CN110923522A - Method for forming high-performance wide-width aluminum alloy plate - Google Patents
Method for forming high-performance wide-width aluminum alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110923522A CN110923522A CN201911100775.5A CN201911100775A CN110923522A CN 110923522 A CN110923522 A CN 110923522A CN 201911100775 A CN201911100775 A CN 201911100775A CN 110923522 A CN110923522 A CN 110923522A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step S1, high-temperature smelting; step S2, preparing an aluminum alloy plate blank by continuous casting and continuous rolling; step S3, punch forming; step S4, a pressure heat treatment; and step S5, processing and polishing. The method for forming the plate type of the wide-width aluminum alloy plate has the advantages of short process flow, low cost, simplified process operation steps, great improvement on tensile strength and toughness indexes of the wide-width aluminum alloy plate, and good comprehensive performance, high dimensional precision, good performance stability, good corrosion resistance and long service life of the prepared plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate.
Background
In recent years, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, aluminum alloy plates are widely applied in daily life, and particularly, large-size, ultrahigh-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy wide plates have wide application prospects in the fields of automobiles, rail transit, aerospace and the like, but the preparation of the aluminum alloy wide plates is always a difficult problem in the material world at home and abroad. Therefore, the development of the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate is significant.
At present, in order to ensure that a wide-width aluminum alloy plate has high tensile strength, a method of carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment after hot rolling is generally adopted for preparing the wide-width aluminum alloy plate. The product obtained by the product is a product with high technical content, high production difficulty and high added value, is a high-end aluminum alloy product, and is a plate which needs to be imported from abroad in large quantity at present, wherein the main reason is that the aluminum alloy plate is formed by rolling large-size flat ingots, and the quality of the flat ingots directly influences the quality of the plate aluminum foil product. For years, the production of large-specification high-quality aluminum alloy flat ingots for rolling is difficult in the domestic aluminum industry due to the limitations of equipment, smelting and casting process levels, and the production of high-performance aluminum rolled products is severely restricted.
The Chinese patent publication No. 200810235979.5 entitled "preparation method of high temperature resistant, high strength and high modulus aluminum matrix composite" discloses a preparation method of aluminum matrix composite. The preparation method roughly comprises the following steps: firstly, heating and melting a pure aluminum ingot and a magnesium ingot; secondly, adding mixed salt and various intermediate alloys to cast ingots; thirdly, carrying out homogenization treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the homogenization treatment temperature is 470-500 ℃, and the time is 15-28h, and extruding or rolling the cast ingot into a required plate; fourthly, carrying out solid solution and aging treatment on the extruded or rolled plate, wherein the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 480-500 ℃, and the time is 1-4 h; the temperature of the aging treatment is 170-210 ℃, and the time is 6-18 h. The forming preparation of the material needs solid solution and aging heat treatment, which takes a lot of time and has high energy consumption, thus affecting the production efficiency; meanwhile, the elongation performance of the plate rolled by the alloy or the metal matrix composite material can be reduced by the solid solution heating and aging treatment, the elongation is usually less than 2%, the plate has poor plasticity, and the plate is easy to break when stressed unevenly, and particularly for parts such as automobiles, rail transit, aerospace and the like, the plate has higher requirements on the strength and toughness of the plate to ensure the use safety of the plate, so that the further development of the plate is limited by the defect.
