CN112919967B - Method for preparing organic fertilizer from municipal sludge - Google Patents
Method for preparing organic fertilizer from municipal sludge Download PDFInfo
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by adopting municipal sludge, which comprises the following steps: regulating the water content of municipal sludge, adding a heavy metal adsorbent, stirring, and discharging an upper layer solution; regulating the water content of the obtained lower sludge, adding a conditioner, and stirring; dewatering the stirred sludge, air-drying, crushing, taking crushed sludge, rapeseed cakes, sheep board manure and a composite microbial agent, uniformly stirring and mixing, and then adding the mixture into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation; the aerobic fermentation adopts a Roots blower aeration device to forcibly blow air to the bottom of the fermentation tank for aeration; cooling the fermented material to normal temperature, and then delivering the material out of the tank to an aging area for aging; naturally airing the aged materials, then, processing the materials in a pulverizer, sieving the materials, then, feeding the sieved materials in a dynamic proportioning bin, and packaging the sieved materials after biaxial stirring. The organic fertilizer is manufactured by carrying out a series of treatments on municipal sludge, so that the waste utilization is realized, and the purposes of stabilization, harmlessness, reduction and recycling of the sludge treatment are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of municipal sludge treatment, in particular to a method for preparing organic fertilizer from municipal sludge.
Background
Municipal sludge is a solid pollutant generated when sewage is treated by an urban sewage treatment plant, and consists of organic matters, inorganic salts, microorganisms, parasitic ova and the like. The dewatered sludge produced by the sewage treatment plant is directly sent to a landfill for landfill treatment, so that not only is the landfill effect affected and the landfill environment deteriorated, but also the treatment difficulty of landfill leachate is increased due to the fact that the sludge contains pathogens, heavy metals and high molecular organic matters. The water content of dehydrated sludge produced by a common sewage treatment plant is about 75-85%, the sludge is solid or fluid, and is a mixture mainly comprising organic components and complex in components, wherein the mixture contains organic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and various microelements which are potentially valuable. The common organic fertilizer is prepared by the processes of sludge drying, crushing, blending, granulating, drying and the like, so that the waste utilization can be realized, the waste is changed into valuable, and the purposes of stabilizing, harmless, reducing and recycling the sludge are achieved.
After stabilizing, reducing and innocuous treatments such as concentration (conditioning), dehydration, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, composting, drying and the like, other auxiliary materials such as a composite fermentation microbial inoculum and the like are added for fermentation, and sludge is recycled and utilized to prepare the high-quality and high-efficiency organic fertilizer for agricultural, landscaping and land improvement, so that secondary pollution of the sludge to the environment is avoided, and the local soil environment is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a method for preparing an organic fertilizer using municipal sludge, comprising the steps of:
firstly, adjusting the water content of municipal sludge to 140-160% by adopting acidic electrolyzed water, then adding a heavy metal adsorbent, stirring for 5-8 hours, then standing for 8-10 hours, discharging the upper solution, and taking out the heavy metal adsorbent;
step two, adding alkaline electrolyzed water into the lower sludge obtained in the step one, adjusting the water content to 80-100%, then adding a conditioner, and stirring for 3-5 hours;
step three, introducing the sludge stirred in the step two into a plate-and-frame filter press for dehydration treatment, so that the water content of the sludge is regulated to 40-50%;
step four, air-drying the dehydrated sludge in the step three until the water content is 10-15%, crushing, taking 80-100 parts of crushed sludge, 10-15 parts of rapeseed cakes, 10-20 parts of sheep manure and 0.5-0.8 part of compound microbial agent according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation, turning the pile when the temperature of the aerobic fermentation reaches 60-70 ℃, repeating turning once every 2 days, turning the pile for 8 times in total in the whole fermentation period, and fermenting for 28 days; the aerobic fermentation adopts a Roots blower aeration device to forcibly blow air to the bottom of the fermentation tank for aeration;
step five, cooling the fermented material in the step four to normal temperature, and then delivering the material out of the tank to an aging area for aging for 1-2 months; naturally airing the aged materials, then, processing the materials in a crusher, sieving the materials, then, feeding the materials in a dynamic proportioning bin, and packaging the materials after biaxial stirring; if the granules are produced, the granules are put into a rotary drum for granulation or a disc for granulation, and then are dried, cooled, screened and packaged.
