CN112931605A - 一种用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于无花果保鲜的技术领域,具体涉及一种用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,包括如下步骤:1)无花果预处理:采摘无花果,置于0~5℃环境下进行预冷,至无花果的表皮温度为10℃以下;2)无花果包装:将预冷之后的无花果表面水分擦干,装进珍珠棉,然后放进低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋,略拧紧,放进带有盖子的吸塑盒,盖上盖子,泡沫箱包装,运送;所述珍珠棉预先浸泡于CaCl2溶液或者肉桂醛溶液。本发明通过低温、化学保鲜以及物理保鲜的结合,采用气调袋包装,防止水分蒸发,减少果皮失水,单果割开包装,防止交叉污染,在常温运输过程中有利于防腐保鲜。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无花果保鲜的技术领域,具体涉及一种用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法。
背景技术
新鲜无花果因富含维生素,矿物质、抗氧化剂(黄酮类和多酚)等多种营养物质,口感和风味老少皆宜,受到人们的喜爱。无花果是呼吸越变型果实,能够采摘后后熟,但是过早采摘,会明显影响口感和风味,而成熟时采摘,运输过程中由于其果软皮薄,容易戳伤、破损、腐烂,且其含糖量极高,在常温贮运过程中容易引起微生物的繁殖,都能导致果品质量迅速下降,无花果在采后容易出现果皮褐变、快速老化皱缩、发酵和腐烂变质等问题,通常会将无花果制成干果,从而降低了果实的风味和营养价值。
因此,选取安全有效的贮运保鲜技术,减少新鲜无花果在运输过程中的损耗尤为重要。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,能够显著防止无花果运输过程中的水分蒸发、果皮失水皱缩,减少果实之间的乙烯释放率,减少致病菌的交叉影响,可实现降低果实腐烂率,延缓果实衰老。
本发明的技术内容如下:
本发明提供了一种用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,包括如下步骤:
1)无花果预处理:采摘无花果,置于0~5℃环境下进行预冷,至无花果的表皮温度为10℃以下;
2)无花果包装:将预冷之后的无花果表面水分擦干,装进珍珠棉,然后放进低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋,略拧紧,放进带有盖子的吸塑盒,盖上盖子,泡沫箱包装,运送;
进一步的,步骤1)所述无花果的采摘最好于天气晴朗,早上露水干了,上午10点之前采果,采摘无病虫害、无刮伤皮破,成熟度为八成熟,果实过熟太软,包装中易压坏;
更优选用于运输的无花果,果顶裂口小,略微裂开即可,若裂口过大,细菌微生物进入易导致发霉;
所述珍珠棉预先浸泡于CaCl2溶液或者肉桂醛溶液;
所述CaCl2的浓度为0.2mol/L~0.5mol/L;
所述肉桂醛溶液浓度为0.4~0.6%;
步骤2)所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的材料为采用低密度聚乙烯LDPE,其密度为0.91g/cm3-0.93g/cm3;
所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的氧气透过率为8000~8500cm3/m2·24h·0.1Mpa(二氧化碳透过率为氧气透过率的40%~60%)、水蒸气透过率20~25g/m2·24h,其低密度聚乙烯LDPE的密度为0.91g/cm3-0.93g/cm3;
优选聚乙烯功能气调袋的氧气透过率为8259cm3/m2·24h·0.1Mpa(二氧化碳透过率为氧气透过率的40%~60%)、水蒸气透过率23.19g/m2·24h;所述气调袋具有自发气调功能,通过氧气和二氧化碳的不同透过率,与袋外大气中的氧气和二氧化碳交换,也能够排出果实产生的过多呼吸水,防止果实腐烂。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,通过低温、化学保鲜以及物理保鲜的结合,采用气调袋包装,防止水分蒸发,减少果皮失水,单果割开包装,防止交叉污染,在常温运输过程中有利于防腐保鲜,可简单清洗之后带皮直接吃,本发明不使用任何消毒杀菌剂,不使用化学保鲜剂,无花果果皮薄、易失水,果皮易刮伤,刮伤后发霉腐烂。
附图说明
图1为实施例3和对比例3的无花果保鲜对比图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施案例以及附图说明对本发明作进一步详细的描述,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的保护范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
