CN112931324A - Submarine culture method and device suitable for oysters - Google Patents
Submarine culture method and device suitable for oysters Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931324A CN112931324A CN202110247291.4A CN202110247291A CN112931324A CN 112931324 A CN112931324 A CN 112931324A CN 202110247291 A CN202110247291 A CN 202110247291A CN 112931324 A CN112931324 A CN 112931324A
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- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000237516 Mizuhopecten yessoensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000237515 Chlamys nipponensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/77—Artificial fishing banks or reefs of monolithic form, e.g. blocks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
A method and a device suitable for culturing oysters on the seabed are provided, and the culturing method comprises the following steps: selecting a culture sea area; selecting oyster seedlings; designing an oyster submarine culture device; throwing the culture device to the culture sea area, wherein the whole device is positioned on the seabed; management during oyster cultivation, during the oyster cultivation period, oysters reach the commodity specification and the soft parts of the oysters are full and can be harvested. This breeding device includes the floater on upper portion and the fish reef structure of lower part, the floater is established ties as the series structure by establishing the rope from top to bottom and is withstand voltage buoyancy body and a plurality of shell and link, the fish reef structure is a hollow base member, and its upper portion is equipped with the crossbeam, the link is connected fixedly with the crossbeam, the floater with the fish reef structure is connected fixedly. The method develops and utilizes the oyster cultivation sea area in the open sea seabed, resists wind and waves and prevents the oysters from falling off, has few attached objects, can cultivate large-size oysters, and can obviously improve the quality and the yield of the cultivated oysters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oyster cultivation method, in particular to a method suitable for cultivating oysters on the sea floor of the open sea, and belongs to the field of aquaculture.
Background
The oyster is one of four cultured shellfish in China, the yield of the oyster in 2019 is 522.56 ten thousand tons (the statistics yearbook of fishery in China in 2020), which accounts for 1/3 of the total shellfish culture yield in China and accounts for more than 85% of the total oyster production in the world. At present, oyster cultivation modes in China are mainly traditional raft type lifting rope cultivation on the surface layer of shallow sea, and oyster cultivation is carried out on the surface layer of the inland sea area. Because the surface layer of the sea area is very large in wind waves, oysters cultured by the lifting ropes grow continuously along with the oysters, the lifting ropes are difficult to support the oysters with larger weight and larger volume, so that the oysters are easy to fall off from the lifting ropes, and the yield of the oysters is greatly reduced; and the large-size high-quality oysters cannot be cultured in the breeding mode due to the falling off. In addition, the raft type lifting rope cultivation mode is not suitable for deep water in the open sea or sea areas with large waves, and is only suitable for inner gulf and shallow sea with calm wind and waves, so that the cultivation area is limited to the surface area of the offshore sea area, and the bottom area with less waves and attached organisms is not developed and utilized for cultivating oysters.
In addition, the raft type hanging oyster is cultured on the upper layer of the sea area, and due to strong light and more attachment organisms, a large amount of attachments such as mussels and the like are attached to the surface of the oyster cultured by the raft type hanging rope; these attachments affect both oyster growth and further oyster quality and market value. In addition, oyster is bred to raft formula lifting rope not only influences the sea area view generally at nearly bank buoyant raft, still can influence the navigation of sea ship, causes inconvenience to the marine navigation management.
Therefore, a new culture method and technology which can meet the high-quality and environment-friendly development concept of aquaculture and break through the traditional oyster culture mode are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method suitable for undersea cultivation of oysters, and it is another object of the present invention to provide an undersea cultivation device for oysters, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a method suitable for culturing oysters in the seabed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture sea area;
(2) selecting oyster seedlings;
(3) designing an oyster submarine culture device;
(4) throwing the culture device to the culture sea area, wherein the whole device is positioned on the seabed;
(5) managing during oyster cultivation, namely inspecting and maintaining a cultivation device during the oyster cultivation, and harvesting oysters after 1.5-2.0 years of natural cultivation until the oysters reach the commodity specification of 12-15cm and the soft bodies of the oysters are full.
Further, selecting an open sea area which is rich in baits and is not influenced by inland environment in the sea area in the step (1), or using a marine pastoral area and an artificial fish reef area as a culture sea area; and the water quality of the culture sea area meets the national class I water quality.
Further, in the step (2), oyster seedlings attached to scallop shells are artificially cultured, the specification is 3-5mm, and 20-30 oyster seedlings are attached to each scallop shell.
Further, in the step (4), a culture device attached with oyster seedlings is transported to the oyster culture sea area by a fishing boat for culture.
Further, the oyster seabed cultivation device in the step (3) comprises an upper floating body part and a lower fish reef structure, wherein the floating body part is in a series connection structure by a formation rope and is a pressure-resistant floating body, a plurality of shells and hanging rings from top to bottom, the fish reef structure is a hollow base body, a cross beam is arranged at the upper part of the fish reef structure, the hanging rings are fixedly connected with the cross beam, and the floating body part is fixedly connected with the fish reef structure; the fish reef structure can be submerged in the sea floor for locating the entire apparatus below the sea surface.
