CN112937025A - 一种复合材料仿理石结构及其制造工艺 - Google Patents
一种复合材料仿理石结构及其制造工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种复合材料仿理石结构及其制造工艺,涉及复合材料应用技术领域,主要结构包括表面胶衣保护层、中涂胶衣效果层、底涂胶衣增强层、结构层、结构增强层和结构保护层;其中中涂胶衣效果层能够实现仿理石表观效果,使仿理石效果多样化,根据客户需求调整仿理石的样式。整体结构具有防涂鸦、防水、防酸碱腐蚀、防盐雾腐蚀、透明、抗冲击、耐磨、巴氏硬度40以上、90%以上表面光泽度的技术效果,起到表面保护作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料应用技术领域,特别是涉及一种复合材料仿理石结构及其制造工艺。
背景技术
动车组车内使用带有理石表面效果的产品为卫生间和洗面间的洗手盆、吧台、餐桌等。以洗面间的洗手盆为例,其结构材质多为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚碳酸酯等热塑性塑料和颗粒碎石制成的匀质板。将匀质板切割后加热使其软化,放入带有具体形状尺寸的技术模具中,通过压机压制成洗手盆形状,冷却后脱模得到制品。其显著缺陷为表面易产生裂纹,并扩展至整体断裂。断裂原因多来自于加工工艺产生的残余应力和其材质自身抗折弯疲劳强度较低。在动车组运行时,振动冲击条件下,产品释放残余应力加上材质抗振动疲劳能力较低,易造成裂纹和断裂,并难以完全修复,易造成修复性色差。
发明内容
为解决以上技术问题,本发明提供一种复合材料仿理石结构及其制造工艺,以解决断裂和裂纹难以修复的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提供一种复合材料仿理石结构,包括由上至下依次设置的表面胶衣保护层、中涂胶衣效果层、底涂胶衣增强层、结构层、结构增强层和结构保护层。
本发明还公开上述的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)按表面胶衣保护层配方调配表面胶衣保护层材料;
(2)按仿理石颗粒配方制造树脂仿石颗粒;
(3)按中涂胶衣效果层配方调配中涂胶衣材料;
(4)按底涂胶衣增强层配方调配底涂胶衣材料;
(5)按结构层树脂配方调配结构层树脂材料;
(6)在产品模具表面涂喷涂表面胶衣保护层;
(7)在表面胶衣保护层表面喷涂中涂胶衣效果层;
(8)在中涂胶衣效果层表面使用底涂胶衣和第一纤维增强材料成型底涂胶衣增强层;
(9)在底涂胶衣表面使用结构层树脂和第二纤维增强材料成型结构层;
(10)在结构层表面使用纤维增强材料、蜂窝材料、强芯毡材料、及结构层树脂成型结构增强层;
(11)在结构增强层表面使用纤维增强材料和结构层树脂成型结构保护层;
(12)待工艺步骤(9)至(11)的树脂凝胶至具备一定硬度,但未完全固化变硬时,切割毛边,并合模定位、处理拼缝;
(13)于室温静置8~12小时后脱模,将脱模后的产品按具体产品图纸切割毛边、钻孔后,打磨并抛光表面至光泽度90%以上。
可选的,工艺步骤(2)中,包含以下详细制造过程:a.使用仿理石颗粒配方调配好原料,注入平板模腔内;b.待原料固化后,在恒温干燥箱在内烘干;c.用粉碎机将固化后的原料粉碎成颗粒状;d.用5~50目分样筛网筛选出不同粒径的颗粒,用容器密封存储。
可选的,工艺步骤(6)中,使用油漆喷枪将工艺步骤(1)中调配的表面胶衣保护层材料喷涂在模具表面上,覆盖模具表面,控制湿膜厚度为0.3~0.6mm。
可选的,工艺步骤(7)中,用真石漆喷枪将工艺步骤(3)中调配的中涂胶衣材料喷涂在其表面,覆盖其表面,控制湿膜厚度为0.5~1mm。
可选的,工艺步骤(9)中,在结构层表面使用、蜂窝材料、强芯毡材料和结构层树脂成型结构增强层,铺层不必覆盖其表面,只在整体结构的底部局部加强;将第一纤维增强材料和蜂窝材料或强芯毡材料交替铺层于整体结构的底部平面上,每铺一层,用成型刷涂上树脂,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制厚度为满足安装尺寸要求。
可选的,工艺步骤(10)中,在结构增强层表面使用第一纤维增强材料和结构层树脂成型结构保护层,铺层覆盖整个模具面;用成型刷将结构层树脂刷涂在第一纤维增强材料表面,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为0.5~2mm。
可选的,所述第一纤维增强材料为无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,用成型刷将底涂胶衣材料刷涂在无碱玻璃纤维短切毡表面,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为0.5~2mm。
可选的,所述第二纤维增强材料为无碱玻璃纤维短切毡和玻璃布,铺层方式为交替铺层,每铺一层,用成型刷涂上树脂,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为3~6mm。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下技术效果:
