CN101712579B - Method for preparing flower organic slow-release fertilizer by utilizing municipal sludge - Google Patents
Method for preparing flower organic slow-release fertilizer by utilizing municipal sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN101712579B CN101712579B CN200910192345A CN200910192345A CN101712579B CN 101712579 B CN101712579 B CN 101712579B CN 200910192345 A CN200910192345 A CN 200910192345A CN 200910192345 A CN200910192345 A CN 200910192345A CN 101712579 B CN101712579 B CN 101712579B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a flower organic slow-release fertilizer by utilizing municipal sludge, comprising the following steps of: airing and dewatering raw sludge, crushing, adding microbes and dilatants, stack retting and fermenting, baking, crushing, sieving, adding inorganic fertilizers, pelleting, baking for the second time, cooling, sieving and metering packaging. The method for preparing the flower organic slow-release fertilizer by utilizing the municipal sludge has simple production process and low production cost and comprehensively utilizes municipal sewage to treat generated sludge, i.e. turns harm into good and changes waste into valuable, thereby realizing sludge reduction, harmlessness and reclamation. The invention provides an effective technical method and way.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of making method of flower organic slow-release fertilizer, particularly relate to a kind of method of utilizing municipal sludge to make flower organic slow-release fertilizer.
Background technology
The fertilising of flowers is an a great problem, not only will satisfy outside the demand of the most basic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements the trace element of the multiple guarantee plant normal growth of also need arranging in pairs or groups.Existing flower organic slow-release fertilizer adopts feces of livestock and poultry, soya-bean cake, numb cake etc. as raw materials for making mostly, and the technology of making is very complicated, the corresponding production cost that also increased, and the compost fermentation cycle is long, and it is not thorough to become thoroughly decomposed; And generally also adopt coated fertilizer, and after the parcel, the inorganic nutrients of fertilizer takes effect slower than general inorganic slow-release fertilizer, and the decomposition of organic nutrient discharges and receives bigger obstruction, the results showed that adding coating has the suspicion of drawing a snake and add feet to it, the also meaningless cost that increased.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency that overcomes prior art, and a kind of method of utilizing municipal sludge to make flower organic slow-release fertilizer is provided.This method technology is simple, and production cost is low, and the domestic sludge that its comprehensive utilization municipal sewage treatment produces is turned waste into wealth as raw material, and tangible economical efficiency and ecological efficiency are arranged.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is: a kind of method of utilizing municipal sludge to make flower organic slow-release fertilizer provided by the invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) the municipal sludge airing is become block mud,, process the mud granule of particle diameter≤10mm with crossing screen cloth after kibbler or the crusher in crushing;
(2) press sludge volume, the turfy soil of interpolation 22%～25% and 5%～8% bagasse, stirring and evenly mixing, subsequent use;
(3) in above-mentioned mud raw material, add the EM microorganism species, make EM microorganism species and the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of mud raw material, pile fermentation 5～8 days;
(4) open wide the mud raw material that ferments, reduce its water cut, use dryer then, further reduce below the water cut to 13% 500 ℃～600 ℃ oven dry of mud raw material warp through preliminary airing;
(5) the mud raw material of drying being crossed is crossed 40 mesh sieves after kibbler is pulverized, further reject impurity; Add inorganic raw material then therein, and with the two through the stirrer thorough mixing, wherein; By weight percentage, the inorganic raw material kind and the quantity of being added are respectively: urea 1.5%～5%, ammonium phosphate 1.5%～3%; Repone K 1%～2%, potassium primary phosphate 1%～2%, superphosphate of lime 0.5%～2%;
(6) with the above-mentioned organic slow-release fertilizer raw material that is mixed, be transported to the granulating disc granulation, the granulated drum-type secondary drying machine that is delivered directly to is dried to water cut below 10%;
(7) after the cooling of the organic slow-release fertilizer particle behind the secondary drying,, measure again, pack through the suitably screen cloth screening in aperture.