Therefore, the method for forming the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile has high forming efficiency and finished product qualification rate and simple and feasible process, meets the market demand, has wide market value and application prospect, and has very important significance for promoting the development of the wide aluminum alloy plate industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for forming a plate type of a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate, which has the advantages of short process flow, low cost, simplified process operation steps, greatly improved tensile strength and toughness indexes of the aluminum alloy wide plate, and good comprehensive performance, high dimensional accuracy, good performance stability, good corrosion resistance and long service life of the prepared plate.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, high-temperature smelting: uniformly mixing aluminum alloy raw materials, putting the mixture into a melting box for melting, melting the materials into aluminum alloy liquid in the melting box, adding a refining agent into the molten metal in a heat preservation furnace in proportion, refining, slagging off, sampling and analyzing, pouring the melt with qualified components into gas atomization powder preparation equipment, and preparing the proportioned materials into spherical alloy powder with the particle size of less than 100 microns by adopting a gas atomization method to obtain the aluminum alloy powder;
step S2, preparing an aluminum alloy plate blank by continuous casting and rolling: adding the aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step S1 into a melting furnace of a continuous casting and rolling machine for continuous casting and rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
step S3, press forming: adding the aluminum alloy plate blank prepared in the step S2 to 500-550 ℃, preserving heat for 35-55 minutes, transferring the aluminum alloy plate blank to water with the temperature of 80-90 ℃ within 20-30 seconds, cooling, and completing punch forming within 6-9 hours;
step S4, pressure heat treatment: performing pressure heat treatment on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the punch forming in the step S3;
step S5, processing and polishing: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the pressure heat treatment in the step (S4) on a processing table for fine grinding to obtain a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate finished product.
Further, the aluminum alloy raw material in the step S1 includes, by mass: 0.01-0.03% of Ir, 0.05-0.1% of Fe0.06-0.08% of Ge, 0.01-0.03% of As, 0.06-0.09% of Nb, 0.3-0.6% of Zn, 0.1-0.14% of Cr, 0.02-0.05% of Sr, 0.05-0.1% of Y and the balance of Al.
Further, in the step S1, the refining agent includes the following components in parts by weight: 3-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-8 parts of sodium tetrafluoroaluminate, 1-2 parts of calcium fluoride, 0.5-1.5 parts of aluminum trioxide and 10-15 parts of sodium chloride.
Further, the continuous rolling mill in step S2 is one of a continuous rolling mill of Properzi system in italy, a continuous rolling mill of SouthWire system in the united states, a continuous rolling mill of Krupp/Hazelett system in federal germany, and a continuous rolling mill of SECIM system in france.
Further, the technological parameters of the continuous casting and rolling are as follows: the temperature of the front box shaft furnace is controlled to be 1200-1500 ℃ during continuous casting; the temperature of the heat preservation furnace is 800-1000 ℃, and the temperature of the casting cooling water is 30-35 ℃; the length of the die cavity in the casting area is 2400 mm; casting speed: the starting speed is 5.0-6.0m/min, the casting speed is 10-11m/min, and the temperature edge part of the outlet plate belt of the casting machine is 680-780 ℃; the finishing temperature is controlled to be 550-640 ℃, and the temperature of the cleaning pipe is 70-80 ℃.
Further, the step S3 of uniformly coating the stamping oil on the surfaces of the stamping die and the aluminum alloy plate blank before the stamping forming.
Preferably, the stamping die is a graphite die with an inner wall coated with boron nitride.
Further, the specific process parameters of the stamping forming in the step S3 are that the deformation temperature of the stamping is controlled to be 260-300 ℃, the drawing speed is 0.5-2.5mm/S, and the blank holding force is 2.5-4.0N/mm2。
Further, the process parameters of the pressure heat treatment in step S4 are as follows: under the vacuum degree of less than 10-2MP-10-3Under the condition of MPa, heating to 320-350 ℃ at the heating rate of 6-8 ℃/min, pressurizing to 53-58 MPa, continuously heating to 570-600 ℃, and preserving heat and pressure for 1-2 h; then heating to 650-700 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, removing the pressure, and keeping the temperature for 10-12 h; then raising the temperature to 1220-1250 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 12-15 ℃/min, pressurizing to 8-10 MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 1-2 h; then heating to 1260-1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, removing the pressure, keeping the temperature for 20-25 min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention relates to a plate type forming method of a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.01-0.03% of Ir, 0.05-0.1% of Fe, 0.06-0.08% of Ge, 0.01-0.03% of As, 0.06-0.09% of Nb0.06, 0.3-0.6% of Zn, 0.1-0.14% of Cr, 0.02-0.05% of Sr, 0.05-0.1% of Y and the balance of Al, the formed aluminum alloy plate has good ductility, the coordination of various doping elements, the addition of Ir, Cr, Nb and other elements is beneficial to improving the elongation of the aluminum alloy material, improving the hardness and strength of the aluminum alloy material and enhancing the mechanical characteristics of the aluminum alloy plate made of the aluminum alloy material, and the processed aluminum alloy has lighter weight, reduces the weight burden in the use process, is not easy to break, has long service life, simple process, low equipment requirement, strong operability and has good social popularization and application values.
