally, in the method for restoring ecology of lake waters in the plain river network area, the long-acting management and protection further includes:
detecting the total nitrogen concentration in the water body after 1.5-2 months of planting the short-type picrass in the shoal zone and the transition zone, and throwing iron-carbon filler into the water if the total nitrogen concentration is more than 2.0 mg/L;
wherein the throwing amount of the iron-carbon filler is 50-150g/m2。
Optionally, in the method for restoring ecology of lake swinging in the plain river network area, the situation that the habitat of the low type eel grass planted in the shallow beach area and the transition area is improved, and meanwhile, the particle-encapsulated peroxide is thrown into the deep pool area;
wherein the throwing amount of the peroxide in the particle-coated state is 0.2 to 0.4g/m3。
By the technical scheme, the ecological restoration method for lake swinging water in the plain river network area at least has the following advantages:
according to the ecological restoration method for the lake swinging water in the plain river network area, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the lake swinging is divided into three areas, namely a shoal area, a transition area and a deep pool area, and then the three areas are respectively treated, so that the problems of large blindness and more manual measures in the treatment process caused by the integral treatment of the lake swinging are solved; and moreover, what kind of factors influence the water quality in the shoal area and the transition area is judged in advance, then the mode of directly planting the short-form eel grass is adopted for treatment, or the mode of planting the short-form eel grass after the turbidity reduction treatment is adopted for the influencing factors is adopted for treatment, the treatment mode is not the mode of integral treatment in a cutting mode, but is the mode of zoning and pertinence treatment, the final treatment mode is planting eel grass, namely, the water quality is purified by utilizing the natural growth of the eel grass, the natural recovery of the whole treatment process is much, the later maintenance is only to carry out long-acting management and protection on the short-form eel grass, and the cost is low.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present application will become readily apparent from the following detailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the present application are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar or corresponding parts and in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart showing a method for ecological restoration of lake water in a plain river network area;
FIG. 2 schematically shows a lake zoning schematic for one particular case;
FIG. 3 is a graph schematically showing the change of transparency of a water body for water quality restoration of a lake;
FIG. 4 is a graph schematically showing the variation of total nitrogen in a water body for water quality restoration of a special lake;
FIG. 5 is a graph schematically showing the change of total phosphorus in a water body for water quality restoration of a special lake;
FIG. 6 is a graph schematically showing the variation of ammonia nitrogen content in a water body for water quality restoration of a special lake;
figure 7 schematically shows a graph of permanganate index change in a body of water for water remediation in a particular case of a lake.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for restoring ecology of lake water in the plain river network area provided in an embodiment of the present invention is used for 20% of lake water with regional water depth not exceeding 2.1m and annual minimum water temperature not less than 5 ℃, and includes:
101. and dividing the water area space into a shoal area, a transition area and a deep pool area according to the preset underwater elevation.
Specifically, the underwater elevation is equal to the sum of the numerical values of the current water depth, the floating mud thickness and the water level difference, the current water depth (H1) is the distance between the water surface and the bottom mud on the current measurement day, the floating mud thickness (H2) is the density of the underwater bottom mud which is less than or equal to 1.1g/cm3, the floating mud is in a flowing state at the water bottom, and the water level difference (H3) is the difference between the annual average high water level and the measured water level. The current water depth and floating mud measurement can adopt a sailing type bottom mud measuring instrument, the current water depth and floating mud thickness are measured simultaneously, and the water head can be obtained through hydrology or water conservancy departments.
The underwater elevation of the shoal area can be smaller than 1.7m, the underwater elevation of the transition area is larger than or equal to 1.7m and smaller than 2.1m, and the underwater elevation of the deep pool area is larger than or equal to 2.1 m. The underwater elevation of the optimal shoal area can be smaller than 1.5m, the underwater elevation of the transition area is larger than or equal to 1.5m and smaller than 2.1m, and the underwater elevation of the deep pool area is larger than or equal to 2.1 m.
102. Respectively judging key factors influencing water quality of the shoal area and the transition area according to water body index data; if the water transparency of the shoal area and the transition area is more than or equal to 70cm, the habitat of the shoal area and the transition area is improved simultaneously in a mode of planting dwarf tape grass; if the water transparency of the shoal area and the transition area is greater than or equal to 50cm and smaller than 70cm, planting the dwarf tape grass in the shoal area, judging key factors influencing water quality in the transition area, and performing treatment by selecting corresponding materials to reduce turbidity and then planting the dwarf tape grass; and if the water transparencies of the shoal area and the transition area are less than 50cm, respectively judging key factors influencing the water quality of the shoal area and the transition area, wherein the shoal area and the transition area are subjected to turbidity reduction treatment by selecting corresponding materials firstly, and then planting the dwarf tape grass to improve the habitat.
