CN112931759A - 一种原料肉异味脱除的方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/10—Meat meal or powder; Granules, agglomerates or flakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
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- A23L13/426—Addition of proteins, carbohydrates or fibrous material from vegetable origin other than sugars or sugar alcohols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
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- A23L13/428—Addition of flavours, spices, colours, amino acids or their salts, peptides, vitamins, yeast extract or autolysate, nucleic acid or derivatives, organic acidifying agents or their salts or acidogens, sweeteners, e.g. sugars or sugar alcohols; Addition of alcohol-containing products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/50—Poultry products, e.g. poultry sausages
- A23L13/55—Treatment of original pieces or parts
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Abstract
本发明属于肉制品加工技术领域,具体公开了一种原料肉异味脱除的方法。本发明通过采用将乳酸锌和茶叶提取物按照2‑4:1的比例混合,并控制乳酸锌的添加量为85‑110mg/kg,将其分两次添加至原料肉中进行反应,通过乳酸锌和茶叶提取物的共同作用,有效抑制了脂质氧化,同时也降低了茶叶提取物的用量,便能达到长久有效地去除异味。本申请还在经过乳酸锌和茶叶提取物处理后的原料肉表面喷涂有一层海藻酸钠水溶液,喷涂的海藻酸钠迅速成膜,包覆于原料肉表面,能够覆盖住肉在冻藏过程中形成的微细孔洞,从而隔绝脂肪与氧气的接触,进一步抑制脂质的氧化,使得原料肉随冻藏时间的延长,脂质氧化程度显著变缓,能够长久有效地去除异味。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肉制品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种原料肉异味脱除的方法。
背景技术
原料肉异味来自于原料肉中脂质氧化,肉类营养物质组成包括约75%的水、19%的蛋白质、2.5%的脂肪、1.2%的碳水化合物、1.65%的含氮化合物、少量矿物质和微量元素,这些化学成分的存在使肉体系极易发生氧化。低温不能完全终止相关酶反应,冻藏期间由于肉表面冰晶升华,许多微细孔洞形成,增加了脂肪与氧的接触,致使脂肪氧化酸败和美拉德反应发生,同时冰晶的形成会破坏细胞膜,释放相关水解酶及一系列促氧因子,加快氧化进程。冻藏过程中肉体系中存在部分未冻水,可参与脂质的初级氧化。故在多种因素作用下原料肉脂质氧化程度随冻藏时间的延长而加剧。
脂质氧化会导致肉及肉制品肉色改变、风味恶化、营养损失(维生素和脂肪酸等)及潜在有毒物质(丙二醛)生成。氧化生成的初级氧化产物(过氧化物)会进一步分解成次级氧化产物(挥发性及非挥发性的醛、酮与酸类等),而这些氧化产物会加剧解冻肉的脂质氧化,使得原料肉中的异味不断累积,严重影响原料肉的品质。
茶叶提取物是从茶叶中提取的活性成分,主要包括茶多酚、咖啡碱、芳香油、水分、矿物质、色素等。其中茶多酚是茶叶的主要成分,约占干物质的30%茶多酚可阻断脂质过氧化,因此可将其应用于原料肉中抑制脂质氧化,为了达到更好地抗氧化效果,在使用中会增加茶多酚的添加量,但多酚类化合物本身具有一定的苦味,因此增加茶多酚的用量时,虽然可以达到更好的抗氧化效果,但同时也会带来明显的苦味,影响原料肉的食用感官。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中的问题,本发明提供了一种原料肉异味脱除的方法,通过采用本发明的方法能够显著去除肉中的异味,同时随着贮藏时间的延长,异味变化较小。
茶叶提取物中包含大量的多酚类物质,为天然的抗氧化剂,将其添加于原料肉中能够有效抑制不饱和脂肪酸的氧化,但在原料肉冻藏的过程中,脂质的氧化越来越严重,只有通过增加多酚类物质的添加才能进一步抑制脂质的氧化。但同时,多酚类物质本身具有苦味,当其添加量超过一定范围时,原料肉的苦味显著提升,严重影响了肉的品质。
乳酸锌常被用作营养强化剂,申请人意外发现将乳酸锌与茶叶提取物按照一定比例添加至原料肉中,能够显著抑制脂质氧化,去除原料肉中的异味,更重要的是茶叶提取物的使用量显著变少,处理后的肉中也不存在苦味等情况。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
一种原料肉异味脱除的方法,该方法包含以下步骤: 向原料肉中加入第一组合物进行反应;以及
对上述完成第一次反应的原料肉喷涂海藻酸钠水溶液;