Preferably, the preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent comprises the following steps: dissolving polyacrylonitrile and polybutyl acrylate with the mass ratio of 2:1 into a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide with the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a shell spinning solution with the concentration of 8-12 wt%; adopting high-voltage electrostatic spinning equipment, inputting a shell spinning solution into the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle, and simultaneously inputting high-purity nitrogen into the inner layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle; setting high-voltage electrostatic spraying conditions, and spraying the shell solution onto a tin foil receiving device in a high-voltage electrostatic manner to obtain a hollow polymer fiber membrane; cutting the hollow polymer fiber membrane into strip membranes with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 10mm, then adding the strip membranes into a supercritical carbon dioxide reaction kettle, charging carbon dioxide to the pressure of 18-28 MPa, and heating to 60-65 ℃; and (3) stirring and swelling the formed supercritical carbon dioxide for 60min, then decompressing at a speed of 0.5MPa/min, adding activated attapulgite, charging carbon dioxide again to a pressure of 18-28 MPa, heating to 80-85 ℃, stirring for 90min, and decompressing at a speed of 1MPa/min to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent.
Preferably, the high-voltage electrostatic spraying condition is as follows: the environment temperature is 45-65 ℃, the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 15-20 kV, the distance between the receiving device and the stainless steel coaxial needle head spinning nozzle is 5-12 cm, and the flow rate of the shell spinning solution is 15-20 mL/h; the flow rate of the high-purity nitrogen is 4-6 mL/h; the inner diameter of the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle is 1.2-1.6 mm, and the inner diameter of the inner layer is 0.5-0.6 mm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the activated attapulgite comprises the following steps: activating attapulgite at high temperature; adding 10-20 parts of high-temperature activated attapulgite into 80-100 parts of water according to parts by weight, pressurizing and carrying out ultrasonic treatment, then adding 1-2 parts of amino acid, heating to 65-85 ℃, stirring and reacting for 3-5 hours, then filtering, drying and grinding to obtain activated attapulgite; the mass ratio of the activated attapulgite to the hollow polymer fiber membrane is 1:5-10.
Preferably, the heating process of the high-temperature activation is as follows: heating to 100-120 ℃ at the speed of 0.5-1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60 min, heating to 300-350 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature; the pressure ultrasonic pressure is 2.5-4.5 MPa, and the frequency is 65-75 KHz; the amino acid is any one of histidine, amino acid, valine, threonine, isoleucine and arginine.
Preferably, the preparation method of the acidic electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing sodium chloride solution serving as electrolyte to obtain acidic stock solution, and diluting the acidic stock solution by 12-18 times to obtain acidic electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the acidic stock solution is 850-1250 mv; the pH value of the acidic stock solution is 1.3-2.5; the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.08-0.18 kg/L, the flow rate of the sodium chloride solution into the electrolytic tank is 8-12L/min, the electrolysis current is 8-12A, and the voltage is 12-20V.
Preferably, the preparation method of the alkaline electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: the potassium carbonate solution is taken as electrolyte to obtain alkaline stock solution through electrolysis, and the alkaline stock solution is diluted 15-18 times to obtain alkaline electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the alkaline stock solution is-850 mv to-1250 mv; the pH value of the alkaline stock solution is 12.5-13.7; the mass concentration of the potassium carbonate solution is 18-28%, and the conductivity is 20000-56000 mS/m; the current of electrolysis is 10-15A.
Preferably, in the first step, the heavy metal adsorbent is added in the following manner: loading the heavy metal adsorbent into a snake skin bag, sealing the mouth of the snake skin bag, and adding the sealed snake skin bag into municipal sludge with the water content adjusted; the weight ratio of the heavy metal adsorbent to the municipal sludge is 1:5-20.
Preferably, the conditioning agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 2-5 parts of calcium oxide, 8-12 parts of fly ash, 1-3 parts of polyaluminium sulfate and 1-3 parts of phytic acid; the weight ratio of the conditioner to the municipal sludge is 1:3-10.
Preferably, the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is formed by mixing the following components in percentage by volume: 22-30% of lactobacillus, 15-18% of bacillus, 10-25% of saccharomycete, 12-16% of aspergillus niger, 15-25% of actinomycetes, 10-15% of candida and 12-15% of streptococcus thermophilus.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the organic fertilizer is prepared by carrying out a series of treatments on municipal sludge, so that the waste is utilized, the waste is changed into valuable, and the purposes of stabilization, harmlessness, reduction and recycling of the sludge treatment are achieved; the sludge is recycled and prepared into high-quality and high-efficiency organic fertilizer for agriculture, landscaping and land improvement, so that secondary pollution of the sludge to the environment is avoided, and the soil environment is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same by referring to the description.
