CN112916639A - Preparation method of ultra-flat aluminum alloy section bar with rib plate - Google Patents

Preparation method of ultra-flat aluminum alloy section bar with rib plate Download PDF

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CN112916639A
CN112916639A CN202110113401.8A CN202110113401A CN112916639A CN 112916639 A CN112916639 A CN 112916639A CN 202110113401 A CN202110113401 A CN 202110113401A CN 112916639 A CN112916639 A CN 112916639A
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profile
aluminum alloy
temperature
ultra
section
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CN112916639B (en
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韦祖祥
赵睿澄
齐林
周伟
何建贤
莫宇飞
向晶
岑威
张立
刘德华
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Alnan Aluminium Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/04—Cooling or heating of press heads, dies or mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
    • B21C35/03—Straightening the work
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy section with a rib plate, which comprises the following steps: casting, preheating, extruding, on-line quenching, stretching and aging; in the extrusion, the preheated cast ingot is placed in an extruder for extrusion, the temperature of an extrusion barrel is 380-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.2-6.0m/min, the temperature of the cast ingot is 390-530 ℃, the extrusion temperature of the profile is 470-530 ℃, the profile passes through a straightening tool after being extruded out of a die so as to realize high-temperature online straightening, the straightening tool comprises a supporting plate positioned below and a profiling pressing plate positioned above, and online quenching is carried out after straightening. The invention provides a preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile, which is characterized in that after the aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile is extruded, high-temperature online straightening is immediately carried out, the profile passes through a straightening tool and is subjected to high-temperature online straightening, so that the transverse and longitudinal flatness of a product can be improved, and the problem of large plane gap of the aluminum alloy extruded ribbed plate profile is solved.

Description

Preparation method of ultra-flat aluminum alloy section bar with rib plate
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy extrusion forming preparation, in particular to a preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy section with a rib plate.
Background
The aluminum alloy ribbed plate is made by extrusion process, is a section bar with one or more convex ribbed plates parallel to each other on the plate surface in the length direction of the section bar, and has great superiority compared with the similar plane structure obtained by welding the plate and the section bar. The 6xxx series aluminum alloy has the advantages of strong corrosion resistance, good heat resistance, easy welding, strong toughness and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of ships, aerospace, transportation, building engineering and the like. The 6xxx series aluminum alloy has stronger plasticity, is easy to extrude and form at high temperature, is commonly used as a production blank for extrusion processing, produces the ribbed plate section with thinner thickness and wider width by an extrusion mode, and has higher strength and hardness after aging. However, because the alloying degree of the 6xxx series aluminum alloy is low, the temperature is high and the hardness is low during material extrusion, the ultra-wideband rib plate profile is easy to deform, the defects of transverse and longitudinal bending, twisting and the like are generated, the defects cannot be completely eliminated in the subsequent stretching treatment, and even the flatness of the profile becomes worse after stretching, so that the plane gap of the profile cannot meet the control requirement, the plane gap of the profile must be improved by a shaping mode, manpower and material resources are consumed, and the production cost is greatly increased. Along with the high-speed development of modern industry in China, higher requirements are put forward on the plane clearance of industrial aluminum alloy ribbed plate profiles, on the other hand, the width requirements of the profiles are wider and wider, the thickness requirements are thinner and thinner, the strength requirements are higher and higher, and the traditional extrusion production process cannot meet the rigorous requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy section with a rib plate, which can solve the problem that the plane gap of an aluminum alloy extruded section with a rib plate produced by the traditional process is large.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy section with a rib plate comprises the following steps: casting, preheating, extruding, on-line quenching, stretching and aging; in the extrusion, the preheated cast ingot is placed in an extruder for extrusion, the temperature of an extrusion barrel is 380-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.2-6.0m/min, the temperature of the cast ingot is 390-530 ℃, the extrusion temperature of the profile is 470-530 ℃, the profile passes through a straightening tool after being extruded out of a die so as to realize high-temperature online straightening, the straightening tool comprises a supporting plate positioned below and a profiling pressing plate positioned above, and online quenching is carried out after straightening.
