CN112917000A - Friction stir welding system and method based on phase change temperature control - Google Patents
Friction stir welding system and method based on phase change temperature control Download PDFInfo
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- CN112917000A CN112917000A CN202110355110.XA CN202110355110A CN112917000A CN 112917000 A CN112917000 A CN 112917000A CN 202110355110 A CN202110355110 A CN 202110355110A CN 112917000 A CN112917000 A CN 112917000A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
- B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention provides a friction stir welding system and method based on phase change temperature control, wherein the system comprises a friction stir subsystem, a front-mounted arc subsystem, a temperature monitoring unit and a control center; the stirring friction subsystem is used for stirring and rubbing the heated material in the stirring area; the preposed electric arc subsystem is used for providing a heat source for heating the material in the stirring area and regulating the temperature of the material in the stirring area in a feedback way by matching with the temperature monitoring unit and the control center; the temperature monitoring unit is used for monitoring the temperature of the material in the stirring area in real time and feeding back the temperature to the control center. In the welding process, the temperature monitoring unit monitors the temperature of the material in the stirring area and feeds the temperature back to the control center, the control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameter of the front arc subsystem according to the temperature fed back in real time, and the temperature of the material in the stirring area is controlled to approach the temperature threshold value, so that the friction stir welding work of the friction stir subsystem is completed at the controlled temperature. By adopting the invention to weld, the quality of a welding head can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to friction stir welding, in particular to a friction stir welding system and a friction stir welding method, and belongs to the field of welding.
Background
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a purely mechanical solid phase joining technique in which a pin is inserted into a joint of a workpiece to be welded by rotating a pin at a high speed, the pin being composed of a shoulder and a pin, and the pin is moved while rotating in the direction of the joint after the shoulder of the pin is brought into close contact with the workpiece. The violent friction between the stirring head and the workpiece makes the temperature of the welding zone rise rapidly, so that the metal near the stirring head is softened continuously and enters a viscoplastic state, and the materials in the welding zone are mixed with each other under the traction, stirring and extrusion of the shaft shoulder and the stirring head, and finally a compact welding seam is formed.
In the process of friction stir welding, the welded workpiece is in a solid state, the material in the stirring area is not melted, and the structure in the stirring area is dynamically recrystallized under the condition of high-temperature severe plastic deformation to obtain fine and uniform equiaxed crystals. A large body of literature indicates that friction stir welded joints with fine, uniform equiaxed grains have excellent tensile properties, fatigue properties, and superplasticity. Friction stir welding is a "green" welding method, and has been widely used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive and rail transportation. The advantages are mainly as follows: the welded workpiece is not melted in the stirring friction welding process, so that common welding defects in the traditional fusion welding, such as solidification cracks, air holes, alloy element burning loss and the like, can be avoided; the welding heat input is low, the residual stress of a welding seam area is small, the welding deformation is small, and the size of a workpiece to be welded is stable; during welding, no metal is required to be filled, no protective gas is consumed, and no arc light or smoke is generated, so that the friction stir welding is called as a green and environment-friendly welding method.
When the welding heat input is low and the heat conductivity coefficient of the alloy material is high, the crystal grains in the stirring area grow in time to form fine and uniform isometric crystals; however, for a metal alloy material with a certain content of alloy elements and a certain amount of second-phase particles, the plastic softening material is not easy to fill the weld joint cavity smoothly in the welding process, and the joint formability is reduced. For friction stir welding, the process window for obtaining a high-quality welded joint from the alloy is narrow, and when the welding speed is high, a well-formed welded joint is difficult to obtain.
The friction stir welding is similar to the common welding process, and a series of effects related to phase change can be generated when the metal material undergoes solid phase change in the temperature rising and falling process. For example: the martensite phase transformation of the steel material is often accompanied by volume increase and phase transformation superplasticity effect, when the temperature of the material is increased, the martensite phase is transformed into the austenite phase, and the plasticity and the toughness of the material are improved. Because martensite is a body-centered cubic structure, austenite is a face-centered cubic structure, and the density of martensite is lower than that of austenite, phase transformation brings about volume change, and austenite has better plasticity and toughness.