(2) The invention relates to a plate type forming method of a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate, which is refined by adding a refining agent, wherein the refining agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of potassium chloride, 1-4 parts of sodium nitrate, 2-4 parts of sodium hexafluorosilicate, 1-3 parts of calcium fluoride, 1-3 parts of silicon dioxide and 2-5 parts of sodium sulfate. The components have synergistic effect, so that the molten aluminum alloy has higher precision and smaller impurity content, and further the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy material is effectively improved.
(3) According to the method for forming the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate, the aluminum alloy plate blank is prepared in a continuous casting and rolling mode, the forming period is shortened, the efficiency is high, the operation continuity is good, the energy consumption is low, the metal component loss is low, the qualified rate of a finished product is high, and the problems that the traditional plate forming preparation needs solid solution and aging heat treatment, the two treatments need a large amount of time, the energy consumption is high, and the production efficiency is influenced are solved; meanwhile, the elongation performance of the plate rolled by the alloy or the metal matrix composite material can be reduced by solution heating and aging treatment, the elongation is usually less than 2%, the plasticity of the plate is poor, and the problem of breakage is easy to occur when the stress is uneven.
(4) According to the method for forming the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate, the problems of incomplete reaction and difficult forming in the process are effectively solved through the pressurizing heat treatment process. The method of the invention obviously improves the high temperature resistance, the heat insulation and the oxidation resistance of the aluminum alloy.
(5) According to the method for forming the high-performance wide-width aluminum alloy plate, the heating energy before stamping effectively improves the forming performance of the aluminum alloy plate, and the problems of deformation and cracking of the plate during stamping are solved; the stamping oil is coated, so that the surface of the plate can be prevented from being scratched during stamping; the deformation temperature and the drawing speed are controlled, the drawing part can be prevented from wrinkling, the workpiece obtains the expected shape, and the stamping quality is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, high-temperature smelting: uniformly mixing aluminum alloy raw materials, putting the mixture into a melting box for melting, melting the materials into aluminum alloy liquid in the melting box, adding a refining agent into the molten metal in a heat preservation furnace in proportion, refining, slagging off, sampling and analyzing, pouring the melt with qualified components into gas atomization powder preparation equipment, and preparing the proportioned materials into spherical alloy powder with the particle size of less than 100 microns by adopting a gas atomization method to obtain the aluminum alloy powder;
step S2, preparing an aluminum alloy plate blank by continuous casting and rolling: adding the aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step S1 into a melting furnace of a continuous casting and rolling machine for continuous casting and rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
step S3, press forming: adding the aluminum alloy plate blank prepared in the step S2 to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 35 minutes, transferring the aluminum alloy plate blank to water of 80 ℃ within 20S, cooling, and completing punch forming within 6 hours;
step S4, pressure heat treatment: performing pressure heat treatment on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the punch forming in the step S3;
step S5, processing and polishing: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the pressure heat treatment in the step (S4) on a processing table for fine grinding to obtain a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate finished product.
The aluminum alloy raw material in the step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.01% of Ir, 0.05% of Fe, 0.06% of Ge0.06%, 0.01% of As, 0.06% of Nb, 0.3% of Zn, 0.1% of Cr, 0.02% of Sr, 0.05% of Y and the balance of Al.