Specifically, because the area of the deep pool area occupies that the whole lake sways the area and is less than 20%, the application can mainly achieve the purpose of improving the whole lake swaying water quality through the treatment of the shoal area and the transition area. Therefore, after the lake is divided into zones, the shoal zone and the transition zone are emphatically monitored and treated for water quality.
And obtaining the current water body index data of the shoal area and the transition area through monitoring.
Specifically, the water body index data of the monitoring shoal area and the transition area comprise water body transparency, suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll a concentration and an absorption coefficient at 254 nm. The method for monitoring and obtaining the current water body index data of the shoal area and the transition area comprises the following steps:
respectively arranging 1 or more monitoring point locations in the shoal area and the transition area, and detecting the water body index data of the monitoring point locations according to a preset frequency;
respectively calculating the transparency, the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration and the monthly mean value of the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the shoal area as the water body index data of the shoal area; and respectively calculating the transparency, the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration and the monthly mean value of the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the transition region as the water body index data of the transition region.
Furthermore, the selection of the monitoring point locations may be determined according to the experience of the worker, or may be selected at the middle position close to the shoal area and the middle position of the transition area, or a plurality of monitoring point locations may be set, and the monitoring point locations are uniformly distributed at the shoal area and the transition area at intervals. The preset frequency for detecting the water quality at the monitoring point can be set to be once every 5-10 days, for example, once every 7 days, and the monitoring time is at least 1 month, and preferably, the monitoring is started one month before the water quality restoration is implemented.
In addition, it should be noted that the dwarf type eel grass is only a preferred submerged plant selected by the application, but not limited to the dwarf type eel grass, and can also be other submerged plants capable of purifying water quality.
After the water body index data of the shoal area and the transition area are respectively obtained through a monitoring mode, the transparency is used as a preferential judgment basis, whether the short tape grass can be planted in the shoal area and the transition area is firstly judged, and the threshold value of the transparency of the water body can be set to be 50 cm. When the water transparency of the shoal area and the water transparency of the transition area are both larger than 50cm, and when the water transparency is larger than or equal to 70cm, planting the dwarf type eel grass in the shoal area and the transition area to improve the habitat, and when the water transparency is larger than or equal to 50cm and smaller than 70cm, planting the dwarf type eel grass in the shoal area, judging the key factors influencing the water quality in the transition area, judging whether the transition area is influenced by three water indexes of the concentration of suspended matters, the concentration of chlorophyll a and the absorption coefficient at the position of 254nm, and then adopting a mode of firstly selecting corresponding materials to reduce turbidity and then planting the dwarf type eel grass according to the specific influenced conditions to treat, or when the water transparency is larger than or equal to 70cm in the shoal area, planting the dwarf type eel grass in the transition area. If the transparency of the water body is lower than 50cm, judging whether a shoal area and a transition area are influenced by three water body indexes according to three data of the concentration of suspended matters, the concentration of chlorophyll a and the absorption coefficient at 254nm obtained by monitoring, and then selecting a mode of planting the dwarf eel grasses after the corresponding material turbidity reduction treatment to improve the habitat of the shoal area and/or the transition area, namely planting the dwarf eel grasses after the turbidity reduction treatment is carried out on the water body.
It should be noted that the shallow beach area and the transition area are repaired separately, so that the shallow beach area and the transition area can be treated by the same means or different means, namely, the shallow beach area and the transition area can be treated by planting the dwarf type eel grass, or treated by planting the dwarf type eel grass after the turbidity reducing treatment.
103. And performing long-acting management and protection on the dwarf tape grass planted in the shoal area and the transition area.
Particularly, the restoration of lake water quality can be realized only by the growth of the short-type eel grass for a certain time, so that after the short-type eel grass is planted in both the shoal area and the transition area through the series of processes, the short-type eel grass needs to be managed and protected regularly, for example, the short-type eel grass is harvested regularly.