其中,所述第一组合物的添加量占原料肉重量1-5%。
进一步地,所述第一组合物包含茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,所述茶叶提取物与乳酸锌的重量比为2-4:1,乳酸锌的添加量为20-35mg/kg。
进一步地,所述向原料肉中加入第一组合物进行反应分为两步,具体包含:
向原料中加入茶叶提取物总重量50-75%的茶叶提取物,混合均匀后在1-4℃下反应10-30min得到第一中间物;
向所述第一中间物中加入余下重量的茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,在1-4℃下反应15-25min。
进一步地,所述海藻酸钠水溶液的质量百分数浓度为1.5-3%。
进一步地,所述原料肉包含但不限于畜肉和禽肉。
进一步地,所述向原料肉中加入第一组合物进行反应的步骤在氮气氛围下进行。
进一步地,所述茶叶提取物采用溶剂萃取法,对浸提液离心蒸发后再通过真空干燥得到。
进一步地,所述溶剂萃取法使用的溶剂为质量百分数浓度为60%的乙醇,料液比为1:20,浸提次数为1次,在60℃下超声浸提30min。
进一步地,所述对浸提液离心蒸发后再通过真空干燥的具体方法为:对浸提液进行2次2000r/min的离心,然后置于60℃环境下蒸发,最后再经过60℃真空干燥24h。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本申请通过采用将乳酸锌和茶叶提取物按照2-4:1的比例混合,并控制乳酸锌的添加量为85-110mg/kg,将其分两次添加至原料肉中进行反应,通过乳酸锌和茶叶提取物的共同作用,有效抑制了脂质氧化,同时也降低了茶叶提取物的用量,便能达到长久有效地去除异味。
本申请还在经过乳酸锌和茶叶提取物处理后的原料肉表面喷涂有一层海藻酸钠水溶液,喷涂的海藻酸钠迅速成膜,包覆于原料肉表面,能够覆盖住肉在冻藏过程中形成的微细孔洞,从而隔绝脂肪与氧气的接触,进一步抑制脂质的氧化,使得原料肉随冻藏时间的延长,脂质氧化程度显著变缓,能够长久有效地去除异味。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述本发明的内容,对本发明做出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
茶叶提取物的制备:
取烘干、磨碎的茶叶1.0g,按照料液比1:20 加入质量百分数浓度为60%的乙醇溶剂在温度60℃水浴中超声浸提30min,浸提溶液的pH值为4,且仅浸提1次;将上述完成浸提后得到的提取溶剂离心(2000r/min)2次,旋转蒸发仪中蒸发温度60℃的情况下,再经过60℃真空干燥24h,得到茶叶提取物。
原料肉异味脱除的方法:
在氮气氛围中,向原料肉中加入茶叶提取物总重量50-75%的茶叶提取物,混合均匀后在1-4℃下反应10-30min得到第一中间物;
向所述第一中间物中加入余下重量的茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,在1-4℃下反应15-25min;其中,所述第一组合物占原料肉重量的1-5%,包含茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,所述茶叶提取物与乳酸锌的重量比为2-4:1,乳酸锌的添加量为20-35mg/kg;
对上述完成反应的原料肉喷涂质量百分数浓度为1.5-3%的海藻酸钠水溶液;
其中,所述原料肉包含但不限于畜肉和禽肉。
实施例2
原料肉异味脱除的方法:
在氮气氛围中,向预处理后的猪肉中加入通过实施例1得到的茶叶提取物总重量68%的茶叶提取物,混合均匀后在4℃下反应17min得到第一中间物;
向所述第一中间物中加入余下重量的茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,在4℃下反应20min;其中,所述第一组合物占原料肉重量的3%,包含茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,所述茶叶提取物与乳酸锌的重量比为3:1,乳酸锌的添加量为92mg/kg;
对上述完成反应的原料肉喷涂质量百分数浓度为2.7%的海藻酸钠水溶液。
实施例3
原料肉异味脱除的方法:
在氮气氛围中,向预处理后的鸡肉中加入通过实施例1得到的茶叶提取物总重量50%的茶叶提取物,混合均匀后在3℃下反应30min得到第一中间物;
向所述第一中间物中加入余下重量的茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,在3℃下反应18min;其中,所述第一组合物占原料肉重量的5%,包含茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,所述茶叶提取物与乳酸锌的重量比为2:1,乳酸锌的添加量为85mg/kg;
对上述完成反应的原料肉喷涂质量百分数浓度为3%的海藻酸钠水溶液。
实施例4
原料肉异味脱除的方法:
在氮气氛围中,向预处理后的牛肉中加入通过实施例1得到的茶叶提取物总重量50-75%的茶叶提取物,混合均匀后在1-4℃下反应10-30min得到第一中间物;
向所述第一中间物中加入余下重量的茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,在1-4℃下反应15-25min;其中,所述第一组合物占原料肉重量的1-5%,包含茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,所述茶叶提取物与乳酸锌的重量比为2-4:1,乳酸锌的添加量为85-110mg/kg;