Obviously, the forming mechanism of the friction stir welding joint is undoubtedly related to the flowing behavior of plastic metal in the welding process, and the plasticity of the material is related to the solid phase change caused by the temperature change, so that before the friction stir welding, the plasticity of the material is improved, and the plastic softening material can be ensured to smoothly fill the weld joint cavity in the welding process, so that the quality of the welding joint is improved. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a friction stir welding system and method based on phase change temperature control.
Disclosure of Invention
The first invention of the present invention is: based on the principle of friction stir welding, a welding system capable of heating and adjusting the temperature of a material in a stirring area and ensuring that the friction stir process of the material is carried out within a certain temperature range above the solid phase temperature is provided.
The invention realizes the technical proposal adopted by the first invention: a friction stir welding system based on phase change temperature control comprises a friction stir subsystem, a front-mounted arc subsystem, a temperature monitoring unit and a control center;
the stirring friction subsystem comprises a stirring head (the stirring head comprises a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin); the stirring friction subsystem is used for stirring and rubbing the heated material in the stirring area;
the front arc subsystem comprises a welding machine and a welding gun; the preposed electric arc subsystem is used for providing a heat source for heating the material in the stirring area and regulating the temperature of the material in the stirring area in a feedback way by matching with the temperature monitoring unit and the control center;
the temperature monitoring unit is used for monitoring the temperature of the material in the stirring area in real time and feeding back the temperature to the control center;
presetting a temperature threshold value in the control center; in the welding process, the temperature monitoring unit monitors the temperature of the material in the stirring area in real time and feeds the temperature back to the control center, the control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameter of the front arc subsystem according to the temperature fed back in real time, and then controls the temperature of the material in the stirring area to approach the temperature threshold value, so that the stirring friction subsystem completes the stirring friction welding work of the whole workpiece to be welded under the condition that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches the temperature threshold value.
Further, the welding gun is a tungsten electrode wire welding gun.
The second object of the present invention is: before friction stir welding, the material temperature in a stirring area is heated and adjusted, the plasticity of the material is improved to ensure that a plastic softening material smoothly fills a weld hole in the welding process, and the quality of a welded joint is improved, so that the advantage of solid connection of friction stir welding can be kept, and meanwhile, the plastic flow of the material in the welding process is more sufficient.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the second invention purpose is realized: a welding method of a phase-change temperature control-based friction stir welding system, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, presetting a temperature threshold value in the control center, and recording the temperature threshold value as TA；
S2, setting welding parameters including setting friction stir welding speed, arc advancing speed, stirring head rotating speed and arc heat input parameters; the arc heat input parameters comprise an arc heat input current and an arc heat input voltage;
s3, the system starts working, and the time point for starting working is recorded as t0Time of day, theThe preposed electric arc subsystem and the temperature monitoring unit start to work simultaneously, the preposed electric arc subsystem heats the material in the stirring area, and the temperature monitoring unit monitors the temperature of the material in the stirring area at the moment and records the temperature as T0；
S4, the temperature monitoring unit monitors the temperature T of the material in the stirring area0Feeding back to the control center;
s5, the temperature T to be fed back by the control center0With a temperature threshold TAMaking a comparison if T0＜TAThe control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to improve the heat input to the material in the stirring area, so that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches to the temperature threshold value TA(ii) a If T0＞TAThe control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to reduce the heat input to the material in the stirring area, so that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches to the temperature threshold TA；
S6, the front-end arc subsystem heats the stirring area material according to the adjusted arc heat input parameters, and the stirring friction subsystem starts to stir and rub the heated stirring area material;
s7, monitoring the temperature of the material in the current stirring area again by the temperature monitoring unit for delta T, and recording the temperature as T; the time delta t is the time interval of monitoring the temperature of the material in the stirring area every two adjacent times by the temperature monitoring unit; (i.e. the temperature feedback of the material in the stirring area and the adjustment of the arc parameters are carried out once after the time of delta t, the electric arc heating and the stirring friction are not stopped in the adjustment process of the arc parameters, the time delay necessary for the temperature feedback is delta t, the feedback is more frequent and the temperature control is more sensitive, the larger the delta t is, the fewer the times of the adjustment of the arc parameters are, and the electric arc is more stable.)