According to the ecological restoration method for the lake swinging water in the plain river network area, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the lake swinging is divided into three areas, namely a shoal area, a transition area and a deep pool area, and then the three areas are respectively treated, so that the problems of large blindness and more manual measures in the treatment process caused by the integral treatment of the lake swinging are solved; and moreover, what kind of factors influence the water quality in the shoal area and the transition area is judged in advance, then the mode of directly planting the short-form eel grass is adopted for treatment, or the mode of planting the short-form eel grass after the turbidity reduction treatment is adopted for the influencing factors is adopted for treatment, the treatment mode is not the mode of integral treatment in a cutting mode, but is the mode of zoning and pertinence treatment, the final treatment mode is planting eel grass, namely, the water quality is purified by utilizing the natural growth of the eel grass, the natural recovery of the whole treatment process is much, the later maintenance is only to carry out long-acting management and protection on the short-form eel grass, and the cost is low.
In a specific implementation, when the transparency of the water body is lower than 50cm, before the turbidity reduction treatment is adopted, the key factor for judging the water quality is one or more of the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration or the absorption coefficient at 254 nm;
wherein, if the key factor of the suspended matter concentration exists, the turbidity reduction treatment is carried out by applying a mixture of polyaluminium chloride and bentonite to the water body, wherein the application amount of the polyaluminium chloride is 0.8-1.2mg/L, and the application amount of the bentonite is 4-6 mg/L;
if the key factor of chlorophyll a concentration exists, carrying out turbidity reduction treatment by applying copper sulfate to the water body, wherein the application amount of the copper sulfate is 0.05-0.15 mg/L;
if the key factor of absorption coefficient at 254nm exists, performing turbidity reduction treatment by applying potassium hydrogen persulfate to the water body, wherein the application amount of the potassium hydrogen persulfate is 0.2-0.4g/m3。
Specifically, if the influencing factor is one of the concentration of suspended matters, the chlorophyll a concentration or the absorption coefficient at 254nm, the corresponding materials are directly used for turbidity reductionAnd (4) processing, if two or three types of materials are judged, correspondingly using the two or three types of materials to perform the turbidity reduction processing. Of the above-mentioned amounts of turbidity-reducing materials, the preferred amount of polyaluminum chloride applied is 1mg/L, bentonite applied is 5mg/L, copper sulfate applied is 1mg/L, and oxone applied is 0.3g/m3。
Further, in the specific implementation, the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration and the absorption coefficient at 254nm are determined as the key factors influencing the water quality as follows:
if the concentration of the suspended matters in the shoal area is more than or equal to 20 mg/L, taking the concentration as a key factor influencing the water quality of the shoal area;
if the chlorophyll a concentration of the shoal area is more than or equal to 30 mug/L, the chlorophyll a concentration is taken as a key factor influencing the water quality of the shoal area;
if the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the shoal region is more than or equal to 46m-1The water quality of the shoal area is influenced by the key factors;
if the suspended matter concentration of the transition area is more than or equal to 15mg/L, taking the suspended matter concentration as a key factor influencing the water quality of the transition area;
if the chlorophyll a concentration in the transition zone is more than or equal to 25 mug/L, the chlorophyll a concentration is taken as a key factor influencing the water quality of the transition zone;
as the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the transition region is greater than or equal to 40m-1As a key factor affecting the water quality in the transition zone.
And then, comparing the detected water body index data with threshold data in the table so as to conveniently judge which of the key influencing factors of the shoal area and the transition area is. The detailed description of how to build the comparison table is omitted here.
In a specific implementation, when the habitat improvement is realized by planting the dwarf tape grass, the method for planting the dwarf tape grass for improving the habitat comprises the following steps:
laying short tape grass lawn blocks with the length of 20-40cm and the width of 20-40cm in the shoal area, wherein the total laying coverage is 10-20% of the shoal area; laying short tape grass lawn blocks with the length of 20-40cm and the width of 20-40cm in the transition area, wherein the total coverage of the laid short tape grass lawn blocks is 20-40% of that of the transition area.
Wherein, the coverage degree of 10-20% refers to that the area for laying the short tape grass occupies 10-20% of the area of the shoal area, and the coverage degree of 20-40% refers to that the area for laying the short tape grass occupies 20-40% of the area of the transition area.