Preferably, the support plate is made of graphite or metal, has a thickness of 30-80mm, a length of 300-500mm, a width greater than or equal to the width of the aluminum alloy section, and a width of preferably 500-800mm, and the width of the support plate depends on the width of the aluminum alloy section and mainly covers and supports the aluminum alloy section in the transverse direction.
Preferably, the profiling pressing plate is made of graphite or metal, has the thickness of 30-80mm, the length of 300-500mm and the width of more than or equal to the width of the section bar, and the width of the profiling pressing plate is determined by the width of the aluminum alloy section bar, mainly covers the aluminum alloy section bar in the transverse direction and can be completely contacted with the top surface of the section bar; the bottom of the profiling pressing plate is provided with a rectangular through groove according to the position of the rib plate of the aluminum alloy ribbed plate and the size of the rib plate, and the through groove is not contacted with the rib plate, preferably, the width of the rectangular through groove of the profiling pressing plate is 10-30mm, the depth of the rectangular through groove is 10-40mm, and the rectangular through groove is determined according to the size of the rib plate.
Preferably, the width of the section is 500-750mm, the length is 300-5000mm, the wall thickness is 2.0-4.5mm, 2-6 rib plates with raised height are uniformly distributed on the upper part of the section, the height of the rib plates is 5-35mm, the wall thickness of the rib plates is 2.0-4.5mm, and the bottom of the section is a flat surface.
Preferably, in the drawing, the profile is straightened, and the drawing rate is 0.2-3.0%; during stretching, profile modeling stretching cushion blocks are placed on the upper portions (the positions of chucks at two ends of a stretcher) at two ends of the profile, the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks are integrally rectangular, the thickness of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks is 30-80mm, the width of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks is larger than or equal to the width of the profile, the length of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks is 300-500mm, the upper portions of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks are rough planes, such as tooth-shaped rough planes, so as to increase the friction force between a clamping opening of the stretcher and the upper surfaces of the stretching cushion blocks and avoid stretching slipping, rectangular through grooves are formed in the bottom surfaces of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks according to the positions of rib plates of the profile and the size of the rib plates, the through grooves are not contacted with the rib plates, the groove width of.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.20-1.30%, Fe: 0.01-0.35%, Cu: 0.01-0.25%, Mn: 0.01-1.00%, Mg: 0.45-1.20%, Cr: 0.01-0.35%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.25 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein each inevitable impurity element is less than 0.05 percent, and the total amount is less than 0.15 percent.
Preferably, in the fusion casting, an aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy are put into a dome hydraulic tilting smelting furnace for smelting, and are fully stirred and slag-removed, the smelting heat preservation temperature is 700-750 ℃, and the smelting time is 4-11 hours; the aluminum alloy round ingot is obtained by adopting water-cooling semi-continuous casting, the casting temperature is 660-760 ℃, and the casting cooling water flow is 50-550m3The diameter of the obtained round ingot is 250-600mm, and the length of the single round ingot is 4000-9000 mm.
Preferably, in the preheating step, the ingot is placed in an induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 390-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-30 min; and (3) placing the extrusion die in a die heating furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 390-.
Preferably, in the on-line quenching, water cooling quenching or air cooling quenching is selected according to the wall thickness of the section, the water cooling quenching is adopted when the wall thickness of the section is more than or equal to 7mm, and the air cooling quenching is adopted when the wall thickness of the section is less than 7 mm.
Preferably, in the aging, the aluminum alloy section is placed in an aging furnace for aging, the aging temperature is 165-210 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5-24 h.
In a high temperature state, the aluminum alloy profile has low hardness and is easy to deform, and if all parts of the profile are cooled unevenly during on-line quenching, the shape and position defects such as bending, twisting and the like are easy to cause. The hardness of the section after quenching and cooling is improved, online straightening cannot be carried out, offline shaping can only be carried out by using a shaping machine, and the shaping has the defects that roll marks, black marks and scratches exist on the surface of the section, even the local size of the section is poor, and the defects of shapes such as W-shaped, S-shaped or V-shaped shapes appear. The invention adopts a mode of directly carrying out high-temperature online straightening after extrusion, has good online straightening effect at high temperature, carries out quenching and cooling immediately after straightening, and has the advantages of no rebound during shaping of the section bar, high-temperature online straightening, higher plasticity and easy straightening and shaping when the section bar is in a high-temperature state, and more flat plane by matching with the supporting plate and the profiling pressing plate. The supporting plate or the profiling pressing plate made of graphite has a lubricating effect and is high-temperature resistant, and the section bar is not easy to scratch even if the graphite is directly contacted with the section bar.