S8, feeding back the temperature T of the material in the stirring area obtained by monitoring to the control center by the temperature monitoring unit;
s9, the control center feeds back the temperature T and the temperature threshold TAMaking a comparison if T < TAThen the control center automatically adjusts arc heat input parameters toThe heat input to the material in the stirring area is improved, so that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches to the temperature threshold value TA(ii) a If T > TAThe control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to reduce the heat input to the material in the stirring area, so that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches to the temperature threshold TA；
S10, heating the material in the stirring area by the front-end arc subsystem according to the adjusted arc heat input parameters;
and S11, repeating the steps S7-S10, and after the stirring and rubbing subsystem starts to stir and rub the heated material in the stirring area, continuously stirring and rubbing the heated material in the stirring area by the stirring and rubbing subsystem according to the set stirring and rubbing speed until the stirring and rubbing work of the whole workpiece to be welded is completed.
Further, during welding, the arc lead distance of the leading arc subsystem is larger than the radius of a stirring head of the stirring friction subsystem; the arc front distance of the front arc subsystem refers to the distance between the arc center and the stirring center.
Further, the temperature threshold TABetween the solid phase transition temperature and the melting point of the material of the workpiece to be welded.
Solid-state phase transition: when the temperature and pressure of solid materials such as metal and ceramic are changed, the internal structure or structure of the solid materials changes, i.e. the solid materials are transformed from one phase state to another phase state, the transformation is called solid phase transformation, and the temperature at which the transformation occurs is called solid phase transformation temperature. Such as: when the workpiece to be welded is made of steel, the material is transformed from a martensite state to an austenite state along with the increase of the temperature, the structure of the material is transformed from a body-centered cubic structure to a face-centered cubic structure, and the material has better plasticity and toughness in the austenite state. The temperature at which the material is transformed from the martensite state to the austenite state is the solid state transformation temperature of the material of the workpiece to be welded.
Further, the friction stir welding speed is the same as the arc traveling speed.
The stirring friction welding speed is kept consistent with the arc advancing speed, so that the real-time change of the temperature of the stirring area is ensured to be within a controllable range.
Further, the time Δ t is 0.1 s.
Further, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 1000 r/min.
Further, the electric arc front distance of the front electric arc subsystem is 150mm, and the radius of the stirring head of the stirring friction subsystem is 90 mm.
On the basis that the electric arc front distance of the front electric arc subsystem is larger than the radius of a stirring head of the stirring friction subsystem, the moderate electric arc front distance is selected, so that the problems that the electric arc is not obviously heated due to the fact that the electric arc front distance is too large, and the temperature of materials in a stirring area is not sensitive when heat input parameters are adjusted can be avoided.
Further, the friction stir welding speed and the arc advancing speed are both 200 mm/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the welding system is based on the friction stir welding principle, and can control the friction stir process of materials to be carried out within a certain specific temperature range above the solid phase temperature by adding a front electric arc and temperature monitoring feedback, so that the phase change temperature control of the friction stir welding of workpieces to be welded is realized. When the welding system disclosed by the invention is used for welding, the plastic flow of materials is more sufficient and uniform in the welding process, the matching threshold value of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head and the materials can be reduced, the adjustable range of the friction stir welding parameters is expanded, and the friction stir welding difficulty under the conditions of low stirring speed and large welding speed is further reduced.