本发明中的复合材料仿理石结构及其制造工艺,主要结构包括表面胶衣保护层、中涂胶衣效果层、底涂胶衣增强层、结构层、结构增强层和结构保护层;其中中涂胶衣效果层能够实现仿理石表观效果,使仿理石效果多样化,根据客户需求调整仿理石的样式。整体结构具有防涂鸦、防水、防酸碱腐蚀、防盐雾腐蚀、透明、抗冲击、耐磨、巴氏硬度40以上、90%以上表面光泽度的技术效果,起到表面保护作用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明复合材料仿理石结构的结构示意图;
图2为本发明提供的动车组洗面间洗手盆材质结构为复合材料仿理石结构,制造工艺为复合材料仿理石结构制造工艺;
图3为本发明采用的动车组洗面间洗手盆模具中的阳模;
图4为本发明采用的动车组洗面间洗手盆模具中的阴模。
附图标记说明:1、表面胶衣保护层;2、中涂胶衣效果层;3、底涂胶衣增强层;4、结构层;5、结构增强层;6、结构保护层;
31、阳模;32、阴模;
311、第一定位销;312、第二定位销;313、第一法兰边;314、副表面;
321、第一定位孔;322、第二定位孔;323、第二法兰边;324、主表面。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:
如1图所示,本实施例提供一种复合材料仿理石结构,包括由上至下依次设置的表面胶衣保护层1、中涂胶衣效果层2、底涂胶衣增强层3、结构层4、结构增强层5和结构保护层6。
表面胶衣保护层1具有防涂鸦、防水、防酸碱腐蚀、防盐雾腐蚀、透明、抗冲击、耐磨、巴氏硬度40以上、90%以上表面光泽度的效果,起到表面保护作用。
中涂胶衣效果层2能够实现仿理石表观效果,可以使表观仿理石效果多样化,并可以根据客户需求调整仿理石的样式。
底涂胶衣增强层3用于增强表面胶衣保护层1和中涂胶衣效果层2的结构强度。
结构层4实现复合材料仿理石结构的主要结构强度,包括拉伸强度≥150MPa、压缩强度≥100MPa、弯曲强度≥260MPa、剪切强度≥100MPa。
结构增强层5增强结构层的拉伸、压缩、弯曲、剪切等强度,并且能够对安装位置尺寸调整到合适范围。
结构保护层6增强结构增强层5的结构强度并保护其免受化学品腐蚀、光老化、磕碰划伤等。
实施例二:
本发明还公开实施例一中的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,在模具和阳模31的副表面314和阴模32的主表面324打脱模剂,用纸胶带将第一法兰边313和第二法兰边323封上,用纸胶带将定位装置第一定位销311、第二定位销312、第一定位孔321和第二定位孔322封上。
具体实施中包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)按表面胶衣保护层配方调配表面胶衣保护层材料;
(2)按仿理石颗粒配方制造树脂仿石颗粒;包含以下详细制造过程:a.使用仿理石颗粒配方调配好原料,注入平板模腔内;b.待原料固化后,在恒温干燥箱在内烘干;c.用粉碎机将固化后的原料粉碎成颗粒状;d.用5~50目分样筛网筛选出不同粒径的颗粒,用容器密封存储。
(3)按中涂胶衣效果层配方调配中涂胶衣材料;
(4)按底涂胶衣增强层配方调配底涂胶衣材料;
(5)按结构层树脂配方调配结构层树脂材料;
(6)在产品模具表面涂喷涂表面胶衣保护层;使用油漆喷枪将工艺步骤(1)中调配的表面胶衣保护层材料喷涂在模具表面上,覆盖模具表面,控制湿膜厚度为0.3~0.6mm。
(7)在表面胶衣保护层表面喷涂中涂胶衣效果层;用真石漆喷枪将工艺步骤(3)中调配的中涂胶衣材料喷涂在其表面,覆盖其表面,控制湿膜厚度为0.5~1mm。
(8)在中涂胶衣效果层表面使用底涂胶衣和第一纤维增强材料成型底涂胶衣增强层;
(9)在底涂胶衣表面使用结构层树脂和第二纤维增强材料成型结构层;在结构层表面使用、蜂窝材料、强芯毡材料和结构层树脂成型结构增强层,铺层不必覆盖其表面,只在整体结构的底部局部加强;将第一纤维增强材料和蜂窝材料或强芯毡材料交替铺层于整体结构的底部平面上,每铺一层,用成型刷涂上树脂,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制厚度为满足安装尺寸要求。
(10)在结构层表面使用纤维增强材料、蜂窝材料、强芯毡材料、及结构层树脂成型结构增强层;在结构增强层表面使用第一纤维增强材料和结构层树脂成型结构保护层,铺层覆盖整个模具面;用成型刷将结构层树脂刷涂在第一纤维增强材料表面,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为0.5~2mm。
(11)在结构增强层表面使用纤维增强材料和结构层树脂成型结构保护层;
(12)待工艺步骤(9)至(11)的树脂凝胶至具备一定硬度,但未完全固化变硬时,切割毛边,并合模定位、处理拼缝;具体的,去除第一法兰边313和第二法兰边323上的纸胶带,去除定位装置第一定位销311、第二定位销312、第一定位孔321和第二定位孔322上的纸胶带。将阳模31和阴模32合模固定,通过将定位装置第一定位销311和第一定位孔321对接,第二定位销312和第二定位孔322对接,准确合模定位模具。在拼缝处,用两层无碱玻璃纤维短切毡和结构层树脂密封拼缝。用成型刷将结构层树脂刷涂在无碱玻璃纤维短切毡表面,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为1~3mm。
(13)于室温静置8~12小时后脱模,将脱模后的产品按具体产品图纸切割毛边、钻孔后,打磨并抛光表面至光泽度90%以上。具体地,打磨产品表面时,依次使用500~3000目砂纸打磨,并使用精细抛光膏抛光产品表面至90%以上的光泽度。