The invention further straightens and eliminates internal stress by stretching. During stretching, the chuck of the stretcher should contact the surface of the section as much as possible, so that all parts of the section can be deformed uniformly to obtain the section with a good plane. The stretching can be carried out only when the section bar is cooled to below 50 ℃, otherwise, the roller and the cooling bed belt can be scalded, and the surface defects of bending, twisting, wave and the like caused by the internal stress of the section bar before and after aging can not be thoroughly eliminated. The other effect of using the profile modeling stretching cushion block is that the profile modeling stretching cushion block is placed on the upper parts of the two ends of the profile during stretching, so that the chuck of the stretching machine is not in direct contact with the profile, the rib plate at the position of the stretching chuck is prevented from being fractured after being clamped, and the fracture condition of the whole section of the profile is avoided and the profile cannot be stretched when the fracture condition is serious. Meanwhile, the stretching ratio cannot be too large, and the defects of rough surface, orange peel, unqualified mechanical property and size and the like of the section bar can be caused by the too large stretching ratio, so that the proper stretching ratio is selected to achieve the aim of straightening, eliminate internal stress and ensure the qualified size of the section bar.
The size of the section bar is reasonable, on one hand, the section bar is wider and thinner, the scope of the ultra-wide aluminum alloy ribbed plate section bar is reached, and the section bar meets the actual requirement, on the other hand, the section bar is wider and thinner, the production difficulty is extremely high, especially in the aspect of controlling the flatness of the section bar, but the supporting plate and the profiling pressing plate which are used in a matching way can enable the upper surface and the lower surface of the section bar to be more contacted with the supporting plate and the profiling pressing plate through the matching of the supporting plate and the profiling pressing plate which are similar to the width of the section bar, the section bar is pressed through self weight of a tool, other heavy objects can be added on the upper part of the profiling pressing plate when necessary, and larger pressure is applied to the section bar, so that. The supporting plate is similar to the profile plate in size (width), the profile width is required to be completely covered, the through grooves are not contacted with the rib plates and are not attached to each other, the rib plates of the profiles are prevented from being scratched by the inner sides of the through grooves, black graphite marks are generated, and the rib plates of the profiles are not deformed and do not need to be straightened.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy strip rib plate profile, which is characterized in that after the aluminum alloy strip rib plate profile is extruded, high-temperature online straightening is immediately carried out, the profile passes through a straightening tool and is subjected to high-temperature online straightening, so that the transverse and longitudinal flatness of a product can be improved, the problem of large plane gap of an aluminum alloy extruded strip rib plate profile is solved, the high requirement of the aluminum alloy material for modern industry on the flatness of the aluminum alloy strip rib plate profile is met, and the method is also suitable for the ultra-wide aluminum alloy strip rib plate profile.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a section bar passing through a straightening tool;
FIG. 2 is a left side view schematic diagram of the section bar passing through the straightening tool;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a profile for placing a profiling stretching pad block during profile stretching;
fig. 4 is a left schematic view of the profile when the profile is stretched to place the profiling stretching cushion block.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the examples and comparative examples of the present invention, 6xxx series alloys are used as examples, and the chemical compositions and weight percentages (wt%) thereof are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 aluminum alloy section bar with rib plate and its weight percentage (wt%)
Figure BDA0002919784210000051
Wherein the aluminum content of the aluminum ingot is more than or equal to 99.7 percent; the grain refiner is AlTi5B1。
Example 1
The preferred embodiment provides a preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile, which comprises the following steps:
(1) casting: proportioning according to the corresponding dosage and components in the table 1, putting the mixture, aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, zinc ingots and intermediate alloys into a dome hydraulic inclined smelting furnace for smelting, fully stirring and slagging off, wherein the smelting heat preservation temperature is 740 ℃, and the smelting time is 7 hours; the aluminum alloy circular cast ingot is obtained by water-cooling semi-continuous casting, the casting temperature is 735 ℃, and the casting cooling water flow is 400m3The diameter of the obtained round ingot is 580mm, and the round ingot is finally turned into a round ingot with the diameter of 566 mm. The length of a single round long cast ingot is 8000mm, and the cast ingot is cut into 1500 mm-long cast ingot blanks in sections after head and tail waste materials are cut off.
