CN115650446A - Wetland ecosystem restoration method - Google Patents
Wetland ecosystem restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115650446A CN115650446A CN202211336454.7A CN202211336454A CN115650446A CN 115650446 A CN115650446 A CN 115650446A CN 202211336454 A CN202211336454 A CN 202211336454A CN 115650446 A CN115650446 A CN 115650446A
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wetland ecosystem restoration method, which comprises the steps of restoring the substrate of a wetland by reducing sediment deposition; the restoration of the hydrological condition is realized by arranging an artificial floating island, building a dam to raise the water level or building a diversion canal, and the wetland water environment quality is improved through sewage treatment; recovering the soil of the wetland; repairing the plant belt. According to the invention, through wetland substrate restoration, wetland water condition restoration, wetland soil restoration and plant zone restoration, the water habitat is improved, the depth and the width of the lake are increased to enlarge the lake volume and enhance the regulation and storage function, eutrophic sediments and toxic substances in the lake and the river are migrated to purify the water quality, and the water quality restoration is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wetland restoration, in particular to a method for restoring a wetland ecosystem.
Background
Under the double pressure of population explosion and economic development, a large amount of wetlands are transformed into farmlands in the middle and later periods of the 20 th century, excessive resource development and pollution are added, the area of the wetlands is greatly reduced, and the species of the wetlands are seriously damaged. Among them, the most common problems are wetland pollution and high eutrophication degree caused by the development of urbanization. When nitrogen and phosphorus in water are gathered to a certain concentration, blue-green algae outbreak can be caused, the transparency of a water body is reduced due to the blue-green algae outbreak, and submerged plants cannot carry out necessary photosynthesis; in addition, the aquatic vegetation is very difficult to recover due to the severe environmental conditions such as oxygen supply. Therefore, the purpose of restoring the wetland can be achieved only by adopting recovery measures and improving the water environment.
The aquatic plants can effectively remove excessive N, P nutrients and heavy metal ions such as Hg, cr, zn, cu and the like in the polluted water body; the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is increased through the photosynthesis of the plants, the metabolic activity level of aquatic animals and aerobic microorganisms is improved, the water body is prevented from being smelly and going bad, the quality of the water ecological environment is improved, and the water body is kept attractive. However, when restoring the water environment of the wetland, the process of absorbing and degrading pollutants in the water through the growth and development of plants and the ecological chain of aquatic animals to reduce the pollution degree of the water is very long.
Through retrieval, application number CN200610039336.4 discloses a wetland ecosystem restoration method, a shore current-restraining system is built by natural soil, stone or cement plates, steel materials and artificial synthetic materials according to specific hydrological conditions of a water body, the system has the functions of gathering dirt, intercepting dirt, eliminating waves, slowing down the water flow speed, accelerating the sedimentation of suspended matters in shore zones and the like, conditions are created for the growth of aquatic plants in the shore zones, the self-purification capability restoration of the water body is promoted, the degradation of the aquatic ecosystem is restrained, and the wetland ecosystem restoration method has important application value.
In view of the above, there is a drawback that the wetland ecosystem is restored only by simple soil and materials, which is not enough to maintain a good ecological form, and thus, a restoration method for reasonably maintaining a good wetland ecosystem is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a wetland ecosystem restoration method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a wetland ecosystem restoration method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the foundation of the wetland is restored, the lake volume is enlarged by increasing the depth and the width of the lake, the yield of fish is increased, the regulation and storage functions are enhanced, the diversion channels of each wetland are built, so that a high-quality supplemented water source is obtained, the embankment is reinforced, the sediment deposition is reduced, and the structure and the functions of the flooded plain are restored to be beneficial to storing and storing the flood;
b. the wetland water condition recovery comprises the recovery of wetland hydrological conditions and the improvement of the quality of the wetland water environment, the recovery of the hydrological conditions is realized by arranging an artificial floating island, building a dam to raise the water level or building a water diversion channel, and the wetland water environment quality is improved through sewage treatment;
c. restoring the soil of the wetland, namely adding a soil conditioner into the soil of the wetland to restore the activity of the soil;
d. and (3) repairing the plant zone, and inhibiting the eutrophication speed of lakes by planting various arbor and shrub mixed plants and aquatic plants so as to improve the water quality.