The addition means of EM microorganism species does in said step (3), and powdered EM microorganism species is formulated as 1000 times microbial inoculum, adds in the ratio of 250ml microbial inoculum in every cubic metre of mud raw material.
Said EM microorganism species is the high-effective microorganism composite bacteria that is mixed by bifidocaterium, milk-acid bacteria, aerobic genus bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, yeast, actinomycetes and acetic bacteria single culture.
Dryer material inlet temperature is 500 ℃～600 ℃ in said step (4), 60 ℃～100 ℃ of temperature outs.
Secondary drying opening for feed temperature is 400 ℃～500 ℃ in said step (6), and the discharge port temperature is 50 ℃～75 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) municipal sludge itself contains than multiple trace element, is enough to ensure the normal growth of plant, need not artificially to add again; Mud converted products after adding the inorganic raw material nutrition deployment has changed physicalies such as its original quality structure, also contains the necessary element of sufficient plant-growth, and odorless, tasteless, is convenient to packed and transported and use, has possessed the performance of plant organic fertilizer.
(2) the mud fertilizer that need not to wrap up among the present invention itself has the slowly-releasing effect, need not to add dressing, provides cost savings.
(3) flower organic slow-release fertilizer of the present invention's making has added organic raw material and inorganic raw material in production technique, has both organic long-acting and inorganic quick-acting two kinds of advantages.
(4) the present invention fully utilizes the domestic sludge that municipal sewage treatment produces, and turns harm into good, turns waste into wealth, and realizes that sludge reduction, innoxious and resource utilization provide effective technical and approach.
Embodiment
Embodiment passes through the direct pile fermentation of mud, adds milk-acid bacteria, yeast and EM microorganism species; Pile fermentation is 7 days under 25 ℃～30 ℃ natural condition, several kinds of mode simultaneous tests, find the time-consuming length of direct pile fermentation, degenerate and the effect of going to distinguish the flavor of relatively poor; The ferment effect that adds milk-acid bacteria, yeast single culture makes moderate progress; Do not degenerate organism and emit bad smell but still retain part, have only the test sample that adds the EM microorganism species to be able to fully fermenting, do not deposit peculiar smell.Therefore the EM microorganism species is a first-selected bacterial classification of handling the domestic sludge fermentation.
The EM microorganism species is the high-effective microorganism composite bacteria that is mixed by single cultures such as bifidocaterium, milk-acid bacteria, aerobic genus bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, yeast, actinomycetes, acetic bacterias; Can effectively decompose organic pollutant and human and animal excreta in the domestic sludge; The growth that it suppresses putrefactive bacterium on the one hand improves organic decomposition approach, reduces ammonia and the burst size of hydrogen sulfide and the generation of amine substance; Photosynthetic bacterium hydrogen sulfide capable of using is as the digestion object of self simultaneously; Eliminate stench, in addition, but the high temperature part kill harmful biology and the parasitic ovum that produce in the fermenting process.
In addition,, improve the structure and the quality of mud,, carried out interpolation cutted straw, bagasse and turfy soil test also by 1: 0.3 volume ratio for increasing the mud permeability.The result shows that the fermentation expansion character of adding bagasse and turfy soil is better, can substantially improve the quality structure of mud.But bagasse is the lignifying robust fibre of slaking not fully, and sugar degree is higher, has increased ferment strength, and turfy soil is the natural plant fibre of half detritusization, itself is exactly to be ready not contain nutrient by culture substrate, becomes the first-selection of mud fertilizer expansion additive.
Through concrete operating procedure the present invention is described further below:
One, starting material are prepared
1, starting material
(1) mud
Making the mud of mud fertilizer, must be to handle the mud that city domestic sewage produced.Factories and miness or industrial enterprise are not useable for making the mud fertilizer than the multizone sludge produced by sewage treatment.