It will be understood that terms, such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1:
a method for preparing organic fertilizer by municipal sludge comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the water content of 50kg of municipal sludge with the water content of 80% to 150% by adopting acidic electrolyzed water, then adding 5kg of heavy metal adsorbent, stirring for 8 hours, standing for 10 hours, discharging the upper solution, and taking out the heavy metal adsorbent;
the heavy metal adsorbent is added in the following manner: loading the heavy metal adsorbent into a snake skin bag, sealing the mouth of the snake skin bag, and adding the sealed snake skin bag into municipal sludge with the water content adjusted;
the preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent comprises the following steps: dissolving polyacrylonitrile and polybutyl acrylate with the mass ratio of 2:1 into a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide with the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a shell spinning solution with the concentration of 10 wt%; adopting high-voltage electrostatic spinning equipment, inputting a shell spinning solution into the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle, and simultaneously inputting high-purity nitrogen into the inner layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle; setting high-voltage electrostatic spraying conditions, and spraying the shell solution onto a tin foil receiving device in a high-voltage electrostatic manner to obtain a hollow polymer fiber membrane; cutting 1kg of hollow polymer fiber membrane into strip-shaped membranes with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 10mm, adding the strip-shaped membranes into a supercritical carbon dioxide reaction kettle, filling carbon dioxide to the pressure of 18MPa, and heating to 65 ℃; stirring and swelling the formed supercritical carbon dioxide for 60min, then decompressing at a speed of 0.5MPa/min, adding 0.2kg of attapulgite after decompressing, charging carbon dioxide again to a pressure of 18MPa, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 90min, and decompressing at a speed of 1MPa/min to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent; the high-voltage electrostatic spraying condition conditions are as follows: the environment temperature is 60 ℃, the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 18kV, the distance between the receiving device and the spinning nozzle of the stainless steel coaxial needle head is 10cm, and the flow rate of the shell spinning solution is 15mL/h; the flow rate of the high-purity nitrogen is 5mL/h; the inner diameter of the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle is 1.6mm, and the inner diameter of the inner layer is 0.6mm;
the preparation method of the acidic electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing sodium chloride solution serving as electrolyte to obtain acidic stock solution, and diluting the acidic stock solution by 12 times to obtain acidic electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the acidic stock solution is 1150mv; the pH value of the acidic stock solution is 1.5; the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.08kg/L, the flow rate of the sodium chloride solution into the electrolytic tank is 12L/min, the electrolytic current is 12A, and the voltage is 20V;
step two, adding alkaline electrolyzed water into the lower sludge obtained in the step one, adjusting the water content to 85%, then adding 10kg of conditioner, and stirring for 4 hours; the conditioner comprises the following raw materials: 10kg of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 5kg of calcium oxide, 8kg of fly ash, 2kg of polyaluminum sulfate and 2kg of phytic acid;
the preparation method of the alkaline electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing a potassium carbonate solution serving as an electrolyte to obtain an alkaline stock solution, and diluting the alkaline stock solution by 15 times to obtain alkaline electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the alkaline stock solution is-1150 mv; the pH value of the alkaline stock solution is 13.5; the mass concentration of the potassium carbonate solution is 20%, and the conductivity is 45000mS/m; the current of electrolysis is 12A;
step three, introducing the sludge stirred in the step two into a plate-and-frame filter press for dehydration treatment, so that the water content of the sludge is regulated to 45%;
step four, air-drying the sludge dehydrated in the step three until the water content is 15%, crushing, taking 10kg of crushed sludge, 1.5kg of rapeseed cakes, 1kg of sheep manure and 0.05kg of compound microbial agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation, turning the pile when the temperature of the aerobic fermentation reaches 65 ℃, repeating turning the pile every 2 days, turning the pile for 8 times in the whole fermentation period, and fermenting for 28 days; the aerobic fermentation adopts a Roots blower aeration device to forcibly blow air to the bottom of the fermentation tank for aeration;
the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is formed by mixing the following components in percentage by volume: 20% of lactobacillus, 15% of bacillus, 15% of saccharomycetes, 13% of aspergillus niger, 15% of actinomycetes, 10% of candida and 12% of streptococcus thermophilus;
step five, cooling the fermented material in the step four to normal temperature, and then delivering the material out of the tank to an aging zone for aging for 1 month; naturally airing the aged materials, then, processing the materials in a crusher, sieving the materials, then, feeding the materials in a dynamic proportioning bin, and packaging the materials after biaxial stirring; if the granules are produced, the granules are subjected to rotary drum granulation or disc granulation, then are dried, cooled and screened, and then are packaged, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
Detecting heavy metal content of the municipal sludge which is not treated in the first step (GB 4284-2018), wherein Cd is 85.5mg/kg, cr is 205mg/kg, pb is 96.4mg/kg, hg is 35.8mg/kg, as is 48.5mg/kg;
the organic fertilizer prepared in the example was subjected to heavy metal content detection (GB 4284-2018) in which Cd 2.1mg/kg, cr 20.6mg/kg, pb 15.8mg/kg, hg 0.8mg/kg, as 3.2mg/kg;
the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is subjected to nutrient content detection, wherein the content of nitrogen is 3.75%, the content of phosphorus is 1.87%, the content of potassium is 0.85%, the content of organic matters is 63.5%, the content of water is 16.3%, and the pH value is 6.8.