The welding method of the invention is that before the friction stir welding, the temperature of the material in the stirring area is heated and adjusted, the temperature of the material is controlled within a certain specific temperature range above the solid phase temperature, and the plasticity of the material is improved to ensure that the plastic softening material smoothly fills the weld joint cavity in the friction stir welding process, thereby improving the quality of the welding joint. The welding method of the invention reserves the advantages of solid state connection of friction stir welding, simultaneously, the plastic flow of the materials in the welding process is more sufficient and uniform, the welding defects common in the traditional fusion welding are avoided, and the protective gas is not consumed.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction stir welding system based on phase-change temperature control according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 1 and 6 are robots, 2 are stirring heads, 3 is a temperature monitoring unit, 4 is a positioner, 5 is a welding gun, 7 and 10 are robot control cabinets, 8 is a welding machine, and 9 is a control center.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a welding method of the phase-change temperature control-based friction stir welding system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the temperature range of the material in the stirring zone in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a welding process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples
The embodiment provides a stirring friction welding system and method based on phase change temperature control.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction stir welding system based on phase change temperature control, which includes a friction stir subsystem, a front-end arc subsystem, a temperature monitoring unit 3, and a control center 9;
the stirring friction subsystem comprises a robot 1, a stirring head 2 (the stirring head 2 comprises a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin) and a robot control cabinet 10; the stirring friction subsystem is used for stirring and rubbing the heated material in the stirring area;
the front-mounted arc subsystem comprises a welding gun 5, a robot 6, a robot control cabinet 7 and a welding machine 8; the preposed electric arc subsystem is used for providing a heat source for heating the materials in the stirring area and regulating the temperature of the materials in the stirring area in a feedback way by matching with the temperature monitoring unit 3 and the control center 9;
the temperature monitoring unit 3 is used for monitoring the temperature of the material in the stirring area in real time and feeding back the temperature to the control center 9;
presetting a temperature threshold value in the control center 9; in the welding process, the temperature monitoring unit 3 monitors the temperature of the material in the stirring area in real time and feeds the temperature back to the control center 9, the control center 9 automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameter of the pre-arc subsystem according to the temperature fed back in real time, and then controls the temperature of the material in the stirring area to approach the temperature threshold value, so that the friction stir subsystem completes the friction stir welding work of the whole workpiece to be welded under the condition that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches the temperature threshold value.
The welding torch 5 in this example is a tungsten wire torch.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a welding method of the phase-change temperature control-based friction stir welding system of the embodiment, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, presetting a temperature threshold value in the control center 9, and recording as TA；
S2, setting welding parameters including setting friction stir welding speed, arc advancing speed, stirring head rotating speed and arc heat input parameters; the arc heat input parameters comprise arc heat input current and arc heat input voltage;
s3, the system starts working, the time point of starting working is recorded as t0At the moment, the front-end electric arc subsystem and the temperature monitoring unit 3 start to work simultaneously, the front-end electric arc subsystem heats the material in the stirring area, and the temperature monitoring unit 3 monitors the temperature of the material in the stirring area at the moment and records the temperature as T0；
S4, the temperature monitoring unit 3 monitors the temperature T of the material in the stirring area0Feeding back to the control center 9;
s5, the control center 9 feeds back the temperature T0With a temperature threshold TAMaking a comparison if T0＜TAThe control center 9 automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to increase the heat input to the material in the stirring zone so that the temperature of the material in the stirring zone approaches the temperature threshold TA(ii) a If T0＞TAThe control center 9 automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to reduce the heat input to the material in the stirring zone so that the temperature of the material in the stirring zone approaches the temperature threshold TA；
S6, the preposed arc subsystem heats the stirring area material according to the adjusted arc heat input parameters, and the stirring friction subsystem starts to stir and rub the heated stirring area material;
s7, monitoring the temperature of the material in the current stirring area again by the temperature monitoring unit 3 for delta T, and recording the temperature as T; the time delta t is the time interval of the temperature monitoring unit 3 for monitoring the temperature of the material in the stirring area every two adjacent times;
s8, the temperature monitoring unit 3 feeds back the temperature T of the material in the stirring area obtained through monitoring to the control center 9;
s9, the control center 9 feeds back the temperature T and the temperature threshold TAMaking a comparison if T < TAThe control center 9 automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to increase the heat input to the material in the stirring zone so that the temperature of the material in the stirring zone approaches the temperature threshold TA(ii) a If T > TAThe control center 9 automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to reduce the heat input to the material in the stirring zone so that the temperature of the material in the stirring zone approaches the temperature threshold TA；
S10, the front-end arc subsystem heats the material in the stirring area according to the adjusted arc heat input parameters;
and S11, repeating the steps S7-S10, and after the stirring and rubbing subsystem starts to stir and rub the heated material in the stirring area, continuously stirring and rubbing the heated material in the stirring area by the stirring and rubbing subsystem according to the set stirring and rubbing speed until the stirring and rubbing work of the whole workpiece to be welded is completed.