Furthermore, the pressure-resistant buoyancy body is a hollow ellipsoid made of polyethylene plastic, and the pressure-resistant strength of the pressure-resistant buoyancy body is 11-12 Kg.
Furthermore, the fish reef structure is a hollow trapezoidal structure and is processed by reinforced concrete.
Further, the bottom of the trapezoid of the fish reef structure is 5-6 meters long and 5-6 meters wide, the upper surface of the trapezoid is 4-5 meters long and 4-5 meters wide, the height of the trapezoid is 2-3 meters, and the weight of the trapezoid is 6-8 tons; the beam is made of rustproof steel bars with the diameter of 2-3cm thick, the rustproof steel bars and the fish reef structure are integrated, and each reef body part is provided with 10-12 beam seedlings.
Further, the formed rope is 50-60 strands of monofilament polyethylene rope, and the length of the formed rope is 3-4 meters.
Furthermore, each rope of the breeding rope can clamp 15-20 shells of oyster seedlings, and the number of the oyster seedlings clamped by each rope is 300-500. A single oyster submarine culture device can be hung into 100 plus 120 ropes, and 4-5 sets of culture facilities can be put in each mu of sea area.
Further, the shell is selected from Japanese scallop shell.
The fish reef structure can be used as a sea cucumber cultivation base.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by designing the culture device, the deep sea area is selected for submarine culture, the cultivation is resistant to wind and waves, the culture operation and management are simple and convenient, the influence of wind and waves is not required, the fall of cultured oysters is greatly reduced, and the acre yield can be improved by 20-30%. The invention can cultivate large-size oysters due to light falling and long cultivation time, does not need special management, only needs to hang ropes during cultivation, and has two working procedures of rope unwinding and harvesting, thereby saving labor and time compared with the traditional raft type lifting rope cultivation. Meanwhile, the fish reef structure at the sea bottom is a good multiplication place for the stichopus japonicus, the oyster culture manure is high-quality bait for the stichopus japonicus, and other sea products of the stichopus japonicus can be obtained while the oysters are cultured.
The invention can directly breed oyster seedlings at the bottom of a 10-15 m sea area, on one hand, the operation of ships at the upper part of the water surface is not influenced, the landscape of the breeding sea area is kept, on the other hand, the breeding is carried out in open sea, because the water flow of the sea area at the bottom of the open sea is smooth, the attachment of attached organisms such as mussels and the like is reduced, the attachment can be reduced by more than 20 percent, and the surface of the oyster shell is smooth, thereby breeding oysters with beautiful shell shapes and good quality, meeting the market demand, breaking through the traditional oyster breeding method and technology, and expanding the oyster breeding area and range.
The invention breaks through the traditional oyster cultivation mode only aiming at the surface sea area of the open sea, develops and utilizes the oyster cultivation sea area of the open sea seabed, resists wind and waves and prevents falling off, has few attached objects, can cultivate large-size oysters, is used for improving the quality and the yield of the cultivated oysters, simultaneously improves the high-valued utilization rate of the bottom sea area of the open sea and develops the green and healthy cultivation of the oysters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the cultivation apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-fish reef structure, 2-beam, 3-suspension loop, 4-growing rope, 5-shell and 6-pressure-resistant buoyancy body.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
a method suitable for oyster submarine culture comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture sea area: selecting an open sea area which is rich in baits and is not influenced by inland environment, or using a marine ranching area and an artificial fish reef area as a culture sea area; the water quality meets the national first-class water quality of the aquaculture sea area;
(2) selecting oyster seedlings: selecting artificially cultured oyster seedlings attached to scallop shells, wherein the specification is 3-5mm, and each scallop shell is attached with 20-30 oyster seedlings;
(3) designing an oyster submarine culture device;
(4) the culture device is thrown into the culture sea area, the whole device is positioned below the sea surface, and the culture device is conveyed to the oyster culture sea area by a fishing boat for culture;
(5) managing during oyster cultivation, checking the safety of the floating body part and the winding of a lifting rope during the oyster cultivation, and harvesting when the oysters reach the commodity specification of 12-15cm and the soft body part is full after natural cultivation for 1.5-2.0 years.
Example 2:
the oyster submarine culture device comprises a floating body part at the upper part and a fish reef structure at the lower part, wherein the floating body part is in a series connection structure by a culture rope 4 and is in a pressure-resistant floating body 6, a plurality of shells 5 (preferably patinopecten yessoensis shells) and a hanging ring 3 which are connected in series from top to bottom, the fish reef structure is a hollow base body, a cross beam 2 is arranged at the upper part of the fish reef structure, the hanging ring 3 is fixedly connected with the cross beam 2, and the floating body part is fixedly connected with the fish reef structure; the fish reef structure sinks to the seabed.
Based on the above structure, the device specifications in this embodiment are as follows (of course, the device specifications may also be changed based on specific needs):
the pressure-resistant buoyancy body 6 is a hollow ellipsoid made of polyethylene plastic, and the pressure-resistant strength of the pressure-resistant buoyancy body is 11-12 Kg.