Example 2:
a method for preparing organic fertilizer by municipal sludge comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the water content of 50kg of municipal sludge with the water content of 80% to 160% by adopting acidic electrolyzed water, then adding 10kg of heavy metal adsorbent, stirring for 6 hours, standing for 8 hours, discharging the upper solution, and taking out the heavy metal adsorbent;
the heavy metal adsorbent is added in the following manner: loading the heavy metal adsorbent into a snake skin bag, sealing the mouth of the snake skin bag, and adding the sealed snake skin bag into municipal sludge with the water content adjusted;
the preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent comprises the following steps: dissolving polyacrylonitrile and polybutyl acrylate with the mass ratio of 2:1 into a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide with the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a shell spinning solution with the concentration of 8 wt%; adopting high-voltage electrostatic spinning equipment, inputting a shell spinning solution into the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle, and simultaneously inputting high-purity nitrogen into the inner layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle; setting high-voltage electrostatic spraying conditions, and spraying the shell solution onto a tin foil receiving device in a high-voltage electrostatic manner to obtain a hollow polymer fiber membrane; cutting 1kg of hollow polymer fiber membrane into strip-shaped membranes with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 10mm, adding the strip-shaped membranes into a supercritical carbon dioxide reaction kettle, filling carbon dioxide to the pressure of 20MPa, and heating to 65 ℃; stirring and swelling the formed supercritical carbon dioxide for 60min, then decompressing at a speed of 0.5MPa/min, adding 0.2kg of attapulgite after decompressing, charging carbon dioxide again to a pressure of 20MPa, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 90min, and decompressing at a speed of 1MPa/min to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent; the high-voltage electrostatic spraying condition conditions are as follows: the environment temperature is 60 ℃, the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 15kV, the distance between the receiving device and the spinning nozzle of the stainless steel coaxial needle head is 10cm, and the flow rate of the shell spinning solution is 20mL/h; the flow rate of the high-purity nitrogen is 5mL/h; the inner diameter of the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle is 1.6mm, and the inner diameter of the inner layer is 0.5mm;
the preparation method of the acidic electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing sodium chloride solution serving as electrolyte to obtain acidic stock solution, and diluting the acidic stock solution by 12 times to obtain acidic electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the acidic stock solution is 1150mv; the pH value of the acidic stock solution is 1.5; the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.08kg/L, the flow rate of the sodium chloride solution into the electrolytic tank is 12L/min, the electrolytic current is 12A, and the voltage is 20V;
step two, adding alkaline electrolyzed water into the lower sludge obtained in the step one, adjusting the water content to 85%, then adding 10kg of conditioner, and stirring for 4 hours; the conditioner comprises the following raw materials: 15kg of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 4kg of calcium oxide, 10kg of fly ash, 2kg of polyaluminum sulfate and 1kg of phytic acid;
the preparation method of the alkaline electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing a potassium carbonate solution serving as an electrolyte to obtain an alkaline stock solution, and diluting the alkaline stock solution by 15 times to obtain alkaline electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the alkaline stock solution is-1150 mv; the pH value of the alkaline stock solution is 13.5; the mass concentration of the potassium carbonate solution is 20%, and the conductivity is 45000mS/m; the current of electrolysis is 12A;
step three, introducing the sludge stirred in the step two into a plate-and-frame filter press for dehydration treatment, so that the water content of the sludge is regulated to 45%;
step four, air-drying the dehydrated sludge in the step three until the water content is 15%, crushing, taking 10kg of crushed rapeseed cakes, 1.5kg of sheep manure and 0.05kg of composite microbial agent, stirring and uniformly mixing, adding into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation, turning the pile when the temperature of the aerobic fermentation reaches 65 ℃, repeating turning the pile every 2 days, turning the pile for 8 times in the whole fermentation period, and fermenting for 28 days; the aerobic fermentation adopts a Roots blower aeration device to forcibly blow air to the bottom of the fermentation tank for aeration;
the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is formed by mixing the following components in percentage by volume: 20% of lactobacillus, 15% of bacillus, 15% of saccharomycetes, 13% of aspergillus niger, 15% of actinomycetes, 10% of candida and 12% of streptococcus thermophilus;
step five, cooling the fermented material in the step four to normal temperature, and then delivering the material out of the tank to an aging zone for aging for 1 month; naturally airing the aged materials, then, processing the materials in a crusher, sieving the materials, then, feeding the materials in a dynamic proportioning bin, and packaging the materials after biaxial stirring; if the granules are produced, the granules are subjected to rotary drum granulation or disc granulation, then are dried, cooled and screened, and then are packaged, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
Detecting heavy metal content of the municipal sludge which is not treated in the first step (GB 4284-2018), wherein Cd is 85.5mg/kg, cr is 205mg/kg, pb is 96.4mg/kg, hg is 35.8mg/kg, as is 48.5mg/kg;
the organic fertilizer prepared in the example was subjected to heavy metal content detection (GB 4284-2018) in which Cd 2.0mg/kg, cr 20.4mg/kg, pb 15.9mg/kg, hg 0.7mg/kg, as 3.0mg/kg;
the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is subjected to nutrient content detection, wherein the content of nitrogen is 3.78%, the content of phosphorus is 1.85%, the content of potassium is 0.87%, the content of organic matters is 63.8%, the content of water is 16.2%, and the pH value is 6.8.