若无特殊说明,本发明的所有原料和试剂均为常规市场的原料、试剂。
实施例1
一种用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法:
1)无花果预处理:天气晴朗,早上露水干了,上午10点之前采果,采摘无病虫害、无刮伤皮破,成熟度为八成熟的无花果,果顶裂口小,略微裂开即可,置于4℃环境下进行预冷,至无花果的表皮温度为10℃以下;
2)无花果包装:将预冷之后的无花果表面水分擦干,装进珍珠棉,然后放进低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋,略拧紧,放进带有盖子的吸塑盒,盖上盖子,泡沫箱包装,25℃恒温箱贮藏运送;
所述珍珠棉预先浸泡于CaCl2溶液中,CaCl2溶液的浓度为0.4mol/L;
所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的材料为采用低密度聚乙烯LDPE,其密度为0.91g/cm3-0.93g/cm3;
所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的氧气透过率为8259cm3/m2·24h·0.1Mpa(二氧化碳透过率为氧气透过率的40%~60%)、水蒸气透过率23.19g/m2·24h;
所述珍珠棉尺寸:8.5cm×6cm;气调袋尺寸:10cm×8.9cm;吸塑盒尺寸:27.2cm×20.8cm×8.2cm,12孔,窝子孔径6.3cm,一盒可装12个无花果。
对比例1
作为实施例1的对照组,对比例1的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法:
步骤1)相同;
步骤2)将预处理后的无花果装进珍珠棉之后,直接放进带有盖子的吸塑盒,盖上盖子,泡沫箱包装,25℃恒温箱贮藏运送。
将实施例1和对比例1的对无花果的保鲜方法贮藏之后品质的检测,结果如下表所示:
表1不同保鲜方法的品质指标结果
上述指标的分析方法如下:
(1)皱缩率:果实出现果顶和果皮皱缩;
(2)长霉率:果皮、果顶出现霉点;
(3)腐烂率:果实出现流汁,腐坏现象;
(5)色泽变化:采用全自动色差仪测定,颜色变化主要以亮度L*、色调角h°表示,每个果实沿果皮表面赤道测4个点,取平均值;
(6)呼吸速率:将无花果从包装箱中取出,称重后放入密封罐,二氧化碳探测仪放入密封罐,盖紧密封口,记录初始数值,每隔1min记录一次CO2浓度,共记录6次。测试完后打开密封罐,取出无花果,待记录仪CO2浓度恢复正常大气水平,再放入另一组重复相同操作,直至测定完成;
(7)硬度测定:用TA-XT质构分析仪测定,将果实横向放置在质构仪上,用P/50探头对其进行穿刺测试;
(8)可溶性固形物(TSS)含量:用滴管吸取适量的果汁滴加在数显糖度计的检测镜上测定TSS含量(%)。
由表1可见,实施例1保鲜的无花果优于对比例1的,表明本发明所采用的气调袋包装能够有效降低霉变率、腐烂率、皱缩率,具有一定的透视保湿功能,可有效延缓果实的衰老速率,保持较高的果实硬度和较低的呼吸速率,且果皮色泽较对照组鲜亮,L*值较对比例1更高。
实施例2
一种用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法:
1)无花果预处理:天气晴朗,早上露水干了,上午10点之前采果,采摘无病虫害、无刮伤皮破,成熟度为八成熟的无花果,果顶裂口小,略微裂开即可,置于3℃环境下进行预冷,至无花果的表皮温度为10℃以下;
2)无花果包装:将预冷之后的无花果表面水分擦干,装进珍珠棉,然后放进低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋,略拧紧,放进带有盖子的吸塑盒,盖上盖子,泡沫箱包装,35℃恒温箱贮藏运送;
所述珍珠棉预先浸泡于肉桂醛溶液,肉桂醛溶液浓度为0.4~0.6%;
所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的材料为采用低密度聚乙烯LDPE,其密度为0.91g/cm3-0.93g/cm3;
所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的氧气透过率为8000cm3/m2·24h·0.1Mpa(二氧化碳透过率为氧气透过率的40%~60%)、水蒸气透过率20g/m2·24h。
对比例2
作为实施例2的对照组,对比例2的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法:
步骤1)相同;
步骤2)将预处理后的无花果装进未经过CaCl2溶液或者肉桂醛溶液浸泡的珍珠棉之后,放进带有盖子的吸塑盒,盖上盖子,泡沫箱包装,35℃恒温箱贮藏运送。
将实施例2和对比例2的对无花果的保鲜方法贮藏之后品质的检测,结果如下表所示:
表2不同保鲜方法的品质指标结果