The step a is to reduce silt deposition, specifically to perform sectional water pumping on a water area of the wetland to remove silt, separate the silt and water by a silt dehydrator, perform dehydration by using a stacked-screw type sludge dehydrator, and perform concentration, anaerobic digestion, dehydration, drying, land reduction or concentration, anaerobic digestion, dehydration, evaporation drying and fuel preparation on the cleaned silt.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the artificial floating island in the step b is specifically provided with a biological water purification floating bed, the upper layer of the biological water purification floating bed is used for water planting plants, the lower layer of the biological water purification floating bed is provided with a microbial filler filtering layer, the microbial filler filtering layer is changed into a conventional closed microbial filtering tank into an open floating bed, medium exchange is sufficient and cannot be blocked, and a gas guide cannula in the microbial filler filtering layer can supplement oxygen and can also be used as an adding port of microbial strains to adjust the ecological balance of a water environment.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the sewage treatment in the step b is specifically to pump water in a wetland water area in sections, arrange collecting ponds according to different areas, perform filtration treatment through coarse grids and fine grids, test the water quality after sampling the sewage in the different areas, divide the sewage into a severe area and a mild area according to the test result of the water quality and collect the sewage in the severe area and the mild area in different treatment modes, discharge the sewage in the mild area after filtering through a water purifier net, and concentrate, digest, aerate and dehydrate the sewage in the severe area for reuse.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the soil conditioner in the step c is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 80-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30-40 parts of urea, 30-40 parts of amino acid, 20-40 parts of rice straw, 20-40 parts of calcium hydroxide, 20-45 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20-40 parts of calcium carbonate, 15-25 parts of weathered coal and 10-20 parts of a composite microbial inoculum.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the aquatic plants in step d include reed, lotus, han 33807, lotus, duckweed, water onion and cattail, and the water bank plants are repaired and planted to improve the ecological function of the water bank line, further enhance the original self-cleaning capability and protect the water body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through wetland substrate restoration, wetland water condition restoration, wetland soil restoration and plant zone restoration, the water habitat is improved, the depth and the width of the lake are increased to enlarge the lake volume and enhance the regulation and storage function, eutrophic sediments and toxic substances in the lake and the river are migrated to purify the water quality, and the water quality restoration is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a wetland ecosystem restoration method, which comprises the following steps:
a. recovering the base of the wetland, expanding the volume of the lake by increasing the depth and the width of the lake, increasing the yield of fish, enhancing the regulation and storage functions, constructing diversion channels of each wetland to obtain a high-quality supplemented water source, reinforcing the dike, performing sectional water pumping on the water area of the wetland to remove sludge, separating the sludge from water by a sludge dehydrator, dehydrating by a stacked spiral sludge dehydrator, concentrating, performing anaerobic digestion, dehydrating, drying and land reduction on the cleaned sludge, and recovering the structure and the functions of a flooded plain to be beneficial to storing the flood;
b. the wetland water condition recovery comprises the recovery of wetland hydrological conditions and the improvement of wetland water environment quality, the recovery of the hydrological conditions is realized by arranging an artificial floating island, building a dam to raise the water level or building a water diversion channel, arranging a biological water purification floating bed, wherein the upper layer of the biological water purification floating bed is provided with hydroponic plants, the lower layer is provided with a microbial filler filtering layer, the microbial filler filtering layer is changed into a conventional closed microbial filtering tank into an open floating bed, the medium exchange is sufficient and can not be blocked, an air guide cannula in the microbial filler filtering layer can supplement oxygen and can be used as an adding port of microbial strains to adjust the ecological balance of the water environment, the water environment quality is improved through sewage treatment, water is pumped in sections in a water area, a collecting tank is arranged according to different areas, filtering treatment is carried out through a coarse grid and a fine grid, the water quality is inspected after sampling is carried out on sewage in the different areas, the sewage in the different areas is divided into a severe area and a mild area and collected according to the inspection result of the water quality, the sewage in the severe area and the mild area is treated in a severe area, the water purifier is discharged after the water is filtered through a net, and the sewage is concentrated and is dewatered and is digested;