Through detecting, the mud that dispatches from the factory contains following composition:
It is thus clear that this mud sample contains organic nutrients such as higher nitrogen, phosphorus, but also has certain gap from the fertilizer nutrient content standard (N/P/K >=20%) of national regulation.The good news is that all in safety range, its national standard upper content limit is respectively 0.015,0.0010,0.0005,0.0050,0.0500 for common contaminative heavy metal content in the mud such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium.The domestic sludge that this project of explanation is selected for use possesses the basis that makes flowers organic manure.
(2) organic additive
Select the common flower culture matrix that does not contain nutrient for use---turfy soil and sugaring waste material bagasse, as the foaming additive of making the mud fertilizer.
(3) inorganic raw material additive
Select for use net content to reach the industrial chemicals more than 99%, as the inorganic nutrients additive of making the mud fertilizer.
(4) microbial starter culture
The EM microbial composite bacteria crowd who selects for use professional mikrobe manufacturer to produce is as the organism of fermentation microbial inoculum additive of making the mud fertilizer.
2, equipment
According to industrial scale, the production unit of configuration different model mainly contains dryer, kibbler, stirrer, granulating disc, cylinder dryer, cooling sieve apparatus, transfer equipment etc.
Two, mud raw materials pretreatment
The domestic sludge that city domestic sewage treatment plant produces, the chemical deodorizing agent can be suitably added in the stacking in the airing field, airing 10～15 days.Preliminary reduce stink, and water cut is reduced to below 40% from about 75%, be beneficial to subsequent operations.
Three, fermentation
1, prepares before the fermentation
(1) broken material
Block mud after the airing with kibbler or crusher in crushing, is crossed screen cloth, processes the only mud granule of 10mm of particle diameter, and is subsequent use.
Turfy soil, bagasse are crushed to the only disintegrating slag of 5mm of staple length through kibbler, and is subsequent use.
(2) add organic materials
Press sludge volume, add 22%～25% turfy soil, 5%～8% organic coarse fibers such as bagasse, stirring, mixing, subsequent use.
(3) add the microbial fermentation bacterial classification
The powdery EM mud bacterial classification (every gram bacterium powder contains useful total count >=10,000,000,000 units) that becomes thoroughly decomposed is formulated as 1000 times of microbial inoculums, and the ratio in every cubic metre of mud raw material 250ml bacterium liquid makes bacterial classification and the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of mud raw material, and is subsequent use.
2, pile fermentation
Above-mentioned mud stockpile is processed wide 1.5 meters, high about 1 meter, the scalariform bar stack of indefinite length, and the plastics film sealing stack retting 5-8 days, makes it abundant fermentation.Through after this operation, below will taking place, mud changes, and the one, it is biological to kill impurity such as part pathogenic bacteria, parasitic ovum and grass-seed; The 2nd, the part larger molecular organics small molecule segment that is decomposed is beneficial to the plant absorbing utilization; The 3rd, the quality of mud is loose, viscosity reduces, the volume foaming, solve hardness big, be unfavorable for decomposing and problems such as plant absorbing; The 4th, through after this operation, sludge water content generally will drop to about 30%, be beneficial to the subsequent operations construction.
Four, composting
1, pre-treatment
(1) drying
Open wide the mud raw material that ferments,, further reduce below the water cut to 25% through preliminary airing.
Use dryer with mud raw material hyperthermia drying, reduce below the water cut to 13%.500 ℃～600 ℃ of dryer material inlet temperature, 60 ℃～100 ℃ of temperature outs.
(2) pulverize
The dry mud raw material of crossing is pulverized through kibbler, crosses 40 mesh sieves, further rejects impurity, and is subsequent use.
Plan is added the Inorganic Chemicals (industrial raw material, purity >=99%) of mud raw material to, and also pulverize separately is crossed 100 mesh sieves, and is subsequent use.
2, add inorganic raw material
In the mud raw material that crushes, by weight percentage, add the inorganic nutrients raw material of getting ready respectively.The inorganic raw material kind and the quantity of being added are respectively:
Urea 1.5%～5%
Monoammonium phosphate 1.5%～3%
Repone K 1%～2%
Potassium primary phosphate 1%～2%
Superphosphate of lime 0.5%～2%.