对上述完成反应的原料肉喷涂质量百分数浓度为1.5-3%的海藻酸钠水溶液。
实施例5
原料肉异味脱除的方法:
在氮气氛围中,向预处理后的鸡肉中加入茶叶提取物总重量75%的茶叶提取物,混合均匀后在1℃下反应27min得到第一中间物;
向所述第一中间物中加入余下重量的茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,在1℃下反应22min;其中,所述第一组合物占原料肉重量的3%,包含茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,所述茶叶提取物与乳酸锌的重量比为2:1,乳酸锌的添加量为85mg/kg;
对上述完成反应的原料肉喷涂质量百分数浓度为1.5%的海藻酸钠水溶液。
对比例1
与实施例2相比,取消乳酸锌的添加,其余工艺与配方实施例2相同。
对比例2
与实施例2相比,取消海藻酸钠的喷涂,其余工艺与配方均与实施例2相同。
对比例3
与实施例2相比,将乳酸锌与多酚提取物按一次全部加入至原料肉中进行反应,其余配方与工艺均与实施例2相同。
数据检测:
挥发性盐基氮的值直接反映出肉中脂肪被氧化的程度,通过检测实施例2-5与对比例1-4的肉制品中挥发性盐基氮值随贮藏时间的变化情况,可间接反应原料肉中异味脱除的效果,检测结果如表1所示。
挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)的测定方法:
采用《肉与肉制品卫生标准的分析方法中的半微量定氮法》(GB/T5009.44-2003)测定。挥发性盐基氮是指动物性食品由于酶和细菌的作用,在脂质氧化过程中,使蛋白质分解而产生氨以及胺类等碱性含氮物质,此类物质具有挥发性,在碱性溶液中蒸出后,可用标准酸溶液滴定计算其含量。测定方法:将样品肉绞碎加水提取,滤液蒸馏并用硼酸吸收,吸收液用盐酸标准滴定液滴定,同时做试剂空白试验。TVB-N值的计算如下公式:
式中:X:供试液中挥发性盐基氮的含量,单位mg/100g;
V1:测定供试液消耗盐酸标准溶液的体积,单位mL;
V2:空白消耗盐酸标准溶液的体积,单位mL;
C:盐酸的浓度,单位mol/L;
14:与1.00mL盐酸标准溶液相当的毫克表示的氮的质量,单位mg;
m:试样质量,单位g。
计算结果保留两位有效数字。
判定标准:X≤15mg/100g为新鲜肉;15mg/100g<X≤20mg/100g为次鲜肉;X>20mg/100g为变质肉。
表1挥发性盐基氮的值随贮藏时间的变化
从表1中可以看出,实施例2-5的原料肉刚处理完(即)0天时,TVB-N值就低于对比例1-3,且整个贮藏过程中实施例2-5的TVB-N值均明显低于对比例1-3,抑制脂质氧化的效果明显,证明了实施例一次性脱除异味效果好。同时,对比例1-3大约在第9天左右TVB-N值就已经超出质变极限值20mg/100g,而实施例2-5在第21天左右时才刚刚开始发生脂质过氧化,TVB-N值才达到16mg/100g左右。由此说明,只有按照本发明的方法:先用一部分茶叶提取物与原料肉进行反应,再用剩下的茶叶提取物与乳酸锌共同对前述反应后的原料肉进行处理,并同时喷涂海藻酸钠溶液的方法,才能既实现一次性脱除异味效果好,又能实现在贮藏过程中持久地有效脱除。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种原料肉异味脱除的方法,其特征在于,该方法包含以下步骤: 向原料肉中加入第一组合物进行反应;以及
对上述完成第一次反应的原料肉喷涂海藻酸钠水溶液;
其中,所述第一组合物的添加量占原料肉重量1-5%。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一组合物包含茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,所述茶叶提取物与乳酸锌的重量比为2-4:1,乳酸锌的添加量为20-35mg/kg。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述向原料肉中加入第一组合物进行反应分为两步,具体包含:
向原料中加入茶叶提取物总重量50-75%的茶叶提取物,混合均匀后在1-4℃下反应10-30min得到第一中间物;
向所述第一中间物中加入余下重量的茶叶提取物和乳酸锌,在1-4℃下反应15-25min。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述海藻酸钠水溶液的质量百分数浓度为1.5-3%。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述原料肉包含但不限于畜肉和禽肉。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述向原料肉中加入第一组合物进行反应的步骤在氮气氛围下进行。
7.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述茶叶提取物采用溶剂萃取法,对浸提液离心蒸发后再通过真空干燥得到。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂萃取法使用的溶剂为质量百分数浓度为60%的乙醇,料液比为1:20,浸提次数为1次,在60℃下超声浸提30min。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对浸提液离心蒸发后再通过真空干燥的具体方法为:对浸提液进行2次2000r/min的离心,然后置于60℃环境下蒸发,最后再经过60℃真空干燥24h。
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