c. the wetland soil is recovered, a soil conditioner is added into the wetland soil, and the soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 80 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of urea, 30 parts of amino acid, 20 parts of rice straw, 20 parts of calcium hydroxide, 20 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20 parts of calcium carbonate, 15 parts of weathered coal and 10 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, and the activity of the soil is recovered;
d. the method is characterized in that a plant repairing belt is formed by planting various arbor and shrub mixed planting and aquatic plants including reed, lotus, han 33807, cottonrose hibiscus, duckweed, water onion and cattail, and by repairing and planting water bank plants, the ecological function of a water bank line is improved, the original self-purification capacity of the water bank line is further enhanced, a water body is protected, the eutrophication speed of lakes is inhibited, and the water quality is improved.
Example 2
The invention provides a wetland ecosystem restoration method, which comprises the following steps:
a. the foundation of the wetland is restored, the lake volume is enlarged by increasing the depth and the width of the lake, the yield of fish is increased, the regulation and storage functions are enhanced, the diversion channels of each wetland are built to obtain a high-quality supplemented water source, the embankment is reinforced, the water area of the wetland is pumped in sections to remove sludge, the sludge and water are separated by a sludge dehydrator, a stacked spiral sludge dehydrator is adopted for dehydration, the cleaned sludge is subjected to concentration, anaerobic digestion, dehydration, evaporation drying and fuel making, and the structure and the functions of the flooded plain are restored to be favorable for storing the flood;
b. the wetland water condition recovery comprises the recovery of wetland hydrological conditions and the improvement of wetland water environment quality, the recovery of the hydrological conditions is realized by arranging an artificial floating island, building a dam to raise the water level or building a water diversion channel, arranging a biological water purification floating bed, wherein the upper layer of the biological water purification floating bed is provided with hydroponic plants, the lower layer is provided with a microbial filler filtering layer, the microbial filler filtering layer is changed into a conventional closed microbial filtering tank into an open floating bed, the medium exchange is sufficient and can not be blocked, an air guide cannula in the microbial filler filtering layer can supplement oxygen and can be used as an adding port of microbial strains to adjust the ecological balance of the water environment, the water environment quality is improved through sewage treatment, water is pumped in sections in a water area, a collecting tank is arranged according to different areas, filtering treatment is carried out through a coarse grid and a fine grid, the water quality is inspected after sampling is carried out on sewage in the different areas, the sewage in the different areas is divided into a severe area and a mild area and collected according to the inspection result of the water quality, the sewage in the severe area and the mild area is treated in a severe area, the water purifier is discharged after the water is filtered through a net, and the sewage is concentrated and is dewatered and is digested;
c. recovering the wetland soil, namely adding a soil conditioner into the wetland soil, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, 120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of urea, 40 parts of amino acid, 40 parts of rice straw, 40 parts of calcium hydroxide, 45 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 40 parts of calcium carbonate, 25 parts of weathered coal and 20 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, and recovering the activity of the soil;
d. the method is characterized in that a plant repairing belt is formed by planting various arbor and shrub mixed planting and aquatic plants including reed, lotus, han 33807, cottonrose hibiscus, duckweed, water onion and cattail, and by repairing and planting water bank plants, the ecological function of a water bank line is improved, the original self-purification capacity of the water bank line is further enhanced, a water body is protected, the eutrophication speed of lakes is inhibited, and the water quality is improved.