The kind of inorganic raw material and quantity can be according to nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium contents of primary sludge, and make the different purposes (plantation flowers, foliage plants, lawn, greening seedling etc.) when batch fertilizer, and suitably increase and decrease.
Mud raw material and inorganic raw material are through the stirrer thorough mixing, and be subsequent use.
3, granulation
The above-mentioned fertilizer raw material that is mixed is transported to the granulating disc granulation.
4, secondary drying
The granulated drum-type secondary drying machine that is delivered directly to is dried to moisture below 10%.Bake out temperature is 400 ℃～500 ℃ of opening for feeds, 50 ℃～75 ℃ of discharge ports.
On this part of production, should consider mud is changed into reason, the change requirement of fertilizer, kill harmful is biological, also will protect the inorganic nutrients that is added unaffected.Therefore, the technology top fermentation promptly gets into drying course later on, adds inorganic nutrients then, last granulation formation.
Through detecting, allotment, oven dry, the later mud fertilizer nutritive ingredient of granulation are:
Mud converted products through the nutrition allotment has changed physicalies such as its original quality structure, also contains the necessary element of sufficient plant-growth, and odorless, tasteless, is convenient to packed and transported and use, has possessed the performance of plant organic fertilizer.
Five, screening, packing
1, screening
After the organic fertilizer particles cooling of secondary drying, through the suitably screen cloth screening in aperture.Reclaim incomplete tiny fertile grain of granulation and dust granulation again, qualified fertile grain gets into the metering packing program.
Can be according to fertilizer or other requirements, suitably adjustment or apolegamy difference are netted the screen clothes in footpath.
2, metering, packing
According to the market requirement and production purposes, by the metering of Different Weight specification, plastics bag packs respectively with fertilizer grain, and the multi-sealed packing of mode that can also big packed pouch prevents the fertile grain moisture absorption.
Municipal sludge itself is the higher earth of organic content, fibre blend, has slow decomposition after using, and progressively discharges the characteristics of nutrient.Through utilizing organic polymer mixture parcel tests such as sodium-alginate to show that after the parcel, it is slower that the inorganic nutrients of fertilizer takes effect than general inorganic slow-release fertilizer, the decomposition of organic nutrient discharges and receives bigger obstruction.Explain that the mud fertilizer that need not to wrap up itself has the slowly-releasing effect, adding dressing has the suspicion of drawing a snake and add feet to it, the also meaningless cost that increased.Therefore, according to test-results, the slowly-releasing of mud fertilizer parcel link and prior art are adjusted to some extent, and oven dry, granulation, cooling can be packed use later on.
What time what should be noted that in the above technology is:
1, strict control mud bake out temperature.Temperature is too high, and organic loss is bigger, also because of long reduction production efficiency cooling time.
2, strict control charging capacity.Work capacity control charging capacity according to drying plant too much reduces drying effect, and very few oven dry excessively reduces quality product.
3, suitably control amount of water in batch mixing churning time and the whipping process.Stirring generally speaking was enough to make mixing of materials even in 6 minutes, and material also can absorb certain moisture simultaneously, is beneficial to granulation.The moisture of adding about 15% in the whipping process can reduce the dust in stirring and the granulation process, improves Working environment, smooth production technique.
4, amount of water and the flow process time in the strict control granulation process.Add water excess and be prone to produce large ball games, and increase the oven dry load, reduce output; Amount of water is very few, and balling ratio reduces, and substandard products increase.The control residence time of material in tablets press and dryer, prevent that urea from dissolving formation large ball games or stick in machine.
5, strict control secondary drying temperature.Temperature drying efficiency on the low side is low, and moisture content of finished products exceeds standard; Temperature drift influences final product quality, and (mainly being urea) and the energy waste raw material.