In the step S1, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of sodium tetrafluoroaluminate, 1 part of calcium fluoride, 0.5 part of aluminum trioxide and 10 parts of sodium chloride.
The continuous casting and rolling mill in step S2 is a continuous casting and rolling mill of the Properzi system in italy.
The technological parameters of the continuous casting and rolling are as follows: the temperature of the front box shaft furnace is controlled to be 1200 ℃ during continuous casting; the temperature of the holding furnace is 800 ℃, and the temperature of the casting cooling water is 30 ℃; the length of the die cavity in the casting area is 2400 mm; casting speed: the starting speed is 5.0m/min, the casting speed is 10m/min, and the temperature edge part of the outlet plate belt of the casting machine is 680 ℃; the finishing temperature is controlled at 550 ℃ and the temperature of the cleaning pipe is 70 ℃.
The method also comprises a step of uniformly coating stamping oil on the surfaces of the stamping die and the aluminum alloy plate blank before stamping forming in the step S3.
The stamping die is a graphite die with the inner wall coated with boron nitride.
The specific process parameters of the punch forming in the step S3 are that the deformation temperature of the punch is controlled to be 260 ℃, the drawing speed is 0.5mm/S, and the blank holder force is 2.5N/mm2。
The process parameters of the pressure heat treatment in the step S4 are as follows: under vacuum degree of less than 1 × 10-2Under the condition of MP, heating to 320 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, pressurizing to 53MPa, continuously heating to 570 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1 h; then heating to 650 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, removing the pressure, and keeping the temperature for 10 hours; then heating to 1220 ℃ at the heating rate of 12 ℃/min, pressurizing to 8MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1 h; then heating to 1260 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, removing the pressure, keeping the temperature for 20min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Example 2
A method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, high-temperature smelting: uniformly mixing aluminum alloy raw materials, putting the mixture into a melting box for melting, melting the materials into aluminum alloy liquid in the melting box, adding a refining agent into the molten metal in a heat preservation furnace in proportion, refining, slagging off, sampling and analyzing, pouring the melt with qualified components into gas atomization powder preparation equipment, and preparing the proportioned materials into spherical alloy powder with the particle size of less than 100 microns by adopting a gas atomization method to obtain the aluminum alloy powder;
step S2, preparing an aluminum alloy plate blank by continuous casting and rolling: adding the aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step S1 into a melting furnace of a continuous casting and rolling machine for continuous casting and rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
step S3, press forming: adding the aluminum alloy plate blank prepared in the step S2 to 510 ℃, preserving heat for 40 minutes, transferring the aluminum alloy plate blank to 82 ℃ water in 22S, cooling, and completing punch forming in 7 hours;
step S4, pressure heat treatment: performing pressure heat treatment on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the punch forming in the step S3;
step S5, processing and polishing: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the pressure heat treatment in the step (S4) on a processing table for fine grinding to obtain a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate finished product.
The aluminum alloy raw material in the step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.015% of Ir, 0.06% of Fe, 0.065% of Ge0.065%, 0.015% of As, 0.07% of Nb, 0.4% of Zn, 0.11% of Cr, 0.03% of Sr, 0.06% of Y and the balance of Al.
In the step S1, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of sodium tetrafluoroaluminate, 1.2 parts of calcium fluoride, 0.7 part of aluminum trioxide and 11 parts of sodium chloride.
The continuous casting and rolling mill in step S2 is a SouthWire system continuous casting and rolling mill in the united states.
The technological parameters of the continuous casting and rolling are as follows: the temperature of the front box shaft furnace is controlled to be 1300 ℃ during continuous casting; the temperature of the holding furnace is 850 ℃, and the temperature of the casting cooling water is 31 ℃; the length of the die cavity in the casting area is 2400 mm; casting speed: the starting speed is 5.2m/min, the casting speed is 10.2m/min, and the temperature edge part of the outlet plate belt of the casting machine is 700 ℃; the finishing temperature is controlled at 570 ℃, and the temperature of the cleaning tube is 72 ℃.
