CN112931192A - Method for cultivating improved Wen radix codonopsis seeds - Google Patents
Method for cultivating improved Wen radix codonopsis seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931192A CN112931192A CN202110435956.4A CN202110435956A CN112931192A CN 112931192 A CN112931192 A CN 112931192A CN 202110435956 A CN202110435956 A CN 202110435956A CN 112931192 A CN112931192 A CN 112931192A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating improved Wen radix codonopsis seeds, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine breeding. The method realizes the cultivation of the good seeds of the Wen radix codonopsis through four steps of plant screening, stratification, planting and breeding. Before breeding, the invention firstly carries out layering and layering treatment on seeds, firstly, the permeability of the seeds is ensured, and secondly, the embryo development of the seeds can be improved and the dormancy of the seeds can be broken. According to the invention, bee pollination is carried out firstly, then nutrient solution pollination is carried out, and then nutrient solution pollination is carried out during bee pollination, so that the success rate of breeding and breeding can be obviously improved, and the inheritance of improved varieties of breeding offspring can be well ensured. By utilizing the cultivation method, the acre yield of the codonopsis pilosula is 450-462 kg/acre, the acre yield of the conventional codonopsis pilosula is 401kg, the yield is increased by 12.2-15.2%, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine breeding, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating improved Wen radix codonopsis seeds.
Background
Wen dangshen is a local name, known as vegetarian flower dangshen, which is the dried root of dangshen (Radix Codonopsis pilosulae) belonging to the genus Codonopsis of the family Campanulaceae. Wen dangshen is one of the Chinese herbal medicines, dangshen, a special local product in Gansu Wen county. Wen Dang Shen belongs to the category of Codonopsis lanceolata, so its root and transverse striation is much finer and denser than other Dang Shen, so its name is. Mainly produced in Wen county, Min county and Wudu provinces in Gansu province, and has been planted for decades.
The existing literature search shows that Chinese patent publication No. CN102318552A, published by the patent application of 2012, 01-18, discloses a method for cultivating improved Wen radix codonopsis seeds, which comprises the following steps: breeding environment; selecting a hybrid parent, wherein the parent adopts the local Wen radix codonopsis as a female parent and the local wild Wen radix codonopsis as a male parent; the hybridization method is to use natural pollination; breeding filial generation, in the first year, selecting seeds of the Wen radix codonopsis in the current year, and sowing the seeds into the field where the Wen radix codonopsis is planted again; in the second year, after the Wen radix codonopsis is inoculated, seeds of good-growing plants are selected and sown in the field where the Wen radix codonopsis is planted; in the third year, selecting seeds of the plants with good growth vigor for reserving seeds; then, the selection of the plant lineage and the improved variety of the Wen codonopsis pilosula are continuously carried out for 1 to 2 years. Although the yield is obviously increased, the invention cannot ensure good heredity and uneven conditions occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating the good Wen radix codonopsis seeds, which can well ensure the inheritance of good seeds of breeding offspring and can obviously improve the yield of the Wen radix codonopsis.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating improved Wen radix codonopsis seeds comprises the following steps:
1) plant screening: selecting plants of the Wen radix codonopsis in maturity, and removing plants with few plant diseases and insect pests;
2) lamination treatment: uniformly spreading the codonopsis pilosula on a substrate, completely placing seeds in a container according to two layers of substrates and one layer of seeds, laying a gauze on the upper substrate layer, and laying absorbent cotton on the lower substrate layer;
3) planting and breeding: after planting the seeds of the pilose asiabell root treated in the step 2), fertilizing seedlings by using liquid fertilizer at the stage of emergence, fertilizing once every 3-5 days for 3-4 times in total, and breeding after the pilose asiabell root is mature;
4) breeding and breeding: selecting Wen radix codonopsis plants planted and bred in the step 3) as female parents, performing hybridization treatment by using indigenous Wen radix codonopsis plants in Gansu Wen county as male parents, and pollinating bees 20-30 days before blooming, wherein the pollination of the bees is 1 time for odd days and 3 times for even days, the pollination time is 10: 00-11: 00 in the morning every day, and after 10-12 days, the bees are removed and sprayed with the prepared nutrient solution I for pollination; the nutrient solution I is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of boric acid, 10-12 parts of paclobutrazol, 5-8 parts of brassinolide, 10-14 parts of glucose and 100-120 parts of water.
Further, the matrix in the step 2) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-19 parts of double-mushroom residues, 14-17 parts of perlite, 10-14 parts of cotton straw chips, 5-9 parts of calcium superphosphate and 4-6 parts of beer yeast.
Further, the liquid fertilizer is prepared from liquid leftovers for producing vitamin C and seaweed concentrated solution according to the mass ratio of 100-150: 40-60.
Further, in 6-8 days of bee pollination, spraying and pollination of the nutrient solution I are carried out at 10:30 of the bee pollination in 6 days and 8 days, and spraying and pollination of the nutrient solution I are carried out at 10:00 of the bee pollination in 7 days.
