CN101715805A - 基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法 - Google Patents
基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101715805A CN101715805A CN200910231564A CN200910231564A CN101715805A CN 101715805 A CN101715805 A CN 101715805A CN 200910231564 A CN200910231564 A CN 200910231564A CN 200910231564 A CN200910231564 A CN 200910231564A CN 101715805 A CN101715805 A CN 101715805A
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- SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylcyclopropene Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 CC1=CC1 SHDPRTQPPWIEJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000005969 1-Methyl-cyclopropene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 4
- 240000007119 Malus pumila Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法，成熟度适宜的富士苹果，采后经1-MCP熏蒸处理，处理时间根据处理温度科学地确定，处理后控制适宜的温湿度及气体成分。主要技术为控制贮藏期间环境中的气体成分，其中冷风库贮藏时采取通风方式控制CO2的浓度小于1％。气调库贮藏时，O2：3％~4％时，CO2：0.9~1.0％；O2：4％~5％时，CO21.0~1.1％。经该技术贮藏的富士苹果贮藏10个月后，硬度高、风味好、口感好，且不会出现二氧化碳伤害，虎皮病发生率很低甚至不发生，大大延长了苹果出库后的货架期。
Description
基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法
(一） 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种果品采后保鲜技术，特别涉及基于l-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果
的冷藏方法。
(二） 背景技术
[0002] 我国苹果总面积和总产量均居世界首位，是世界苹果生产的第一大国。加入世界 贸易组织之后，苹果是我国为数不多的具有明显国际竞争力的农产品之一。富士苹果成熟 期晚，硬度大，品质好，是我国保鲜企业贮藏和内外销流通的主要苹果品种。 [0003] 苹果属于跃变型果实，采后果实受乙烯的影响，大大的縮短了贮藏期。l-甲基环丙 烯（l-MCP)是一种非常有效的乙烯产生和乙烯作用的抑制剂，1-MCP可以阻止乙烯与其受 体的结合，很好地延缓果蔬成熟衰老，延长果蔬的保鲜期。目前，l-MCP已经较广泛地应用于 苹果的贮藏保鲜。l-MCP具有稳定、高效和无毒的优点，在延缓苹果成熟衰老方面受到越来 越多的重视，对这方面的研究也逐步成为了热点。如《食品科学》2003年，24(9) :143-146中 所述：采用l-MCP处理可使红富士苹果在贮藏期间保持较高的硬度和可溶性固形物含量， 延缓果实糖分的消耗，减少可滴定酸损失。《山东农业科学》2006年，6 :31-32中研究表明， l-MCP明显地抑制富士苹果的衰老，有效抑制富士苹果虎皮病的发生。《园林园艺》2009年， 9 :41-42中指出，1-MCP处理能够明显减缓红富士苹果硬度的降低，保持可滴定酸的含量， 维持红富士苹果良好的商品品质和风味，延长货架期。《西北园艺》2009年，2 :39-40介绍了 l-MCP在红富士苹果贮藏保鲜中的处理方法、影响因素、处理效果、处理条件、贮藏要求，文
中指出：普通冷藏库中红富士苹果的贮藏温度以o〜2t:为宜，贮藏温度高于ot:，贮藏期间
库内二氧化碳浓度不能高于1. 5%;气调库中，贮藏前4〜5周时，二氧化碳浓度应控制在1% 以下，以后把二氧化碳浓度控制在1. 2%以下，氧气控制在1. 5%〜2%，贮藏温度以0〜rc为且。
[0004] 使用l-MCP处理苹果，可以很好的保持苹果的商业品质，但是任何保鲜剂在果蔬 上的应用都只是起到辅助保鲜的作用，科学、完善的贮藏管理才是最重要的。目前，国内 在l-MCP用于富士苹果贮藏的研究主要集中于l-MCP对富士苹果的贮藏效果的研究，而对 1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏管理技术则相对较少，即使是这方面的报道也缺乏一定 的合理性。富士苹果对二氧化碳很敏感，且经l-MCP处理后对二氧化碳敏感程度增加，按照 过去已有二氧化碳的指标，极易产生中毒现象，二氧化碳中毒主要表现为果皮褐变，严重时 会出现凹陷，而且在生产上已经出现了这种问题。因此，需要对过去的空气指标进行调整。
(三） 发明内容
[0005] 本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足，提供了一种基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果 的冷藏方法，该冷藏方法保持苹果的硬度、底色和表光，大大延长苹果出库后的货架期。 [0006] 本发明的技术方案是：