Example 3:
a method for preparing organic fertilizer by municipal sludge comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the water content of 50kg of municipal sludge with the water content of 80% to 150% by adopting acidic electrolyzed water, then adding 5kg of heavy metal adsorbent, stirring for 8 hours, standing for 10 hours, discharging the upper solution, and taking out the heavy metal adsorbent;
the heavy metal adsorbent is added in the following manner: loading the heavy metal adsorbent into a snake skin bag, sealing the mouth of the snake skin bag, and adding the sealed snake skin bag into municipal sludge with the water content adjusted;
the preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent comprises the following steps: dissolving polyacrylonitrile and polybutyl acrylate with the mass ratio of 2:1 into a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide with the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a shell spinning solution with the concentration of 10 wt%; adopting high-voltage electrostatic spinning equipment, inputting a shell spinning solution into the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle, and simultaneously inputting high-purity nitrogen into the inner layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle; setting high-voltage electrostatic spraying conditions, and spraying the shell solution onto a tin foil receiving device in a high-voltage electrostatic manner to obtain a hollow polymer fiber membrane; cutting 1kg of hollow polymer fiber membrane into strip-shaped membranes with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 10mm, adding the strip-shaped membranes into a supercritical carbon dioxide reaction kettle, filling carbon dioxide to the pressure of 18MPa, and heating to 65 ℃; stirring and swelling the formed supercritical carbon dioxide for 60min, then decompressing at a speed of 0.5MPa/min, adding 0.2kg of activated attapulgite after decompressing, charging carbon dioxide again to a pressure of 18MPa, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 90min, and decompressing at a speed of 1MPa/min to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent; the high-voltage electrostatic spraying condition conditions are as follows: the environment temperature is 60 ℃, the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 18kV, the distance between the receiving device and the spinning nozzle of the stainless steel coaxial needle head is 10cm, and the flow rate of the shell spinning solution is 15mL/h; the flow rate of the high-purity nitrogen is 5mL/h; the inner diameter of the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle is 1.6mm, and the inner diameter of the inner layer is 0.6mm;
the preparation method of the activated attapulgite comprises the following steps: activating attapulgite at high temperature; adding 1kg of high-temperature activated attapulgite into 8kg of water, pressurizing and carrying out ultrasonic treatment, then adding 0.1kg of amino acid, heating to 85 ℃, stirring and reacting for 3 hours, then filtering, drying and grinding to obtain activated attapulgite; the temperature rising process of the high-temperature activation is as follows: heating to 120 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature; the pressurized ultrasonic pressure is 3MPa, and the frequency is 75KHz; the amino acid is a complex amino acid;
the preparation method of the acidic electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing sodium chloride solution serving as electrolyte to obtain acidic stock solution, and diluting the acidic stock solution by 12 times to obtain acidic electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the acidic stock solution is 1150mv; the pH value of the acidic stock solution is 1.5; the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.08kg/L, the flow rate of the sodium chloride solution into the electrolytic tank is 12L/min, the electrolytic current is 12A, and the voltage is 20V;
step two, adding alkaline electrolyzed water into the lower sludge obtained in the step one, adjusting the water content to 85%, then adding 10kg of conditioner, and stirring for 4 hours; the conditioner comprises the following raw materials: 10kg of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 5kg of calcium oxide, 8kg of fly ash, 2kg of polyaluminum sulfate and 2kg of phytic acid;
the preparation method of the alkaline electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing a potassium carbonate solution serving as an electrolyte to obtain an alkaline stock solution, and diluting the alkaline stock solution by 15 times to obtain alkaline electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the alkaline stock solution is-1150 mv; the pH value of the alkaline stock solution is 13.5; the mass concentration of the potassium carbonate solution is 20%, and the conductivity is 45000mS/m; the current of electrolysis is 12A;
step three, introducing the sludge stirred in the step two into a plate-and-frame filter press for dehydration treatment, so that the water content of the sludge is regulated to 45%;
step four, air-drying the sludge dehydrated in the step three until the water content is 15%, crushing, taking 10kg of crushed sludge, 1.5kg of rapeseed cakes, 1kg of sheep manure and 0.05kg of compound microbial agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation, turning the pile when the temperature of the aerobic fermentation reaches 65 ℃, repeating turning the pile every 2 days, turning the pile for 8 times in the whole fermentation period, and fermenting for 28 days; the aerobic fermentation adopts a Roots blower aeration device to forcibly blow air to the bottom of the fermentation tank for aeration;