The method also comprises a step of uniformly coating stamping oil on the surfaces of the stamping die and the aluminum alloy plate blank before stamping forming in the step S3.
The stamping die is a graphite die with the inner wall coated with boron nitride.
The specific process parameters of the punch forming in the step S3 are that the deformation temperature of the punch is controlled to be 270 ℃, and the punch is pulledThe depth speed is 1mm/s and the blank holder force is 2.8N/mm2。
The process parameters of the pressure heat treatment in the step S4 are as follows: under the vacuum degree of less than 9 x 10-3Under the condition of MPa, heating to 330 ℃ at the heating rate of 6.5 ℃/min, pressurizing to 54MPa, continuously heating to 580 ℃, and preserving heat and pressure for 1.2 h; then heating to 660 ℃ at the heating rate of 8.5 ℃/min, removing the pressure, and keeping the temperature for 10.5 h; then heating to 1230 ℃ at the heating rate of 13 ℃/min, pressurizing to 8.5MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.2 h; then heating to 1270 ℃ at the heating rate of 8.5 ℃/min, removing the pressure, keeping the temperature for 21min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Example 3
A method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, high-temperature smelting: uniformly mixing aluminum alloy raw materials, putting the mixture into a melting box for melting, melting the materials into aluminum alloy liquid in the melting box, adding a refining agent into the molten metal in a heat preservation furnace in proportion, refining, slagging off, sampling and analyzing, pouring the melt with qualified components into gas atomization powder preparation equipment, and preparing the proportioned materials into spherical alloy powder with the particle size of less than 100 microns by adopting a gas atomization method to obtain the aluminum alloy powder;
step S2, preparing an aluminum alloy plate blank by continuous casting and rolling: adding the aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step S1 into a melting furnace of a continuous casting and rolling machine for continuous casting and rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
step S3, press forming: adding the aluminum alloy plate blank prepared in the step S2 to 530 ℃, preserving heat for 45 minutes, transferring the aluminum alloy plate blank to water at 85 ℃ in 25 seconds, cooling, and completing punch forming within 7.5 hours;
step S4, pressure heat treatment: performing pressure heat treatment on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the punch forming in the step S3;
step S5, processing and polishing: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the pressure heat treatment in the step (S4) on a processing table for fine grinding to obtain a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate finished product.
The aluminum alloy raw material in the step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.02% of Ir, 0.07% of Fe, 0.07% of Ge0.07%, 0.02% of As, 0.075% of Nb, 0.45% of Zn, 0.12% of Cr, 0.035% of Sr, 0.07% of Y and the balance of Al.
In the step S1, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of sodium tetrafluoroaluminate, 1.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 1 part of aluminum trioxide and 13 parts of sodium chloride.
The continuous casting and rolling mill in step S2 is a Krupp/Hazelett system continuous casting and rolling mill of Federal Germany.
The technological parameters of the continuous casting and rolling are as follows: the temperature of the front box shaft furnace is controlled to 1350 ℃ during continuous casting; the temperature of the holding furnace is 900 ℃, and the temperature of the casting cooling water is 33 ℃; the length of the die cavity in the casting area is 2400 mm; casting speed: the starting speed is 5.5m/min, the casting speed is 10.5m/min, and the temperature edge part of the outlet plate belt of the casting machine is 730 ℃; the finishing temperature is controlled at 580 ℃, and the temperature of the cleaning pipe is 75 ℃.
The method also comprises a step of uniformly coating stamping oil on the surfaces of the stamping die and the aluminum alloy plate blank before stamping forming in the step S3.
The stamping die is a graphite die with the inner wall coated with boron nitride.