[0007] 基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法，其特殊之处在于：经1-甲基环丙烯
3处理的富士苹果贮藏于以下两种的任一种气体环境中：
[0008] 控制冷风库贮藏环境中：C02浓度小于1 % ;
[0009] 气调库中气体环境为:02 :3%〜5%，C02 :0. 9〜1. 1%。
[0010] 本发明的基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法，其进一步改进在于：气调
库中气体环境为:02 :3%〜4%时，C02 :0. 9〜1. 0% ;02 :4%〜5%时，C02 1. 0〜1. 1%。
[0011] 本发明的基于l-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法，贮藏期间控制果心温
度：-l. (T(TC。裸果贮藏，指无保鲜袋包装或保鲜袋打孔的，环境相对湿度不低于90%，保 鲜袋包装但不打孔、袋口折叠的，环境相对湿度不低于70% 。
[0012] 成熟度适宜的富士苹果，采后经1-MCP熏蒸处理，处理时间根据处理温度科学地 确定，处理后控制适宜的温湿度及气体成分。
[0013] 本发明富士苹果采收以后尽快经1-MCP处理。处理温度1〜25t:，熏蒸时间根据温 度来确定，温度越高处理时间相对縮短，如处理温度为2-4t:时，处理时间为24-28小时；处 理温度为25°C时，处理时间为8-10小时。温度低就延长处理时间，若处理温度在0度左右， 熏蒸时间可延长至36小时。
[0014] 本发明贮藏期间，二氧化碳浓度应比未经1-MCP处理的苹果低。冷风库贮藏时采
取通风方式控制二氧化碳，浓度小于1%。气调库贮藏时，02 :3%〜4%时，C02 :0. 9〜1. 0% ;
02 :4%〜5%时，C02 1. 0〜1. 1%。
[0015] 上述方法中，成熟度适宜是指具有该品种苹果应有的颜色、风味和口感，硬度达到 运输时或贮藏期的要求，成熟度偏高无效果。
[0016] 气调贮藏采取地面加湿和空中喷雾加湿相结合，木箱或周转箱内衬保鲜袋包装的 以空中加湿为主，地面加湿为辅。
[0017] 本发明的具体的优点在于：1.该技术可以很好的保持苹果的硬度，口感脆度好； 保持苹果的底色和表光，新鲜如初；处理后的苹果酸甜可口 ；降低了二氧化碳伤害；很大程 度的减轻苹果虎皮病的发生；大大延长苹果出库后的货架期。2.该技术操作简便、易于实 施及推广，适合大生产使用。3.成本低。
(四）具体实施方式
[0018] 下列实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，但本发明不限于此。
[0019] 实例1 :于晴朗天气，采收8〜9成熟、无病虫害、无机械伤、硬度在6. 5Kg/cm2左右、 可溶性固形物含量13%以上富士苹果，将苹果放于透气性良好的塑箱、纸箱、泡沫箱、木箱 中，尽快运回，放于冷藏库内。l-MCP处理时，处理温度2〜4t:，熏蒸时间为24小时。贮藏期 间控制贮藏温度-1. (T-O. 5°C (果心温度），湿度90〜95% 。采取通风方式来控制C02浓度 在0.9%左右，通风时选择在库内外温差最小时进行，前期降温阶段每天一次，果温稳定后 每周2次左右，通风时间根据库容大小确定。贮藏8个月后，苹果硬度高、风味好、口感好， 使用该处理可以显著地抑制果实硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降，减少虎皮病的发病率，贮藏 效果和气调库未使用保鲜王处理的一致，并且货架期要比气调库苹果长至少IO天，出库后 货架期能达到一个月。
[0020] 实例2 :苹果采后经保鲜袋包装，且保鲜袋进行打孔处理，每个打孔20个以上，孔 径在2cm左右，通气孔分布在底部和四周，建议木箱四周和底部使用网格状泡沫垫片，袋口折叠平搭，用胶带封一道即可。苹果经1-MCP处理时，处理温度20°C ，熏蒸时间为8小时，然 后于冷风库贮藏。贮藏期间控制贮藏温度0t:(果心温度），湿度90〜95%，采取通风方式 来控制C02浓度在0. 7%左右，贮藏8个月后，苹果硬度高、风味好、口感好。而贮藏环境中 0)2浓度在1.3% (其余条件相同）的苹果，在贮藏4-5个月后，部分表皮会出现褐变，已经 出现由二氧化碳中毒导致的表皮伤害。
[0021] 实例3 :气调库贮藏控制贮藏期间温度-0. 5°C ±0. 2(果心温度），气体成分02 : 3%〜4%时，C02:0.9〜1.0%。其他技术要求同实施例l。贮藏10个月后，苹果品质保持良 好，虎皮病发生率很低甚至不发生。出库后，做好保湿的前提下货架期20天之内颜色、口 感、风味变化很小。
[0022] 实例4 : l-MCP处理时，处理温度0°C ，熏蒸时间为36小时。气调库贮藏控制贮藏期 间温度-O. 5°C ±0. 2(果心温度），气体成分02 :4%〜5%时，C02 :l.(Tl. 1%。其他技术要
求同实施例1。贮藏io个月后，苹果品质保持良好，不会出现二氧化碳伤害，虎皮病发生率
很低甚至不发生。出库后，做好保湿的前提下货架期20天之内颜色、口感、风味变化很小。 而贮藏环境中0)2浓度在1.2% (其余条件相同）的苹果，在贮藏5-6个月后，10%的苹果 表皮会出现褐变，已经出现由二氧化碳中毒导致的表皮伤害。
Claims (4)
- 基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法，其特征在于：经1-甲基环丙烯处理的富士苹果贮藏于以下两种的任一种气体环境中：控制冷风库贮藏环境中：CO2浓度小于1％；气调库中气体环境为：O2：3％~5％，CO2：0.9~1.1％。