(2) Preheating: placing the ingot blank in an induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, a gradient heating mode is adopted, the temperature of the front end of the ingot is in a descending trend every 300mm, and the temperature gradient is 10 ℃, namely 500-490-480-470-460 ℃; and (3) placing the extrusion die in a die heating furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 490 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 11 hours.
(3) Extruding: placing the preheated ingot blank into a container in an extruder to be extruded to obtain a profile 1, wherein the temperature of the container is as follows: the extrusion speed is 5.0m/min at 430 ℃; the profile extrusion temperature was 510 ℃. The width of the section bar 1 is 650mm, the wall thickness is 3.5mm, 3 rib plates are uniformly distributed on the upper portion of the section bar 1, the height of each rib plate is 25mm, the wall thickness of each rib plate is 3.5mm, and the bottom of the section bar is a flat surface. After being extruded out of the die, the section bar 1 passes through a straightening tool to realize high-temperature online straightening, and the straightening tool comprises a supporting plate 2 positioned below and a profiling pressing plate 3 positioned above. The supporting plate 2 is made of graphite, the thickness of the supporting plate 2 is 50mm, the width of the supporting plate is 700mm, and the length of the supporting plate is 300 mm; the material of profile modeling clamp plate is graphite, and the thickness of profile modeling clamp plate is 80mm, and the width is 800mm, and length is 300mm, and the bottom of profile modeling clamp plate 3 makes three rectangle logical groove with the specification according to the gusset position and gusset size and the gusset quantity condition of aluminum alloy ultra wide band muscle section bar, and the width that leads to the groove is 20mm, and the degree of depth is 40 mm. When the section bar 1 passes through the straightening tool, the bottom surface is contacted with the supporting plate 2 below, and the top surface is contacted with the profiling pressing plate 3 above; the through grooves do not contact with the rib plates, and specific reference can be made to fig. 1 and 2.
(4) Online quenching: after the section is straightened, on-line quenching air cooling is adopted, the total capacity of a matched motor is 5.5KW, the quenching air volume is 80 percent, and the section is rapidly cooled to below 50 ℃.
(5) Stretching: and (3) stretching and straightening the extruded section with the stretching rate of 1.5%. During stretching, profiling stretching cushion blocks 4 are arranged at the upper parts of two ends (clamping heads at two ends of a stretcher) of the section bar 1, the profiling stretching cushion blocks 4 are made of rectangular metal, the thickness of the profiling stretching cushion blocks is 80mm, the width of the profiling stretching cushion blocks is 800mm, and the length of the profiling stretching cushion blocks is 300 mm. The upper part of the profiling stretching cushion block 4 is a rough plane, the bottom surface of the profiling stretching cushion block is made into a rectangular through groove according to the position of the rib plate of the section bar 1 and the size of the rib plate, the width of the through groove is 20mm, and the depth of the through groove is 40 mm. The through grooves do not contact with the rib plates, and specific reference can be made to fig. 3 and 4.
(6) Aging: and (3) placing the section in an aging furnace for aging, wherein the aging temperature is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours, so as to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy extruded ultra-wideband rib plate section.
Example 2
The preferred embodiment provides a preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile, which comprises the following steps:
(1) casting: according to the table1, mixing the corresponding amount and components, putting the mixture, aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, zinc ingots and intermediate alloy into a dome hydraulic inclined smelting furnace for smelting, fully stirring and slagging off, wherein the smelting heat preservation temperature is 730 ℃, and the smelting time is 10 hours; the aluminum alloy circular ingot is obtained by adopting water-cooling semi-continuous casting, the casting temperature is 725 ℃, and the casting cooling water flow is 300m3The diameter of the obtained round ingot is 580mm, and the round ingot is finally turned into a round ingot with the diameter of 566 mm. The length of a single round long cast ingot is 8000mm, and the cast ingot is cut into 1500 mm-long cast ingot blanks in sections after head and tail waste materials are cut off.