In the welding process, the arc front distance of the front arc subsystem is larger than the radius of the stirring head 2 of the stirring friction subsystem, the arc front distance of the front arc subsystem is 150mm, and the radius of the stirring head 2 of the stirring friction subsystem is 90 mm; the arc lead distance of the leading arc subsystem refers to the distance between the arc center and the stirring center.
Example temperature threshold TABetween the solid phase transition temperature and the melting point of the material of the workpiece to be welded.
In this example, the speed of friction stir welding was the same as the speed of the arc travel and was 200 mm/min.
In this example, time Δ t is 0.1 s.
In this example, the rotational speed of the stirring head 2 is 1000 r/min.
Now, the friction stir welding processing of the low-carbon steel plate is performed by using the friction stir welding system and method based on phase change temperature control provided by the embodiment, and the following parts are described:
the solid phase transition temperature T of the material of the workpiece to be weldedRotating shaftApproximately equal to 850 ℃ and a melting point TFusion furnaceAbout 1500 ℃. At the same time, a temperature threshold T is setA1100 deg.C between the solid phase transition temperature T of the material to be weldedRotating shaftWith melting point TFusion furnaceIn the meantime. The length of the weld seam of the workpiece material to be welded is L.
In the welding process, the temperature change process of the material in the stirring area of the workpiece to be welded is shown in fig. 3, the temperature of the material in the stirring area continuously changes along with the movement of the electric arc, the heat input parameter of the preposed electric arc needs to be continuously adjusted, and the temperature of the stirring area is at a temperature threshold TAThe temperature fluctuation range of the material in the stirring area is small (namely delta T is less than 50-100 ℃), so that the plastic difference of the material in the welding process is small, and the plastic flow of the material is more uniform. Due to the influence of the superposition factors of workpiece heating, the temperature of the material heated originally has a process of ascending first and then descending, as shown in fig. 3, the real-time temperature T of the material in the stirring area fed back by the temperature monitoring unit 3 is less than T at 1/6L (position 1) in the welding directionA(ii) a 2/3L (position 2) in the welding direction, the real-time temperature T > T of the material in the stirring area fed back by the temperature monitoring unit 3A(ii) a At 3/3L (position 3) in the welding direction, the leading arc was extinguished, the temperature control in the stir zone was stopped, and the stir head completed friction stir welding of the remaining material. Temperature feedback of the material in the stirring area and adjustment of the arc parameters are carried out once every time delta t passes, namely every time the arc advances delta t.v, the system carries out temperature feedback of the material in the stirring area and adjustment of the arc parameters, wherein the time delta t is 0.1s, and the arc advancing speed v is 200 mm/min.
The schematic diagram of the welding process (welding conditions at different positions) is shown in FIG. 4, the arc forward distance d of the forward arc subsystem is larger than the radius r of the stirring head 2 of the stirring friction subsystem, and the forward arc subsystemThe total arc front distance d is 150mm, and the radius r of the stirring head 2 of the stirring friction subsystem is 90 mm; the preposed electric arc is used for heating and adjusting the temperature of the material in the stirring area of the workpiece, and the whole friction stir welding process is solid connection without melting the material. The friction stir welding state at position 1 shown in FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 4(a), where the real-time temperature T < T of the material in the stir zone fed back by the temperature monitoring unit 3AImproving the heat input of the electric arc; the friction stir welding state at position 2 shown in FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 4(b), where the real-time temperature T > T of the material in the stir zone fed back by the temperature monitoring unit 3AReducing arc heat input; the friction stir welding at position 3 shown in fig. 3 is in the state shown in fig. 4(c), at which time the pre-arc is extinguished, the temperature control of the stir zone is stopped, and the stir head completes the friction stir welding of the remaining material.