- 2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法，其特征在于： 气调库中气体环境为：02 :3%〜4%时，C02 :0. 9〜1. 0% ;02 :4%〜5%时，C02 1. 0〜1. 1%。
- 3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法，其特征在于： 贮藏期间控制果心温度：-l.(T(TC ;裸果贮藏，环境相对湿度不低于90%。
- 4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于1-甲基环丙烯处理富士苹果的冷藏方法，其特征在于： 贮藏期间控制果心温度：-l. 0〜0°C ;保鲜袋包装，环境相对湿度不低于70%。
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102010905A (zh) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-04-13 | 山东省果树研究所 | 苹果fpps基因的三处突变及其鉴定方法 |
| CN103120206A (zh) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-05-29 | 西北农林科技大学 | 一种改善套袋嘎拉苹果贮藏期生理生化特性的方法 |
| CN104886230A (zh) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-09 | 新疆农业科学院生物质能源研究所 | 一种促进苹果糖心形成的方法 |
| CN105076354A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-11-25 | 田芳 | 一种苹果的保鲜方法 |
| RU2692558C1 (ru) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-06-25 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр им. И.В. Мичурина" | Способ защиты плодов яблок от поражения подкожной пятнистостью при хранении |
| CN110200063A (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-09-06 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | 一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法 |
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| 徐小宁等: "1-甲基环丙烯在红富士苹果贮藏中的应用", 《药肥科技》 * |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102010905A (zh) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-04-13 | 山东省果树研究所 | 苹果fpps基因的三处突变及其鉴定方法 |
| CN102010905B (zh) * | 2010-11-02 | 2013-05-01 | 山东省果树研究所 | 苹果fpps基因的三处突变及其鉴定方法 |
| CN103120206A (zh) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-05-29 | 西北农林科技大学 | 一种改善套袋嘎拉苹果贮藏期生理生化特性的方法 |
| CN104886230A (zh) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-09 | 新疆农业科学院生物质能源研究所 | 一种促进苹果糖心形成的方法 |
| CN104886230B (zh) * | 2015-05-04 | 2018-03-09 | 新疆农业科学院生物质能源研究所 | 一种促进苹果糖心形成的方法 |
| CN105076354A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-11-25 | 田芳 | 一种苹果的保鲜方法 |
| CN105076354B (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-09-11 | 田芳 | 一种苹果的保鲜方法 |
| RU2692558C1 (ru) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-06-25 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр им. И.В. Мичурина" | Способ защиты плодов яблок от поражения подкожной пятнистостью при хранении |
| CN110200063A (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-09-06 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | 一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法 |
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