The fish reef structure 1 is a hollow trapezoidal structure and is processed by reinforced concrete; the fish reef structure 1 is characterized in that the trapezoid bottom is 5-6 meters long and 5-6 meters wide, the trapezoid top is 4-5 meters long and 4-5 meters wide, the trapezoid height is 2-3 meters, and the weight is 6-8 tons; the beam 2 is made of rustproof steel bars with the diameter of 2-3cm thick, and is integrated with the fish reef structure 1, and each reef body part is provided with 10-12 beam seedlings.
The cultured rope 4 is a 50-60 strand monofilament polyethylene rope, and the length is 3-4 meters; each rope can clamp 15-20 shells of oyster seedlings, and each rope can clamp 500 oyster seedlings with the number of 300-. The breeding facilities can be hung into 100-120 ropes, and 4-5 sets of breeding facilities can be put in each mu of sea area.
Based on the cultivation method provided by the embodiment 1 and the cultivation device designed by the embodiment 2, oyster seedlings can be directly cultivated at the bottom of a 10-15 m sea area, on one hand, the operation of ships at the upper part of the water surface is not influenced, the landscape of the cultivation sea area is kept, on the other hand, cultivation is carried out at the bottom of the open sea, because the water flow of the open sea bottom is smooth, wind waves and falling are resisted, the yield per mu can be improved by 20-30%, fewer living organisms are attached, and the oyster shells are smooth, so that large-size oysters with attractive shell shapes and good quality are cultivated, the market demand is met, the traditional oyster cultivation method and technology are broken through, and the oyster cultivation area and the oyster cultivation range are expanded.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method suitable for culturing oysters on the seabed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture sea area;
(2) selecting oyster seedlings;
(3) designing an oyster submarine culture device;
(4) throwing the culture device to the culture sea area, wherein the whole device is positioned on the seabed;
(5) managing during oyster cultivation, namely inspecting and maintaining a cultivation device during the oyster cultivation, and harvesting after 1.5-2.0 years of natural cultivation, wherein oysters reach the commodity specification of 12-15cm and are full of soft bodies.
2. The method for undersea cultivation of oysters according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) selects the open sea area which is rich in baits and is not affected by inland environment, or uses a marine ranching area and an artificial fish reef area as the cultivation sea area; and the water quality of the culture sea area meets the national class I water quality.
3. The method for culturing oysters on the seabed as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (2) selects oyster seedlings attached to shells which are cultured artificially, the specification is 3-5mm, and each scallop shell is attached with 20-30 oyster seedlings.
4. The oyster seafloor culturing method according to claim 1, wherein the oyster seafloor culturing device in the step (3) comprises an upper floating body part and a lower fish reef structure, the floating body part is connected in series from top to bottom by a culturing rope (4) serving as a series structure to form a pressure-resistant floating body (6) and a plurality of shells (5) and hanging rings (3), the fish reef structure is a hollow base body, a cross beam (2) is arranged at the upper part of the fish reef structure, the hanging rings (3) are fixedly connected with the cross beam (2), and the floating body part is fixedly connected with the fish reef structure; the fish reef structure can be submerged in the sea floor for locating the entire apparatus below the sea surface.
5. The method for undersea cultivation of oyster according to claim 4, wherein the pressure-resistant buoyancy body (6) is a hollow ellipsoid made of polyethylene plastic and has a pressure-resistant strength of 11-12 Kg.
6. The oyster seafloor cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the fish reef structure (1) is a hollow ladder-shaped structure which is processed by reinforced concrete.
7. The oyster seafloor cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the fish reef structure (1) has a trapezoidal bottom with a length of 5-6 m and a width of 5-6 m, a trapezoidal top with a length of 4-5 m and a width of 4-5 m, a trapezoidal height of 2-3 m and a weight of 6-8 tons; the beam (2) is made of rustproof steel bars with the diameter of 2-3cm thick and is integrated with the fish reef structure (1), and each reef part is provided with 10-12 beams for hanging seedlings.
8. The oyster submarine culture method according to claim 4, wherein the culture rope (4) is 50-60 strands of monofilament polyethylene rope, and has a length of 3-4 m; each rope of the breeding rope (4) can clamp 15-20 shells of oyster seedlings, and the number of the oyster seedlings clamped by each rope is 300-500; a single oyster submarine culture device can be hung into 100 plus 120 ropes, and 4-5 sets of culture facilities can be put in each mu of sea area.
9. The oyster submarine culture method according to claim 4, wherein the shells (5) are patinopecten yessoensis shells.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110247291.4A CN112931324B (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2021-03-05 | Submarine culture method and device suitable for oysters |
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| CN202110247291.4A CN112931324B (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2021-03-05 | Submarine culture method and device suitable for oysters |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114747523A (en) * | 2022-05-22 | 2022-07-15 | 中国海洋大学 | Anti-falling method and device for oyster hanging culture period in north |
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