The above examples only show some specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are all covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A friction stir welding system based on phase change temperature control is characterized by comprising a friction stir subsystem, a front-mounted arc subsystem, a temperature monitoring unit and a control center;
the stirring friction subsystem comprises a stirring head; the stirring friction subsystem is used for stirring and rubbing the heated material in the stirring area;
the front arc subsystem comprises a welding machine and a welding gun; the preposed electric arc subsystem is used for providing a heat source for heating the materials in the stirring area and regulating the temperature of the materials in the stirring area in a feedback way by matching with the temperature monitoring unit and the control center;
the temperature monitoring unit is used for monitoring the temperature of the material in the stirring area in real time and feeding back the temperature to the control center;
presetting a temperature threshold value in the control center; in the welding process, the temperature monitoring unit monitors the temperature of the material in the stirring area in real time and feeds the temperature back to the control center, the control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameter of the front arc subsystem according to the real-time and expensive temperature, and then controls the temperature of the material in the stirring area to approach the temperature threshold value, so that the stirring friction subsystem completes the stirring friction welding work of the whole workpiece to be welded under the condition that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches the temperature threshold value.
2. The phase change temperature control based friction stir welding system of claim 1 wherein said welding torch is a tungsten wire torch.
3. A welding method of a phase change temperature controlled friction stir welding system according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, presetting a temperature threshold value in the control center, and recording the temperature threshold value as TA；
S2, setting welding parameters including setting friction stir welding speed, arc advancing speed, stirring head rotating speed and arc heat input parameters; the arc heat input parameters comprise an arc heat input current and an arc heat input voltage;
s3, the system starts working, and the time point for starting working is recorded as t0At the moment, the preposed arc subsystem and the temperature monitoring unit start to work simultaneously, the preposed arc subsystem heats the material in the stirring area, and the temperature monitoring unit monitors the temperature of the material in the stirring area at the moment and records the temperature as T0；
S4, the temperature monitoring unit monitors the temperature T of the material in the stirring area0Feeding back to the control center;
s5, the temperature T to be fed back by the control center0With a temperature threshold TAMaking a comparison if T0＜TAThe control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to improve the heat input to the material in the stirring area, so that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches to the temperature threshold value TA(ii) a If T0＞TAThe control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to reduce the heat input to the material in the stirring area, so that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches to the temperature threshold TA；
S6, the front-end arc subsystem heats the stirring area material according to the adjusted arc heat input parameters, and the stirring friction subsystem starts to stir and rub the heated stirring area material;
s7, monitoring the temperature of the material in the current stirring area again by the temperature monitoring unit for delta T, and recording the temperature as T; the time delta t is the time interval of monitoring the temperature of the material in the stirring area every two adjacent times by the temperature monitoring unit;
s8, feeding back the temperature T of the material in the stirring area obtained by monitoring to the control center by the temperature monitoring unit;
s9, the control center feeds back the temperature T and the temperature threshold TAMaking a comparison if T < TAThe control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to improve the heat input to the material in the stirring area, so that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches to the temperature threshold value TA(ii) a If T > TAThe control center automatically adjusts the arc heat input parameters to reduce the heat input to the material in the stirring area, so that the temperature of the material in the stirring area approaches to the temperature threshold TA；
S10, heating the material in the stirring area by the front-end arc subsystem according to the adjusted arc heat input parameters;
and S11, repeating the steps S7-S10, and after the stirring and rubbing subsystem starts to stir and rub the heated material in the stirring area, continuously stirring and rubbing the heated material in the stirring area by the stirring and rubbing subsystem according to the set stirring and rubbing speed until the stirring and rubbing work of the whole workpiece to be welded is completed.
4. The welding method of claim 3, wherein during welding, the arc reach of the pre-arc subsystem is greater than the radius of the stir head of the friction stir subsystem; the arc front distance of the front arc subsystem refers to the distance between the arc center and the stirring center.
5. The welding method of claim 3, wherein the temperature threshold T is greater than the temperature threshold TABetween the solid phase transition temperature and the melting point of the material of the workpiece to be welded.
6. The welding method of claim 3, wherein the friction stir welding speed is the same as the arc travel speed.
7. The welding method of claim 3, wherein the time Δ t is 0.1 s.
8. The welding method of the phase-change temperature control-based friction stir welding system according to claim 3, wherein the rotation speed of the stirring head is 1000 r/min.
9. The welding method of claim 4, wherein the arc forward distance of the forward arc subsystem is 150mm, and the radius of the stirring head of the friction stir subsystem is 90 mm.
10. The welding method of claim 6, wherein the friction stir welding speed and the arc traveling speed are both 200 mm/min.
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