(2) Preheating: placing the ingot blank in an induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, a gradient heating mode is adopted, the temperature of the front end of the ingot is in a descending trend every 300mm, and the temperature gradient is 10 ℃, namely 500-490-480-470-460 ℃; and (3) placing the extrusion die in a die heating furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 490 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 18 h.
(3) Extruding: placing the preheated ingot blank into a container in an extruder to be extruded to obtain a profile 1, wherein the temperature of the container is as follows: the extrusion speed is 4.0m/min at 440 ℃; the profile extrusion temperature was 500 ℃. The width of the section bar 1 is 650mm, the wall thickness is 3.5mm, 3 rib plates are uniformly distributed on the upper portion of the section bar 1, the height of each rib plate is 25mm, the wall thickness of each rib plate is 3.5mm, and the bottom of the section bar 1 is a flat surface. After being extruded out of the die, the section bar 1 passes through a straightening tool to realize high-temperature online straightening, and the straightening tool comprises a supporting plate 2 positioned below and a profiling pressing plate 3 positioned above. The supporting plate 2 is made of graphite, the thickness of the supporting plate 2 is 50mm, the width of the supporting plate is 700mm, and the length of the supporting plate is 300 mm; the material of profile modeling clamp plate 3 is graphite, and the thickness of profile modeling clamp plate 3 is 80mm, and the width is 800mm, and length is 300mm, and the bottom of profile modeling clamp plate 3 makes three rectangular logical grooves with the specification according to the gusset position and gusset size and the gusset quantity condition of aluminum alloy ultra wide band muscle section bar, and the width that leads to the groove is 20mm, and the degree of depth is 40 mm. When the section bar 1 passes through the straightening tool, the bottom surface is contacted with the supporting plate 2 below, and the top surface is contacted with the profiling pressing plate 3 above; the through grooves do not contact with the rib plates, and specific reference can be made to fig. 1 and 2.
(4) Online quenching: after the section is straightened, online quenching air cooling is adopted, the total capacity of a matched motor is 5.5KW, the quenching air volume is 85 percent, and the section is rapidly cooled to below 50 ℃.
(5) Stretching: and (3) stretching and straightening the extruded section with the stretching rate of 2.5%. During stretching, profiling stretching cushion blocks 4 are arranged at the upper parts of two ends (clamping heads at two ends of a stretcher) of the section bar 1, the profiling stretching cushion blocks 4 are made of rectangular metal, the thickness of the profiling stretching cushion blocks is 80mm, the width of the profiling stretching cushion blocks is 800mm, and the length of the profiling stretching cushion blocks is 300 mm. The upper part of the profiling stretching cushion block 4 is a rough plane, the bottom surface is made into a rectangular through groove according to the position of the rib plate of the profile and the size condition of the rib plate, the width of the through groove is 20mm, and the depth of the through groove is 40 mm. The through grooves do not contact with the rib plates, and specific reference can be made to fig. 3 and 4.
(6) Aging: and (3) placing the section in an aging furnace for aging, wherein the aging temperature is 190 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5.5h, so as to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy extruded ultra-wideband rib plate section.
Example 3
The preferred embodiment provides a preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile, which comprises the following steps:
(1) casting: proportioning according to the corresponding dosage and components in the table 1, putting the mixture, aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, zinc ingots and intermediate alloys into a dome hydraulic inclined smelting furnace for smelting, fully stirring and slagging off, wherein the smelting heat preservation temperature is 730 ℃, and the smelting time is 10 hours; the aluminum alloy circular ingot is obtained by adopting water-cooling semi-continuous casting, the casting temperature is 730 ℃, and the casting cooling water flow is 350m3The diameter of the obtained round ingot is 580mm, and the round ingot is finally turned into a round ingot with the diameter of 566 mm. The length of a single round long cast ingot is 8000mm, and the cast ingot is cut into cast ingot blanks with the length of 1800mm in a segmented mode after head and tail waste materials are cut off.