Further, as for the shoal area and the transition area after the planting of the short tape grass, as time increases, the shoal area and the transition area can generate some waterweeds originally belonging to lake swing, so long-acting management and protection are required to be respectively carried out, and the specific management and protection mode is as follows:
when the cover degree of the short-type eel grass and the autogenous aquatic grass in the shoal area and/or the transition area is 60% -70% larger than the area of the shoal area and/or the transition area, harvesting the short-type eel grass to enable the cover degree of the short-type eel grass and the aquatic grass in the shoal area and/or the transition area to be 50%, and circularly harvesting the short-type eel grass until only the autogenous aquatic grass is left in the shoal area and the transition area.
And the long-acting management and protection further comprises: detecting the total nitrogen concentration in the water body after 1.5-2 months of planting the short type picrass in the shoal zone and the transition zone, and throwing iron-carbon filler into the water in the deep pool zone if the average value of the total nitrogen concentration is more than 2.0 mg/L; wherein the throwing amount of the iron-carbon filler is 50-150g/m2. And (3) at the dry water level, removing water pollutants by harvesting part of the short tape grass exposed out of the water surface, wherein the harvesting height is 20cm below the water level. When the water body presents curly pondweed, hydrilla verticillata and other species, the water body is timely harvested and removed.
Specifically, the iron-carbon filler is a mixture of pure iron particles and activated carbon, and the specific proportion is known to the skilled person and is not described herein. The throwing amount of the iron-carbon filler can be adaptively adjusted according to the reduction speed of the total nitrogen concentration in the water body after the dwarf tape grass is planted, for example, when the total nitrogen concentration in the water body is far more than 2.0mg/L, the throwing amount of the iron-carbon filler can be adjustedSet to 150g/m2And when the total nitrogen concentration in the water body is just more than 1.0mg/L, the throwing amount of the iron-carbon filler can be set to be 50g/m2Or when the total nitrogen concentration in the water body is more than 1.0mg/L, the throwing amount of the iron-carbon filler is directly set to be 100g/m without considering the larger concentration degree2。
In the specific implementation, the dwarfed tape grass and the waterweeds can naturally restore the water quality of the lake through the treatment of the shoal zone and the transition zone occupying more than 80% of the area, particularly along with the growth of the dwarfed tape grass and the recovery of the native waterweeds of the lake during the long-term conservation, and the water quality of the lake comprises the water quality of a deep pool zone. However, in order to further accelerate the water quality restoration of the deep pool area, particle-encapsulated peroxide can be thrown to the deep pool area while the habitat of the dwarf tape grass planted in the shallow pool area and the transition area is improved, so that the problems of bottom mud release and anaerobism of the deep pool area can be solved; wherein the throwing amount of the peroxide in the particle-coated state is 0.2 to 0.4g/m3。
Specifically, peroxide in a particle-encapsulated state refers to peroxide particles encapsulated with natural inert materials such as clay, etc. to reduce the reaction rate of the peroxide.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a case for restoring the lake water quality by using the method, which comprises the following steps:
and (4) repairing the water quality of a certain lake with a central landscape area.
Firstly, partitioning the lake according to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, wherein the underwater elevation of the shoal area is less than 1.5m, the underwater elevation of the transition area is greater than or equal to 1.5m and less than 2.1m, and the underwater elevation of the deep pool area is greater than or equal to 2.1 m. Wherein, the shoal area is 2591m2Transition region 2709.49m2Deep pool area 909.80m2。
Secondly, a monitoring point is respectively arranged in the shoal area and the transition area, the water quality indexes (including the water transparency, the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration and the absorption coefficient at a position of 254 nm) are monitored on site, the monitoring frequency is once per week, and the monthly mean value statistics is carried out on 4 times of data, so that the water quality index data of the shoal area and the transition area shown in the table 1 are obtained.
And then comparing the water quality indexes of the shoal area and the transition area with the threshold values set in the embodiment, finding that the transparency of the water body is lower than 50cm, carrying out turbidity reduction treatment on the shoal area and the transition area, and then planting the dwarf eel grass, wherein before carrying out turbidity reduction treatment, the key factors influencing the water quality of the shoal area and the transition area are judged to comprise the concentration of suspended matters and the concentration of chlorophyll a, so that anhydrous copper sulfate, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and bentonite are applied to the shoal area and the transition area, and the concentration of copper sulfate in the water of the shoal area and the water of the transition area after the materials are applied is 0.1mg/L, the concentration of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is 1mg/L, and the concentration of bentonite is 5 mg/L. And (3) carrying out emergency algae killing on algae, wherein after emergency algae killing, the water transparency is obviously improved, and the water transparency is improved to more than 70 cm.