According to the invention, through wetland substrate restoration, wetland water condition restoration, wetland soil restoration and plant zone restoration, the water habitat is improved, the depth and the width of the lake are increased to enlarge the lake volume and enhance the regulation and storage function, eutrophic sediments and toxic substances in the lake and the river are migrated to purify the water quality, and the water quality restoration is facilitated.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The wetland ecosystem restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. the foundation of the wetland is restored, the lake volume is enlarged by increasing the depth and the width of the lake, the yield of fish is increased, the regulation and storage functions are enhanced, the diversion channels of each wetland are built, so that a high-quality supplemented water source is obtained, the embankment is reinforced, the sediment deposition is reduced, and the structure and the functions of the flooded plain are restored to be beneficial to storing and storing the flood;
b. the wetland water condition recovery comprises the recovery of wetland hydrological conditions and the improvement of the quality of the wetland water environment, the recovery of the hydrological conditions is realized by arranging an artificial floating island, building a dam to raise the water level or building a diversion channel, and the quality of the wetland water environment is improved through sewage treatment;
c. restoring the soil of the wetland, namely adding a soil conditioner into the soil of the wetland to restore the activity of the soil;
d. and (3) repairing the plant zone, and inhibiting the eutrophication speed of the lake by planting various arbor and shrub mixed plants and aquatic plants so as to improve the water quality.
2. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein silt deposition is reduced in the step a, and specifically, the water area of the wetland is pumped in sections to remove silt, the silt and water are separated by a silt dehydrator, the silt is dehydrated by a stacked-screw type sludge dehydrator, and the cleaned silt is concentrated, anaerobically digested, dehydrated, dried, reduced in land or concentrated, anaerobically digested, dehydrated, evaporated and dried to serve as fuel.
3. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the artificial floating island in the step b is provided with a biological water purification floating bed, the upper layer of the biological water purification floating bed is used for water planting plants, the lower layer of the biological water purification floating bed is provided with a microbial filler filtering layer, the microbial filler filtering layer is changed into a conventional closed microbial filtering tank which is an open floating bed, medium exchange is sufficient and cannot be blocked, and a gas guide cannula in the microbial filler filtering layer can supplement oxygen and can be used as an adding port of microbial strains to adjust the ecological balance of the water environment.
4. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, sewage treatment is performed, specifically, water is pumped in a wetland water area in sections, collection pools are arranged according to different areas, filtering treatment is performed through coarse grids and fine grids, the sewage in the different areas is sampled, then the water quality is tested, the sewage is divided into a severe area and a mild area according to the test result of the water quality and is collected, the sewage in the severe area and the mild area is treated in different ways, the water in the mild area is filtered by a water purifier net and then is discharged, and the sewage in the severe area is concentrated, digested, aerated and dehydrated for reuse.
5. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner in the step c is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 80-120 parts of livestock manure, 30-40 parts of urea, 30-40 parts of amino acid, 20-40 parts of rice straw, 20-40 parts of calcium hydroxide, 20-45 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20-40 parts of calcium carbonate, 15-25 parts of weathered coal, and 10-20 parts of a complex microbial inoculum.
6. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the aquatic plants in step d include reed, lotus, han 33807Han, lotus, duckweed, water shallot and cattail, and the water bank plants are restored and planted to improve the ecological function of the water bank line, further enhance the original self-cleaning capability and protect the water body.
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| CN202211336454.7A CN115650446A (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | Wetland ecosystem restoration method |
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| CN202211336454.7A CN115650446A (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | Wetland ecosystem restoration method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116871309A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-10-13 | 自然资源部国土整治中心 | Degraded plateau peat field recovery method |
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- 2022-10-28 CN CN202211336454.7A patent/CN115650446A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116871309A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-10-13 | 自然资源部国土整治中心 | Degraded plateau peat field recovery method |
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