(2) Preheating: placing the ingot blank in an induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 510 ℃, the heat preservation time is 18min, a gradient heating mode is adopted, the temperature of the front end of the ingot is in a descending trend every 300mm, and the temperature gradient is 10 ℃, namely 510-500-490-480-470 ℃; and (3) placing the extrusion die in a die heating furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 495 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 13 h.
(3) Extruding: placing the preheated ingot blank into a container in an extruder to be extruded to obtain a profile 1, wherein the temperature of the container is as follows: the extrusion speed is 3.5m/min at 450 ℃; the extrusion temperature of profile 1 was 515 ℃. The width of the ribbed plate profile is 650mm, the wall thickness is 3.0mm, 3 ribbed plates are uniformly distributed on the upper portion of the profile, the height of the ribbed plates is 25mm, the wall thickness of the ribbed plates is 3.0mm, and the bottom of the profile is a flat surface. After being extruded out of the die, the section bar 1 passes through a straightening tool to realize high-temperature online straightening, and the straightening tool comprises a supporting plate 2 positioned below and a profiling pressing plate 3 positioned above. The supporting plate 2 is made of graphite, the thickness of the supporting plate 2 is 50mm, the width of the supporting plate is 700mm, and the length of the supporting plate is 300 mm; the material of profile modeling clamp plate 3 is graphite, and the thickness of profile modeling clamp plate 3 is 80mm, and the width is 800mm, and length is 300mm, and the bottom of profile modeling clamp plate 3 makes three rectangular logical grooves with the specification according to the gusset position and gusset size and the gusset quantity condition of aluminum alloy ultra wide band muscle section bar, and the width that leads to the groove is 20mm, and the degree of depth is 40 mm. When the section bar 1 passes through the straightening tool, the bottom surface is contacted with the supporting plate 2 below, and the top surface is contacted with the profiling pressing plate 3 above; the through grooves do not contact with the rib plates, and specific reference can be made to fig. 1 and 2.
(4) Online quenching: after the section is straightened, on-line quenching air cooling is adopted, the total capacity of a matched motor is 5.5KW, the quenching air volume is 80 percent, and the section is rapidly cooled to below 50 ℃.
(5) Stretching: and (3) stretching and straightening the extruded section with the stretching rate of 2.0%.
(6) Aging: and (3) placing the section in an aging furnace for aging at the aging temperature of 175 ℃ for 9h to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy extruded ultra-wideband rib plate section.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy section with a rib plate, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) casting: proportioning according to the corresponding dosage and components in the table 1, putting the mixture, aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, zinc ingots and intermediate alloy into a dome hydraulic inclined smelting furnace for smelting, fully stirring and slagging off, wherein the smelting heat-preservation temperature isThe smelting time is 6 hours at 745 ℃; the aluminum alloy circular ingot is obtained by adopting water-cooling semi-continuous casting, the casting temperature is 736 ℃, and the casting cooling water flow is 500m3The diameter of the obtained round ingot is 580mm, and the round ingot is finally turned into a round ingot with the diameter of 566 mm. The length of a single round long cast ingot is 8000mm, and the cast ingot is cut into cast ingot blanks with the length of 1300mm in a segmented mode after head and tail waste materials are cut off.
(2) Preheating: placing the ingot blank in an induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 490 ℃, the heat preservation time is 13min, a gradient heating mode is adopted, the temperature of the front end of the ingot is in a descending trend every 300mm, and the temperature gradient is 10 ℃, namely 490-480-470-460 ℃; and (3) placing the extrusion die in a die heating furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 485 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours.
(3) Extruding: placing the preheated ingot blank into an extrusion container in an extruder for extrusion to obtain a profile, wherein the temperature of the extrusion container is as follows: the extrusion speed is 5.5m/min at 430 ℃; the profile extrusion temperature was 515 ℃. The width of the ribbed plate profile is 650mm, the wall thickness is 3.5mm, 3 ribbed plates are uniformly distributed on the upper portion of the profile, the height of the ribbed plates is 25mm, the wall thickness of the ribbed plates is 4.0mm, and the bottom of the profile is a flat surface.