所述第一纤维增强材料为无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,用成型刷将底涂胶衣材料刷涂在无碱玻璃纤维短切毡表面,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为0.5~2mm。
所述第二纤维增强材料为无碱玻璃纤维短切毡和玻璃布,铺层方式为交替铺层,每铺一层,用成型刷涂上树脂,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为3~6mm。
需要说明的是,对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内,不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
本说明书中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (9)
1.一种复合材料仿理石结构,其特征在于,包括由上至下依次设置的表面胶衣保护层、中涂胶衣效果层、底涂胶衣增强层、结构层、结构增强层和结构保护层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,其特征在于,包括以下工艺步骤:
(1)按表面胶衣保护层配方调配表面胶衣保护层材料;
(2)按仿理石颗粒配方制造树脂仿石颗粒;
(3)按中涂胶衣效果层配方调配中涂胶衣材料;
(4)按底涂胶衣增强层配方调配底涂胶衣材料;
(5)按结构层树脂配方调配结构层树脂材料;
(6)在产品模具表面涂喷涂表面胶衣保护层;
(7)在表面胶衣保护层表面喷涂中涂胶衣效果层;
(8)在中涂胶衣效果层表面使用底涂胶衣和第一纤维增强材料成型底涂胶衣增强层;
(9)在底涂胶衣表面使用结构层树脂和第二纤维增强材料成型结构层;
(10)在结构层表面使用纤维增强材料、蜂窝材料、强芯毡材料、及结构层树脂成型结构增强层;
(11)在结构增强层表面使用纤维增强材料和结构层树脂成型结构保护层;
(12)待工艺步骤(9)至(11)的树脂凝胶至具备一定硬度,但未完全固化变硬时,切割毛边,并合模定位、处理拼缝;
(13)于室温静置8~12小时后脱模,将脱模后的产品按具体产品图纸切割毛边、钻孔后,打磨并抛光表面至光泽度90%以上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,其特征在于,工艺步骤(2)中,包含以下详细制造过程:a.使用仿理石颗粒配方调配好原料,注入平板模腔内;b.待原料固化后,在恒温干燥箱在内烘干;c.用粉碎机将固化后的原料粉碎成颗粒状;d.用5~50目分样筛网筛选出不同粒径的颗粒,用容器密封存储。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,其特征在于,工艺步骤(6)中,使用油漆喷枪将工艺步骤(1)中调配的表面胶衣保护层材料喷涂在模具表面上,覆盖模具表面,控制湿膜厚度为0.3~0.6mm。
5.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,其特征在于,工艺步骤(7)中,用真石漆喷枪将工艺步骤(3)中调配的中涂胶衣材料喷涂在其表面,覆盖其表面,控制湿膜厚度为0.5~1mm。
6.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,其特征在于,工艺步骤(9)中,在结构层表面使用、蜂窝材料、强芯毡材料和结构层树脂成型结构增强层,铺层不必覆盖其表面,只在整体结构的底部局部加强;将第一纤维增强材料和蜂窝材料或强芯毡材料交替铺层于整体结构的底部平面上,每铺一层,用成型刷涂上树脂,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制厚度为满足安装尺寸要求。
7.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,其特征在于,工艺步骤(10)中,在结构增强层表面使用第一纤维增强材料和结构层树脂成型结构保护层,铺层覆盖整个模具面;用成型刷将结构层树脂刷涂在第一纤维增强材料表面,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为0.5~2mm。
8.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,其特征在于,所述第一纤维增强材料为无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,用成型刷将底涂胶衣材料刷涂在无碱玻璃纤维短切毡表面,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为0.5~2mm。
9.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料仿理石结构的制造工艺,其特征在于,所述第二纤维增强材料为无碱玻璃纤维短切毡和玻璃布,铺层方式为交替铺层,每铺一层,用成型刷涂上树脂,用辊子压实,赶出气泡,控制此步骤铺层总厚度为3~6mm。
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