TABLE 1
Thirdly, laying the underwater dwarf tape grass lawn with the area of 480m in the shallow beach area2Accounting for 18.53 percent of the whole shoal area; 720m of underwater short tape grass lawn is paved in the transition area2And accounts for 26.58 percent of the underwater lawn paved in the whole transition area. Adding a bottom mud modifier into the deep pool area, wherein the main component is potassium hydrogen persulfate, and the adding amount is 0.3g/m3The dosage of this time is about 675 g.
Fourthly, after the short tape grass lawn is paved for 1 month and a half, the coverage of regional water plants reaches 70 percent, the short tape grass is gradually harvested, and meanwhile, the water plants exposed out of the water surface are harvested in the dry season of 11-12 months; removing a small amount of hydrilla verticillata and curly pondweed in the research area. Through 3-4 times, the density of the autogenous aquatic weeds in the shoal zone and the transition zone naturally recovers to 75%, and the submerged plants are naturally recovered at the outer edge of the deep pool zone. After the short tape grass is laid for 1 month and half, the total nitrogen in the water body is reduced by 50 percent, and 100g/m is added into a deep pool area to further accelerate the total nitrogen reduction2The iron-carbon filler assists natural denitrification for denitrification.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the transparency of a certain lake with a central landscape area restored by the method provided by the invention is increased from below 50cm before construction to above 130 cm; as can be seen from FIG. 4, the total nitrogen content in the water body also decreases obviously from the initial concentration of near 6mg/L to below 1 mg/L; as can be seen from FIG. 5, the total phosphorus content in the water body is also obviously reduced from the initial concentration of more than 0.6mg/L to less than 0.05 mg/L; as can be seen from FIG. 6, the ammonia nitrogen content in the water body is also obviously reduced from the initial concentration of more than 1.8mg/L to about 0.1 mg/L; it can be seen from FIG. 7 that the permanganate index in the water also decreased significantly, from an initial concentration of greater than 7.5mg/L to less than 4 mg/L. It can be seen that the water quality is obviously restored after the treatment by the method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
It will be appreciated that the relevant features of the devices described above may be referred to one another. In addition, "first", "second", and the like in the above embodiments are for distinguishing the embodiments, and do not represent merits of the embodiments.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for restoring ecological state of lake swinging water in a plain river network area is used for lake swinging with the water depth of 20% below areas not more than 2.1m and the annual lowest water temperature more than or equal to 5 ℃, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing a water area space into a shoal area, a transition area and a deep pool area according to a preset underwater elevation;
respectively judging key factors influencing water quality of the shoal area and the transition area according to water body index data;
if the water transparency of the shoal area and the transition area is more than or equal to 70cm, the habitat of the shoal area and the transition area is improved simultaneously in a mode of planting dwarf tape grass; if the water transparency of the shoal area and the transition area is greater than or equal to 50cm and smaller than 70cm, planting the dwarf tape grass in the shoal area, judging key factors influencing water quality in the transition area, and performing treatment by selecting corresponding materials to reduce turbidity and then planting the dwarf tape grass; if the water transparency of the shoal area and the water transparency of the transition area are smaller than 50cm, respectively judging key factors influencing the water quality of the shoal area and the transition area, wherein the shoal area and the transition area are subjected to turbidity reduction treatment by selecting corresponding materials firstly, and then planting the dwarf tape grass to improve the habitat;
and performing long-acting management and protection on the dwarf tape grass planted in the shoal area and the transition area.
2. The method for restoring ecology of lake swinging water in plain river network area according to claim 1,
the underwater elevation of the shoal area is less than 1.5m, the underwater elevation of the transition area is more than or equal to 1.5m and less than 2.1m, and the underwater elevation of the deep pool area is more than or equal to 2.1 m;
and the underwater elevation is equal to the sum of the current water depth, the floating mud thickness and the hydrological difference.
3. The method for restoring ecology of lake swinging water in plain river network area according to claim 1,
the water body index data comprise water body transparency, suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll a concentration and an absorption coefficient at 254 nm.