(4) Online quenching: after the section bar is extruded, on-line quenching air cooling is directly adopted, the total capacity of a matched motor is 5.5KW, the quenching air volume is 70 percent, and the section bar is rapidly cooled to below 50 ℃.
(5) Stretching: and (3) stretching and straightening the extruded section with the stretching rate of 1.5%. During stretching, profiling stretching cushion blocks 4 are arranged at the upper parts of two ends (clamping heads at two ends of a stretcher) of the section bar 1, the profiling stretching cushion blocks 4 are made of rectangular metal, the thickness of the profiling stretching cushion blocks is 80mm, the width of the profiling stretching cushion blocks is 800mm, and the length of the profiling stretching cushion blocks is 300 mm. The upper part of the profiling stretching cushion block 4 is a rough plane, the bottom surface is made into a rectangular through groove according to the position of the rib plate of the profile and the size condition of the rib plate, the width of the through groove is 20mm, and the depth of the through groove is 40 mm. The through grooves do not contact with the rib plates, and specific reference can be made to fig. 3 and 4.
(6) Aging: and (3) placing the section in an aging furnace for aging at the aging temperature of 200 ℃ for 3h to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy extruded ultra-wideband rib plate section.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy section with a rib plate, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) casting: proportioning according to the corresponding dosage and components in the table 1, putting the mixture, aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, zinc ingots and intermediate alloys into a dome hydraulic inclined smelting furnace for smelting, fully stirring and slagging off, wherein the smelting heat preservation temperature is 740 ℃, and the smelting time is 7 hours; the aluminum alloy circular cast ingot is obtained by water-cooling semi-continuous casting, the casting temperature is 735 ℃, and the casting cooling water flow is 400m3The diameter of the obtained round ingot is 580mm, and the round ingot is finally turned into a round ingot with the diameter of 566 mm. The length of a single round long cast ingot is 8000mm, and the cast ingot is cut into 1500 mm-long cast ingot blanks in sections after head and tail waste materials are cut off.
(2) Preheating: placing the ingot blank in an induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, a gradient heating mode is adopted, the temperature of the front end of the ingot is in a descending trend every 300mm, and the temperature gradient is 10 ℃, namely 500-490-480-470-460 ℃; and (3) placing the extrusion die in a die heating furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 490 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 11 hours.
(3) Extruding: placing the preheated ingot blank into an extrusion container in an extruder for extrusion, wherein the temperature of the extrusion container is as follows: the extrusion speed is 5.0m/min at 430 ℃; the profile extrusion temperature was 510 ℃. The width of the ribbed plate profile is 650mm, the wall thickness is 3.5mm, 3 ribbed plates are uniformly distributed on the upper portion of the profile, the height of the ribbed plates is 25mm, the wall thickness of the ribbed plates is 3.5mm, and the bottom of the profile is a flat surface.
(4) Online quenching: after the section bar is extruded, on-line quenching air cooling is directly adopted, the total capacity of a matched motor is 5.5KW, the quenching air volume is 80%, and the section bar is rapidly cooled to below 50 ℃.
(5) Stretching: and (3) stretching and straightening the extruded section with the stretching rate of 2.5%.
(6) Aging: and (3) placing the section in an aging furnace for aging, wherein the aging temperature is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours, so as to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy extruded ultra-wideband rib plate section.
In examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, the results of the transverse flatness and the longitudinal curvature of the section bar are shown in table 2, wherein the sample measurement is performed on the ultra-wideband rib plate prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy ultra-wideband rib plate section bar.