the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is formed by mixing the following components in percentage by volume: 20% of lactobacillus, 15% of bacillus, 15% of saccharomycetes, 13% of aspergillus niger, 15% of actinomycetes, 10% of candida and 12% of streptococcus thermophilus;
step five, cooling the fermented material in the step four to normal temperature, and then delivering the material out of the tank to an aging zone for aging for 1 month; naturally airing the aged materials, then, processing the materials in a crusher, sieving the materials, then, feeding the materials in a dynamic proportioning bin, and packaging the materials after biaxial stirring; if the granules are produced, the granules are subjected to rotary drum granulation or disc granulation, then are dried, cooled and screened, and then are packaged, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
Detecting heavy metal content of the municipal sludge which is not treated in the first step (GB 4284-2018), wherein Cd is 85.5mg/kg, cr is 205mg/kg, pb is 96.4mg/kg, hg is 35.8mg/kg, as is 48.5mg/kg;
the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is subjected to heavy metal content detection, wherein Cd is 0.8mg/kg, cr is 10.5mg/kg, pb is 8.6mg/kg, hg is 0.2mg/kg and As is 0.8mg/kg;
the organic fertilizer prepared in this example was subjected to nutrient content detection, wherein nitrogen content was 3.85%, phosphorus content was 1.87%, potassium content was 0.88%, organic matter content was 66.7%, moisture content was 15.3%, and pH7.25.
Example 4:
a method for preparing organic fertilizer by municipal sludge comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the water content of 50kg of municipal sludge with the water content of 80% to 160% by adopting acidic electrolyzed water, then adding 10kg of heavy metal adsorbent, stirring for 6 hours, standing for 8 hours, discharging the upper solution, and taking out the heavy metal adsorbent;
the heavy metal adsorbent is added in the following manner: loading the heavy metal adsorbent into a snake skin bag, sealing the mouth of the snake skin bag, and adding the sealed snake skin bag into municipal sludge with the water content adjusted;
the preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent comprises the following steps: dissolving polyacrylonitrile and polybutyl acrylate with the mass ratio of 2:1 into a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide with the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a shell spinning solution with the concentration of 8 wt%; adopting high-voltage electrostatic spinning equipment, inputting a shell spinning solution into the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle, and simultaneously inputting high-purity nitrogen into the inner layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle; setting high-voltage electrostatic spraying conditions, and spraying the shell solution onto a tin foil receiving device in a high-voltage electrostatic manner to obtain a hollow polymer fiber membrane; cutting 1kg of hollow polymer fiber membrane into strip-shaped membranes with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 10mm, adding the strip-shaped membranes into a supercritical carbon dioxide reaction kettle, filling carbon dioxide to the pressure of 20MPa, and heating to 65 ℃; stirring and swelling the formed supercritical carbon dioxide for 60min, then decompressing at a speed of 0.5MPa/min, adding 0.2kg of activated attapulgite after decompressing, charging carbon dioxide again to a pressure of 20MPa, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 90min, and decompressing at a speed of 1MPa/min to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent; the high-voltage electrostatic spraying condition conditions are as follows: the environment temperature is 60 ℃, the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 15kV, the distance between the receiving device and the spinning nozzle of the stainless steel coaxial needle head is 10cm, and the flow rate of the shell spinning solution is 20mL/h; the flow rate of the high-purity nitrogen is 5mL/h; the inner diameter of the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle is 1.6mm, and the inner diameter of the inner layer is 0.5mm;
the preparation method of the activated attapulgite comprises the following steps: activating attapulgite at high temperature; adding 1kg of high-temperature activated attapulgite into 8kg of water, pressurizing and carrying out ultrasonic treatment, then adding 0.1kg of amino acid, heating to 85 ℃, stirring and reacting for 3 hours, then filtering, drying and grinding to obtain activated attapulgite; the temperature rising process of the high-temperature activation is as follows: heating to 120 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature; the pressurized ultrasonic pressure is 3MPa, and the frequency is 75KHz; the amino acid is valine;
the preparation method of the acidic electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing sodium chloride solution serving as electrolyte to obtain acidic stock solution, and diluting the acidic stock solution by 12 times to obtain acidic electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the acidic stock solution is 1150mv; the pH value of the acidic stock solution is 1.5; the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.08kg/L, the flow rate of the sodium chloride solution into the electrolytic tank is 12L/min, the electrolytic current is 12A, and the voltage is 20V;