Further, the concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 6 th day and the 8 th day is 50% -60% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I.
Further, the concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 7 th day is 30-40% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) before breeding, the invention firstly carries out layering and layering treatment on seeds, firstly, the permeability of the seeds is ensured, and secondly, the embryo development of the seeds can be improved and the dormancy of the seeds can be broken.
2) According to the invention, bee pollination is carried out firstly, then nutrient solution pollination is carried out, and then nutrient solution pollination is carried out during bee pollination, so that the success rate of breeding and breeding can be obviously improved, and the inheritance of improved varieties of breeding offspring can be well ensured.
3) By utilizing the cultivation method, the acre yield of the codonopsis pilosula is 450-462 kg/acre, the acre yield of the conventional codonopsis pilosula is 401kg, the yield is increased by 12.2-15.2%, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating improved Wen radix codonopsis seeds comprises the following steps:
1) plant screening: selecting plants of the Wen radix codonopsis in maturity, and removing plants with few plant diseases and insect pests;
2) lamination treatment: uniformly spreading the codonopsis pilosula on a substrate, completely placing seeds in a container according to two layers of substrates and one layer of seeds, laying a gauze on the upper substrate layer, and laying absorbent cotton on the lower substrate layer; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of double-mushroom residues, 14 parts of perlite, 10 parts of cotton straw chips, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 4 parts of beer yeast.
3) Planting and breeding: after planting the seeds of the pilose asiabell root treated in the step 2), fertilizing seedlings by using liquid fertilizer at the stage of emergence, fertilizing every 3 days for 3 times in total, and breeding after the pilose asiabell root is mature; the liquid fertilizer is prepared from liquid leftovers for producing vitamin C and seaweed concentrated solution according to the mass ratio of 100: 40.
4) Breeding and breeding: selecting Wen radix codonopsis plants planted and bred in the step 3) as female parents, carrying out hybridization treatment by taking local Wen radix codonopsis plants in Gansu Wen county as male parents, carrying out bee pollination 20 days before flowering, wherein bee pollination is carried out for 1 time in odd days and 3 times in even days, the pollination time is 10:00 in the morning every day, and after 10 days, the bees are removed and spray pollinated by using the prepared nutrient solution I; the nutrient solution I is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of paclobutrazol, 5 parts of brassinolide, 10 parts of glucose and 100 parts of water. In the 6 th day of bee pollination, spraying and pollination of the nutrient solution I are carried out once at 10:30 of the 6 th day and 8 th day of bee pollination, and spraying and pollination of the nutrient solution I are carried out once at 10:00 of the 7 th day of bee pollination. The concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 6 th day and the 8 th day is 50% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I. The concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 7 th day is 30% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I.
Test detection shows that the acre yield of the Wen radix codonopsis pilosulae is 450 kg/acre, the acre yield of the conventional Wen radix codonopsis pilosulae is 401kg, and the yield is increased by 12.2%.
Example 2
1) Plant screening: selecting plants of the Wen radix codonopsis in maturity, and removing plants with few plant diseases and insect pests;
2) lamination treatment: uniformly spreading the codonopsis pilosula on a substrate, completely placing seeds in a container according to two layers of substrates and one layer of seeds, laying a gauze on the upper substrate layer, and laying absorbent cotton on the lower substrate layer; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 17 parts of double-mushroom residue, 15 parts of perlite, 12 parts of cotton straw scraps, 7 parts of calcium superphosphate and 5 parts of beer yeast.
3) Planting and breeding: after planting the seeds of the pilose asiabell root treated in the step 2), fertilizing seedlings by using liquid fertilizer at the stage of emergence, fertilizing once every 4 days for 4 times in total, and breeding after the pilose asiabell root is mature; the liquid fertilizer is prepared from liquid leftovers for producing vitamin C and seaweed concentrated solution according to the mass ratio of 125: 50.
4) Breeding and breeding: selecting Wen radix codonopsis plants planted and bred in the step 3) as female parents, carrying out hybridization treatment by taking local Wen radix codonopsis plants in Gansu Wen county as male parents, carrying out bee pollination 25 days before flowering, wherein bee pollination is carried out for 1 time in odd days and 3 times in even days, and the pollination time is 10:30 in the morning every day, and bee spray pollination is carried out by using prepared nutrient solution I after 11 days; the nutrient solution I is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of boric acid, 11 parts of paclobutrazol, 7 parts of brassinolide, 12 parts of glucose and 110 parts of water. In 6-8 days of bee pollination, spraying and pollination of the nutrient solution I are carried out at 10:30 of the bee pollination in 6 days and 8 days, and spraying and pollination of the nutrient solution I are carried out at 10:00 of the bee pollination in 7 days. The concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 6 th day and the 8 th day is 55% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I. The concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 7 th day is 35% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I.