TABLE 2 transverse flatness and longitudinal curvature of the exemplary profiles
Figure BDA0002919784210000101
In the above example, the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 adopt the process mode of high temperature online straightening after extrusion and using a profile drawing cushion block in drawing; example 3 a process of performing high temperature on-line straightening after extrusion without using a profile modeling stretching cushion block in stretching; comparative example 1 a process using profiled drawing pads in drawing, followed by direct quenching after extrusion; comparative example 2 a process in which extrusion was followed by direct quenching and no profiled drawing mat was used in the drawing was used. As can be seen from table 2, the transverse flatness and the longitudinal curvature of the sections obtained in examples 1 and 2 are the best, and the transverse flatness and the longitudinal curvature of the section obtained in example 3 are slightly poor, but the results are much better compared with those of comparative examples 1 and 2, and the results of comparative examples 1 and 2 reflect that the transverse flatness and the longitudinal curvature of the aluminum alloy ribbed plate section prepared by the prior art are not ideal.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of an ultra-flat aluminum alloy section with a rib plate comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of casting, preheating, extruding, online quenching, stretching and aging, and is characterized in that: in the extrusion, the preheated cast ingot is placed in an extruder for extrusion, the temperature of an extrusion barrel is 380-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.2-6.0m/min, the temperature of the cast ingot is 390-530 ℃, the extrusion temperature of the profile is 470-530 ℃, the profile passes through a straightening tool after being extruded out of a die so as to realize high-temperature online straightening, the straightening tool comprises a supporting plate positioned below and a profiling pressing plate positioned above, and online quenching is carried out after straightening.
2. The method for preparing the ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the supporting plate is made of graphite or metal, the thickness is 30-80mm, the length is 300-500mm, and the width is larger than or equal to the width of the section.
3. The method for preparing the ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the profiling pressing plate is made of graphite or metal, the thickness of the profiling pressing plate is 30-80mm, the length of the profiling pressing plate is 300-500mm, the width of the profiling pressing plate is larger than or equal to the width of the section, a rectangular through groove is formed in the bottom of the profiling pressing plate according to the position of a rib plate of the aluminum alloy ribbed plate and the size of the rib plate, and the through groove is not in contact with the rib plate.
4. The method for preparing the ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the width of the section is 500-750mm, the length is 300-5000mm, the wall thickness is 2.0-4.5mm, 2-6 convex rib plates are uniformly distributed on the upper part of the section, the height of the rib plates is 5-35mm, the wall thickness of the rib plates is 2.0-4.5mm, and the bottom of the section is a flat surface.
5. The method for preparing the ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the stretching, the profile is stretched and straightened, and the stretching rate is 0.2-3.0%; when the profile is stretched, profile modeling stretching cushion blocks are placed on the upper portions of the two ends of the profile, the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks are integrally rectangular, the thickness of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks is 30-80mm, the width of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks is larger than or equal to the width of the profile, the length of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks is 300-500mm, the upper portions of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks are rough planes, rectangular through grooves are formed in the bottom surfaces of the profile modeling stretching cushion blocks according to the positions of rib plates of the profile.
6. The method for preparing the ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.20-1.30%, Fe: 0.01-0.35%, Cu: 0.01-0.25%, Mn: 0.01-1.00%, Mg: 0.45-1.20%, Cr: 0.01-0.35%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.25 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein each inevitable impurity element is less than 0.05 percent, and the total amount is less than 0.15 percent.
7. The method for preparing the ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the casting, an aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy are put into a dome hydraulic tilting smelting furnace for smelting, and are fully stirred and slag-removed, the smelting heat preservation temperature is 700-750 ℃, and the smelting time is 4-11 hours; the aluminum alloy round ingot is obtained by adopting water-cooling semi-continuous casting, the casting temperature is 660-760 ℃, and the casting cooling water flow is 50-550m3The diameter of the obtained round ingot is 250-600mm, and the length of the single round ingot is 4000-9000 mm.
8. The method for preparing the ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the preheating step, the ingot is placed in an induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 390-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-30 min; and (3) placing the extrusion die in a die heating furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 390-.
9. The method for preparing the ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the on-line quenching, water cooling quenching or air cooling quenching is selected according to the wall thickness of the section, the water cooling quenching is adopted when the wall thickness of the section is more than or equal to 7mm, and the air cooling quenching is adopted when the wall thickness of the section is less than 7 mm.
10. The method for preparing the ultra-flat aluminum alloy ribbed plate profile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the aging process, the aluminum alloy section is placed in an aging furnace for aging, the aging temperature is 165-210 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5-24 h.
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