step two, adding alkaline electrolyzed water into the lower sludge obtained in the step one, adjusting the water content to 85%, then adding 10kg of conditioner, and stirring for 4 hours; the conditioner comprises the following raw materials: 15kg of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 4kg of calcium oxide, 10kg of fly ash, 2kg of polyaluminum sulfate and 1kg of phytic acid;
the preparation method of the alkaline electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing a potassium carbonate solution serving as an electrolyte to obtain an alkaline stock solution, and diluting the alkaline stock solution by 15 times to obtain alkaline electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the alkaline stock solution is-1150 mv; the pH value of the alkaline stock solution is 13.5; the mass concentration of the potassium carbonate solution is 20%, and the conductivity is 45000mS/m; the current of electrolysis is 12A;
step three, introducing the sludge stirred in the step two into a plate-and-frame filter press for dehydration treatment, so that the water content of the sludge is regulated to 45%;
step four, air-drying the dehydrated sludge in the step three until the water content is 15%, crushing, taking 10kg of crushed rapeseed cakes, 1.5kg of sheep manure and 0.05kg of composite microbial agent, stirring and uniformly mixing, adding into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation, turning the pile when the temperature of the aerobic fermentation reaches 65 ℃, repeating turning the pile every 2 days, turning the pile for 8 times in the whole fermentation period, and fermenting for 28 days; the aerobic fermentation adopts a Roots blower aeration device to forcibly blow air to the bottom of the fermentation tank for aeration;
the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is formed by mixing the following components in percentage by volume: 20% of lactobacillus, 15% of bacillus, 15% of saccharomycetes, 13% of aspergillus niger, 15% of actinomycetes, 10% of candida and 12% of streptococcus thermophilus;
step five, cooling the fermented material in the step four to normal temperature, and then delivering the material out of the tank to an aging zone for aging for 1 month; naturally airing the aged materials, then, processing the materials in a crusher, sieving the materials, then, feeding the materials in a dynamic proportioning bin, and packaging the materials after biaxial stirring; if the granules are produced, the granules are subjected to rotary drum granulation or disc granulation, then are dried, cooled and screened, and then are packaged, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
Detecting heavy metal content of the municipal sludge which is not treated in the first step (GB 4284-2018), wherein Cd is 85.5mg/kg, cr is 205mg/kg, pb is 96.4mg/kg, hg is 35.8mg/kg, as is 48.5mg/kg;
the organic fertilizer prepared in the example was subjected to heavy metal content detection (GB 4284-2018) in which Cd 0.7mg/kg, cr 10.3mg/kg, pb 8.7mg/kg, hg 0.2mg/kg, as 0.6mg/kg;
the organic fertilizer prepared in this example was subjected to nutrient content detection, wherein nitrogen content was 3.86%, phosphorus content was 1.86%, potassium content was 0.88%, organic matter content was 66.9%, moisture content was 15.4%, and pH7.25.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention is suited, and further modifications may be readily made by one skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not to be limited to the particular details and examples shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by adopting the municipal sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, adjusting the water content of municipal sludge to 140-160% by adopting acidic electrolyzed water, adding a heavy metal adsorbent, stirring for 5-8 hours, standing for 8-10 hours, discharging the upper solution, and taking out the heavy metal adsorbent;
step two, adding alkaline electrolyzed water into the lower sludge obtained in the step one, adjusting the water content to 80-100%, then adding a conditioner, and stirring for 3-5 hours; the conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 2-5 parts of calcium oxide, 8-12 parts of fly ash, 1-3 parts of polyaluminium sulfate and 1-3 parts of phytic acid; the weight ratio of the conditioner to the municipal sludge is 1:3-10;
step three, introducing the sludge stirred in the step two into a plate-and-frame filter press for dehydration treatment, so that the water content of the sludge is regulated to 40-50%;
step four, air-drying the dehydrated sludge in the step three until the water content is 10-15%, crushing, taking 80-100 parts of crushed sludge, 10-15 parts of rapeseed cakes, 10-20 parts of sheep manure and 0.5-0.8 part of compound microbial agent according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation, turning the pile when the temperature of the aerobic fermentation reaches 60-70 ℃, repeating turning once every 2 days, turning the pile for 8 times in total in the whole fermentation period, and fermenting for 28 days; the aerobic fermentation adopts a Roots blower aeration device to forcibly blow air to the bottom of the fermentation tank for aeration; the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is formed by mixing the following components in percentage by volume: 22-30% of lactic acid bacteria, 15-18% of bacillus, 10-25% of saccharomycetes, 12-16% of aspergillus niger, 15-25% of actinomycetes, 10-15% of candida and 12-15% of streptococcus thermophilus;