Test detection shows that the acre yield of the Wen radix codonopsis pilosulae is 462 kg/acre, the acre yield of the conventional Wen radix codonopsis pilosulae is 401kg, and the yield is increased by 15.2 percent.
Example 3
1) Plant screening: selecting plants of the Wen radix codonopsis in maturity, and removing plants with few plant diseases and insect pests;
2) lamination treatment: uniformly spreading the codonopsis pilosula on a substrate, completely placing seeds in a container according to two layers of substrates and one layer of seeds, laying a gauze on the upper substrate layer, and laying absorbent cotton on the lower substrate layer; the matrix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 19 parts of double-mushroom residues, 17 parts of perlite, 14 parts of cotton straw scraps, 9 parts of calcium superphosphate and 6 parts of beer yeast.
3) Planting and breeding: after planting the seeds of the pilose asiabell root treated in the step 2), fertilizing seedlings by using liquid fertilizer at the stage of emergence, fertilizing once every 5 days for 4 times in total, and breeding after the pilose asiabell root is mature; the liquid fertilizer is prepared from liquid leftovers for producing vitamin C and seaweed concentrated solution according to the mass ratio of 150: 60.
4) Breeding and breeding: selecting Wen radix codonopsis plants planted and bred in the step 3) as female parents, carrying out hybridization treatment by taking local Wen radix codonopsis plants in Gansu Wen county as male parents, carrying out bee pollination 30 days before flowering, wherein bee pollination is carried out for 1 time in odd days and 3 times in even days, the pollination time is 11:00 in the morning of each day, and the bees are removed after 12 days and are subjected to spray pollination by using the prepared nutrient solution I; the nutrient solution I is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of boric acid, 12 parts of paclobutrazol, 8 parts of brassinolide, 14 parts of glucose and 120 parts of water. In 6-8 days of bee pollination, spraying and pollination of the nutrient solution I are carried out at 10:30 of the bee pollination in 6 days and 8 days, and spraying and pollination of the nutrient solution I are carried out at 10:00 of the bee pollination in 7 days. The concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 6 th day and the 8 th day is 60% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I. The concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 7 th day is 40% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I.
Test detection shows that the acre yield of the Wen radix codonopsis pilosulae is 458 kg/acre, the acre yield of the conventional Wen radix codonopsis pilosulae is 401kg, and the yield is increased by 14.2 percent.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for cultivating improved Wen radix codonopsis seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) plant screening: selecting plants of the Wen radix codonopsis in maturity, and removing plants with few plant diseases and insect pests;
2) lamination treatment: uniformly spreading the codonopsis pilosula on a substrate, completely placing seeds in a container according to two layers of substrates and one layer of seeds, laying a gauze on the upper substrate layer, and laying absorbent cotton on the lower substrate layer;
3) planting and breeding: after planting the seeds of the pilose asiabell root treated in the step 2), fertilizing seedlings by using liquid fertilizer at the stage of emergence, fertilizing once every 3-5 days for 3-4 times in total, and breeding after the pilose asiabell root is mature;
4) breeding and breeding: selecting Wen radix codonopsis plants planted and bred in the step 3) as female parents, carrying out hybridization treatment by using indigenous Wen radix codonopsis plants in Gansu Wen county as male parents, and pollinating bees 20-30 days before blooming, wherein the pollination of bees is 1 time for odd days and 3 times for even days, the pollination time is 10: 00-11: 00 every morning, and after 10-12 days, the bees are removed and sprayed with the prepared nutrient solution I for pollination; the nutrient solution I is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of boric acid, 10-12 parts of paclobutrazol, 5-8 parts of brassinolide, 10-14 parts of glucose and 100-120 parts of water.
2. The method for cultivating the improved variety of Wen radix codonopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix in step 2) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-19 parts of double-mushroom residues, 14-17 parts of perlite, 10-14 parts of cotton straw chips, 5-9 parts of calcium superphosphate and 4-6 parts of beer yeast.
3. The method for cultivating the improved variety of the Wen radix codonopsis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid fertilizer is prepared from liquid leftovers for producing vitamin C and seaweed concentrated solution according to a mass ratio of 100-150: 40-60.
4. A cultivation method of an improved variety of Wen radix codonopsis as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in 6-8 days of bee pollination, spraying and pollination of nutrient solution I are performed once at 10:30 of bee pollination in 6 days and 8 days, and spraying and pollination of nutrient solution I are performed once at 10:00 of bee pollination in 7 days.
5. The method for cultivating the improved variety of Wen radix codonopsis as claimed in claim 4, wherein the concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 6 th day and the 8 th day is 50% -60% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I.
6. The method for cultivating the improved variety of Wen radix codonopsis as claimed in claim 4, wherein the concentration of the nutrient solution I sprayed on the 7 th day is 30-40% of the total concentration of the nutrient solution I.
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