The specific process parameters of the punch forming in the step S3 are that the deformation temperature of the punch is controlled to be 280 ℃, the drawing speed is 1.7mm/S, and the blank holder force is 3.2N/mm2。
The process parameters of the pressure heat treatment in the step S4 are as follows: under the vacuum degree of less than 6 multiplied by 10-3Under the condition of MPa, heating to 335 ℃ at a heating rate of 7 ℃/min, pressurizing to 56MPa, continuously heating to 585 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.5 h; then heating to 680 ℃ at the heating rate of 9 ℃/min, removing the pressure, and keeping the temperature for 11 h; then heating to 1235 ℃ at the heating rate of 13.5 ℃/min, pressurizing to 9MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.5 h; then heating to 1280 ℃ at the heating rate of 9 ℃/min, removing the pressure, keeping the temperature for 23min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Example 4
A method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, high-temperature smelting: uniformly mixing aluminum alloy raw materials, putting the mixture into a melting box for melting, melting the materials into aluminum alloy liquid in the melting box, adding a refining agent into the molten metal in a heat preservation furnace in proportion, refining, slagging off, sampling and analyzing, pouring the melt with qualified components into gas atomization powder preparation equipment, and preparing the proportioned materials into spherical alloy powder with the particle size of less than 100 microns by adopting a gas atomization method to obtain the aluminum alloy powder;
step S2, preparing an aluminum alloy plate blank by continuous casting and rolling: adding the aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step S1 into a melting furnace of a continuous casting and rolling machine for continuous casting and rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
step S3, press forming: adding the aluminum alloy plate blank prepared in the step S2 to 540 ℃, preserving heat for 50 minutes, transferring the aluminum alloy plate blank to 88 ℃ water in 28 seconds, cooling, and completing punch forming within 8.5 hours;
step S4, pressure heat treatment: performing pressure heat treatment on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the punch forming in the step S3;
step S5, processing and polishing: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the pressure heat treatment in the step (S4) on a processing table for fine grinding to obtain a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate finished product.
The aluminum alloy raw material in the step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.028% of Ir, 0.09% of Fe, 0.078% of Ge0.028% of As, 0.085% of Nb, 0.5% of Zn, 0.13% of Cr, 0.04% of Sr, 0.09% of Y and the balance of Al.
In the step S1, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 7 parts of sodium tetrafluoroaluminate, 1.9 parts of calcium fluoride, 1.4 parts of aluminum trioxide and 14 parts of sodium chloride.
In step S2, the continuous casting and rolling mill is a continuous casting and rolling mill of SECIM system in france.
The technological parameters of the continuous casting and rolling are as follows: the temperature of the front box shaft furnace is controlled to be 1450 ℃ during continuous casting; the temperature of the holding furnace is 980 ℃, and the temperature of the casting cooling water is 34 ℃; the length of the die cavity in the casting area is 2400 mm; casting speed: the starting speed is 5.9m/min, the casting speed is 10.9m/min, and the temperature edge part of the outlet plate belt of the casting machine is 770 ℃; the finishing temperature is controlled at 630 ℃, and the temperature of the cleaning pipe is 78 ℃.
The method also comprises a step of uniformly coating stamping oil on the surfaces of the stamping die and the aluminum alloy plate blank before stamping forming in the step S3.
The stamping die is a graphite die with the inner wall coated with boron nitride.