step five, cooling the fermented material in the step four to normal temperature, and then delivering the material out of the tank to an aging area for aging for 1-2 months; naturally airing the aged materials, then, processing the materials in a crusher, sieving the materials, then, feeding the materials in a dynamic proportioning bin, and packaging the materials after biaxial stirring; if the granules are produced, the granules enter a rotary drum for granulation or a disc for granulation, and are dried, cooled, screened and packaged;
the preparation method of the heavy metal adsorbent comprises the following steps: dissolving polyacrylonitrile and polybutyl acrylate with the mass ratio of 2:1 into a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide with the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a shell spinning solution with the concentration of 8-12wt%; adopting high-voltage electrostatic spinning equipment, inputting a shell spinning solution into the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle, and simultaneously inputting high-purity nitrogen into the inner layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle; setting high-voltage electrostatic spraying conditions, and spraying the shell solution onto a tin foil receiving device in a high-voltage electrostatic manner to obtain a hollow polymer fiber membrane; cutting the hollow polymer fiber membrane into strip-shaped membranes with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 10mm, then adding the strip-shaped membranes into a supercritical carbon dioxide reaction kettle, charging carbon dioxide to the pressure of 18-28 MPa, and heating to 60-65 ℃; stirring and swelling the formed supercritical carbon dioxide for 60min, then decompressing at a speed of 0.5MPa/min, adding activated attapulgite after decompressing, charging carbon dioxide again until the pressure is 18-28 MPa, heating to 80-85 ℃, stirring for 90min, and decompressing at a speed of 1MPa/min to obtain the heavy metal adsorbent;
the high-voltage electrostatic spraying condition conditions are as follows: the environment temperature is 45-65 ℃, the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply is 15-20 kV, the distance between the receiving device and the stainless steel coaxial needle head spinning nozzle is 5-12 cm, and the flow rate of the shell spinning solution is 15-20 mL/h; the flow rate of the high-purity nitrogen is 4-6 mL/h; the inner diameter of the outer layer of the stainless steel coaxial needle is 1.2-1.6 mm, and the inner diameter of the inner layer is 0.5-0.6 mm;
the preparation method of the activated attapulgite comprises the following steps: activating attapulgite at high temperature; adding 10-20 parts of high-temperature activated attapulgite into 80-100 parts of water according to parts by weight, pressurizing and carrying out ultrasonic treatment, then adding 1-2 parts of amino acid, heating to 65-85 ℃, stirring and reacting for 3-5 hours, then filtering, drying and grinding to obtain activated attapulgite; the mass ratio of the activated attapulgite to the hollow polymer fiber membrane is 1:5-10;
the temperature rising process of the high-temperature activation is as follows: heating to 100-120 ℃ at a speed of 0.5-1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60 min, heating to 300-350 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature; the pressurized ultrasonic pressure is 2.5-4.5 MPa, and the frequency is 65-75 KHz; the amino acid is any one of histidine, amino acid, valine, threonine, isoleucine and arginine.
2. The method for preparing organic fertilizer from municipal sludge according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the acidic electrolyzed water comprises the following steps: electrolyzing a sodium chloride solution serving as an electrolyte to obtain an acidic stock solution, and diluting the acidic stock solution by 12-18 times to obtain acidic electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the acidic stock solution is 850-1250 mv; the pH value of the acidic stock solution is 1.3-2.5; the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.08-0.18 kg/L, the flow rate of the sodium chloride solution into the electrolytic tank is 8-12L/min, the electrolytic current is 8-12A, and the voltage is 12-20V.
3. The method for preparing organic fertilizer from municipal sludge according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline electrolyzed water is prepared by the following steps: electrolyzing a potassium carbonate solution serving as an electrolyte to obtain an alkaline stock solution, and diluting the alkaline stock solution by 15-18 times to obtain alkaline electrolyzed water; the oxidation-reduction potential ORP of the alkaline stock solution is-850 mv to-1250 mv; the pH value of the alkaline stock solution is 12.5-13.7; the mass concentration of the potassium carbonate solution is 18-28%, and the conductivity is 20000-56000 mS/m; the electrolysis current is 10-15A.
4. The method for preparing organic fertilizer from municipal sludge according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the heavy metal adsorbent is added in the following manner: loading the heavy metal adsorbent into a snake skin bag, sealing the mouth of the snake skin bag, and adding the sealed snake skin bag into municipal sludge with the water content adjusted; the weight ratio of the heavy metal adsorbent to the municipal sludge is 1:5-20.
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