6, control returning charge ratio.Returning charge is advisable to be no more than 25%.Returning charge is than excessive, and production efficiency is low, influences technology, reduces yield rate.
7, pay attention to airing and fermentation.Mud has reduced moisture and stickiness through airing and fermentation, has increased granulation speed and has reduced the oven dry tooling cost.The macromolecular substance in the mud of having degraded has simultaneously strengthened fertilizer efficiency.
In a word, the technological process of production of mud fertilizer is roughly following:
Primary sludge → airing dehydration → pulverizing → interpolation mikrobe and dilator → pile fermentation → dry → pulverize → sieve → add mineral manure → granulation → secondary drying → cooling → screening → metering packing.
Claims (5)
1. a method of utilizing municipal sludge to make flower organic slow-release fertilizer is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the municipal sludge airing is become block mud,, process the mud granule of particle diameter≤10mm with crossing screen cloth after kibbler or the crusher in crushing;
(2) press sludge volume, the turfy soil of interpolation 22%～25% and 5%～8% bagasse, stirring and evenly mixing, subsequent use;
(3) in above-mentioned mud raw material, add the EM microorganism species, make EM microorganism species and the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of mud raw material, pile fermentation 5～8 days;
(4) open wide the mud raw material that ferments, reduce its water cut, use dryer then, further reduce below the water cut to 13% 500 ℃～600 ℃ oven dry of mud raw material warp through preliminary airing;
(5) the mud raw material of drying being crossed through kibbler grinding and sieving net, is further rejected impurity; Add inorganic raw material then therein, and with the two through the stirrer thorough mixing, wherein; By weight percentage, the inorganic raw material kind and the quantity of being added are respectively: urea 1.5%～5%, ammonium phosphate 1.5%～3%; Repone K 1%～2%, potassium primary phosphate 1%～2%, superphosphate of lime 0.5%～2%;
(6) with the above-mentioned organic slow-release fertilizer raw material that is mixed, be transported to the granulating disc granulation, the granulated drum-type secondary drying machine that is delivered directly to is dried to water cut below 10%;
(7) after the cooling of the organic slow-release fertilizer particle behind the secondary drying,, measure again, pack through the suitably screen cloth screening in aperture.
2. the method for utilizing municipal sludge to make flower organic slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The addition means of EM microorganism species does in said step (3); Powdered EM microorganism species is formulated as 1000 times microbial inoculum, adds in the ratio of 250ml microbial inoculum in every cubic metre of mud raw material.
3. the method for utilizing municipal sludge to make flower organic slow-release fertilizer according to claim 2; It is characterized in that said EM microorganism species is the high-effective microorganism composite bacteria that is mixed by bifidocaterium, milk-acid bacteria, aerobic genus bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, yeast, actinomycetes and acetic bacteria single culture.
4. according to each described method of utilizing the flower organic slow-release fertilizer of municipal sludge making of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that dryer material inlet temperature is 500 ℃～600 ℃ in said step (4), 60 ℃～100 ℃ of temperature outs.
5. according to each described method of utilizing the flower organic slow-release fertilizer of municipal sludge making of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that secondary drying opening for feed temperature is 400 ℃～500 ℃ in said step (6), the discharge port temperature is 50 ℃～75 ℃.
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| CN200910192345A CN101712579B (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2009-09-15 | Method for preparing flower organic slow-release fertilizer by utilizing municipal sludge |
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| CN200910192345A CN101712579B (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2009-09-15 | Method for preparing flower organic slow-release fertilizer by utilizing municipal sludge |
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| CN101712579B true CN101712579B (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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| CN102153398B (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2013-10-30 | 温奕区 | Eucalyptus controlled-release fertilizer produced by modifying active sludge |
| CN102093098A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2011-06-15 | 中山市祥源环保工程有限公司 | Method for preparing fertilizer by using domestic sludge |
| CN102320873B (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-07-31 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method for preparing composite slow-release fertilizer by common utilization of biomass and sludge |
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