由表2可见,在35℃的贮藏下,实施例2保鲜的无花果优于对比例2,对比例2的无花果随着贮藏时间的增加,果实的皱缩率不断上升,在36小时候果实皱缩达到100%,而实施例2的无花果果实皱缩率在贮藏48小时候仍不超过20%,果实霉斑、腐烂率的发生也有所减轻,且相比对比例2,可有效延缓果实的衰老速率,整个贮藏期保持较高的果实硬度和较低的呼吸速率。
实施例3
一种用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法:
1)无花果预处理:天气晴朗,早上露水干了,上午10点之前采果,采摘无病虫害、无刮伤皮破,成熟度为八成熟的无花果,果顶裂口小,略微裂开即可,置于5℃环境下进行预冷,至无花果的表皮温度为10℃以下;
2)无花果包装:将预冷之后的无花果表面水分擦干,装进珍珠棉,然后放进低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋,略拧紧,放进无花果快递泡沫箱包装盒(市售泡沫箱,22孔,孔径65mm),室温25℃贮藏。运送;
所述珍珠棉预先浸泡于CaCl2溶液,CaCl2溶液的浓度为0.2mol/L~0.5mol/L;
所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的材料为采用低密度聚乙烯LDPE,其密度为0.91g/cm3-0.93g/cm3;
所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的氧气透过率为8500cm3/m2·24h·0.1Mpa(二氧化碳透过率为氧气透过率的40%~60%)、水蒸气透过率25g/m2·24h。
对比例3
作为实施例3的对照组,对比例3的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法:
步骤1)相同;
步骤2)将预处理后的无花果装进珍珠棉之后,放进无花果快递泡沫箱包装盒(市售泡沫箱,22孔,孔径65mm),室温25℃贮藏运送。
将实施例3和对比例3的对无花果的保鲜方法贮藏3天之后,观察无花果的状态,由图1可见,实施例3的无花果色泽更鲜亮,果实饱满,皱缩果较少,新鲜度更高。
综上,表明本发明用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法能够有效保持无花果的新鲜度,且维持较长时间,有助于无花果的常温运输。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)无花果预处理:采摘无花果,置于0~5℃环境下进行预冷,至无花果的表皮温度为10℃以下;
2)无花果包装:将预冷之后的无花果表面水分擦干,装进珍珠棉,然后放进低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋,放进带有盖子的吸塑盒,盖上盖子,泡沫箱包装,运送。
2.由权利要求1所述的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤1)所述无花果的采摘于天气晴朗,早上露水干了,上午10点之前采果,采摘无病虫害、无刮伤皮破,成熟度为八成熟,果顶裂口小。
3.由权利要求1所述的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤2)所述珍珠棉预先浸泡于CaCl2溶液或者肉桂醛溶液。
4.由权利要求3所述的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,其特征在于,所述CaCl2的浓度为0.2mol/L~0.5 mol/L。
5.由权利要求3所述的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,其特征在于,所述肉桂醛溶液的浓度为0.4~0.6%。
6.由权利要求1所述的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤2)所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的材料为采用低密度聚乙烯LDPE,其密度为0.91g/cm3-0.93g/cm3。
7.由权利要求1所述的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤2)所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋的氧气透过率为8000~8500 cm3/m2·24h·0.1Mpa、水蒸气透过率20~25 g/m2·24h。
8.由权利要求7所述的用于无花果常温贮运的保鲜方法,其特征在于,所述低密度聚乙烯功能气调袋中二氧化碳透过率为氧气透过率的40%~60%。
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