4. The method for restoring ecology of lake swinging water in plain river network area according to claim 3,
obtaining current water body index data of the shoal area and the transition area through monitoring;
the method for monitoring and obtaining the current water body index data of the shoal area and the transition area comprises the following steps:
respectively arranging 1 or more monitoring point locations in the shoal area and the transition area, and detecting the water body index data of the monitoring point locations according to a preset frequency;
respectively calculating the transparency, the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration and the monthly mean value of the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the shoal area as the water body index data of the shoal area; and respectively calculating the transparency, the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration and the monthly mean value of the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the transition region as the water body index data of the transition region.
5. The ecological restoration method of lake sloshing water in plain river network area according to claim 3,
before turbidity reduction treatment is adopted, judging one or more of the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration or the absorption coefficient at 254nm as key factors influencing water quality;
wherein, if the key factor of the suspended matter concentration exists, the turbidity reduction treatment is carried out by applying a mixture of polyaluminium chloride and bentonite to the water body, wherein the application amount of the polyaluminium chloride is 0.8-1.2mg/L, and the application amount of the bentonite is 4-6 mg/L;
if the key factor of chlorophyll a concentration exists, carrying out turbidity reduction treatment by applying copper sulfate to the water body, wherein the application amount of the copper sulfate is 0.05-0.15 mg/L;
if the key factor of absorption coefficient at 254nm exists, performing turbidity reduction treatment by applying potassium hydrogen persulfate to the water body, wherein the application amount of the potassium hydrogen persulfate is 0.2-0.4g/m3。
6. The ecological restoration method of lake sloshing water in plain river network area according to claim 5,
if the concentration of the suspended matters in the shoal area is more than or equal to 20 mg/L, taking the concentration as a key factor influencing the water quality of the shoal area;
if the chlorophyll a concentration of the shoal area is more than or equal to 30 mug/L, the chlorophyll a concentration is taken as a key factor influencing the water quality of the shoal area;
if the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the shoal region is more than or equal to 46m-1The water quality of the shoal area is influenced by the key factors;
if the suspended matter concentration of the transition area is more than or equal to 15mg/L, taking the suspended matter concentration as a key factor influencing the water quality of the transition area;
if the chlorophyll a concentration in the transition zone is more than or equal to 25 mug/L, the chlorophyll a concentration is taken as a key factor influencing the water quality of the transition zone;
as the absorption coefficient at 254nm of the transition region is greater than or equal to 40m-1As a key factor affecting the water quality in the transition zone.
7. The method for restoring ecology of lake waters in plain river-network area according to claim 1, wherein the method for growing said dwarfed tape grass for habitat improvement comprises:
laying short tape grass lawn blocks with the length of 20-40cm and the width of 20-40cm in the shoal area, wherein the total laying coverage is 10-20% of the shoal area;
laying short tape grass lawn blocks with the length of 20-40cm and the width of 20-40cm in the transition area, wherein the total coverage of the laid short tape grass lawn blocks is 20-40% of that of the transition area.
8. The method for remediating the ecology of lake swinging water in the plain river network area of claim 7, wherein the long-term conservation comprises:
when the cover degree of the short-type eel grass and the autogenous aquatic grass in the shoal area and/or the transition area is 60% -70% larger than the area of the shoal area and/or the transition area, harvesting the short-type eel grass to enable the cover degree of the short-type eel grass and the aquatic grass in the shoal area and/or the transition area to be 50%, and circularly harvesting the short-type eel grass until only the autogenous aquatic grass is left in the shoal area and the transition area.
9. The method for remediating the ecology of lake swinging water in the plain river network area of claim 8, wherein the long-term maintenance further comprises:
detecting the total nitrogen concentration in the water body after 1.5-2 months of planting the short type picrass in the shoal zone and the transition zone, and throwing iron-carbon filler into the water in the deep pool zone if the average value of the total nitrogen concentration is more than 2.0 mg/L;
wherein the throwing amount of the iron-carbon filler is 50-150g/m2。
10. The ecological restoration method of lake sloshing water in plain river network area according to claim 1,
spraying granular encapsulated peroxide to the deep pool area while improving the habitat of the dwarf tape grass planted in the shallow beach area and the transition area;
wherein the throwing amount of the peroxide in the particle-coated state is 0.2 to 0.4g/m3。
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Application publication date: 20210611 Assignee: CSCEC Huanneng Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHINESE RESEARCH ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2024980016714 Denomination of invention: Ecological restoration methods for lake water in plain river network areas Granted publication date: 20220715 License type: Common License Record date: 20240927 |