The specific process parameters of the punch forming in the step S3 are that the deformation temperature of the punch is controlled to be 290 ℃, the drawing speed is 2.4mm/S, and the blank holder force is 3.8N/mm2。
The process parameters of the pressure heat treatment in the step S4 are as follows: under the vacuum degree of less than 3X 10-3Under the condition of MPa, heating to 345 ℃ at the heating rate of 7.8 ℃/min, pressurizing to 57MPa, continuously heating to 595 ℃, and preserving heat and pressure for 1.9 h; then heating to 690 ℃ at the heating rate of 9.8 ℃/min, removing the pressure, and keeping the temperature for 11.8 h; heating to 1245 ℃ at a heating rate of 14.5 ℃/min, pressurizing to 9.8MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 1.9 h; then heating to 1290 ℃ at the heating rate of 9.8 ℃/min, removing the pressure, keeping the temperature for 24min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Example 5
A method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, high-temperature smelting: uniformly mixing aluminum alloy raw materials, putting the mixture into a melting box for melting, melting the materials into aluminum alloy liquid in the melting box, adding a refining agent into the molten metal in a heat preservation furnace in proportion, refining, slagging off, sampling and analyzing, pouring the melt with qualified components into gas atomization powder preparation equipment, and preparing the proportioned materials into spherical alloy powder with the particle size of less than 100 microns by adopting a gas atomization method to obtain the aluminum alloy powder;
step S2, preparing an aluminum alloy plate blank by continuous casting and rolling: adding the aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step S1 into a melting furnace of a continuous casting and rolling machine for continuous casting and rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
step S3, press forming: adding the aluminum alloy plate blank prepared in the step S2 to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 55 minutes, transferring the aluminum alloy plate blank to water with the temperature of 90 ℃ in 30 seconds, cooling, and completing punch forming within 9 hours;
step S4, pressure heat treatment: performing pressure heat treatment on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the punch forming in the step S3;
step S5, processing and polishing: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the pressure heat treatment in the step (S4) on a processing table for fine grinding to obtain a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate finished product.
The aluminum alloy raw material in the step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.03 percent of Ir, 0.1 percent of Fe, 0.08 percent of Ge, 0.03 percent of As, 0.09 percent of Nb, 0.6 percent of Zn, 0.14 percent of Cr, 0.05 percent of Sr, 0.1 percent of Y and the balance of Al.
In the step S1, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of sodium tetrafluoroaluminate, 2 parts of calcium fluoride, 1.5 parts of aluminum trioxide and 15 parts of sodium chloride.
The continuous casting and rolling mill in step S2 is a continuous casting and rolling mill of the Properzi system in italy.
The technological parameters of the continuous casting and rolling are as follows: the temperature of the front box shaft furnace is controlled to be 1500 ℃ during continuous casting; the temperature of the holding furnace is 1000 ℃, and the temperature of the casting cooling water is 35 ℃; the length of the die cavity in the casting area is 2400 mm; casting speed: the starting speed is 6.0m/min, the casting speed is 11m/min, and the temperature edge part of the outlet plate belt of the casting machine is 780 ℃; the finishing temperature is controlled to be 640 ℃, and the temperature of the cleaning pipe is 80 ℃.
The method also comprises a step of uniformly coating stamping oil on the surfaces of the stamping die and the aluminum alloy plate blank before stamping forming in the step S3.
The stamping die is a graphite die with the inner wall coated with boron nitride.
The specific process parameters of the punch forming in the step S3 are that the deformation temperature of the punch is controlled to be 300 ℃, the drawing speed is 2.5mm/S, and the blank holder force is 4.0N/mm2。
The process parameters of the pressure heat treatment in the step S4 are as follows: under vacuum degree of less than 1 × 10-3Under the condition of MPa, the temperature is increased to 3 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 8 ℃/minPressurizing at 58MPa after 50 ℃, continuously heating to 600 ℃, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 h; then heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, removing the pressure, and keeping the temperature for 12 h; then raising the temperature to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, pressurizing at 10MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 2 h; then heating to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, removing the pressure, keeping the temperature for 25min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy sheet profile, which is substantially the same as in example 1, except that an aluminum alloy sheet blank is produced by hot rolling instead of continuous casting and rolling.
Comparative example 2
This example provides a method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate shape, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that the step S4 of pressure heat treatment is omitted.
Comparative example 3
This example provides a method for forming a high performance wide aluminum alloy sheet material, which is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that Ir and Fe are not added to the aluminum alloy material in step S1.
Comparative example 4
This example provides a method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy sheet material, which is substantially the same As that of example 1, except that the aluminum alloy material in step S1 is not added with Ge and As.
Comparative example 5
This example provides a method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy sheet material, which is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that no Nb or Cr is added to the aluminum alloy material in step S1.
In order to further illustrate the beneficial technical effects of the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile forming method in the embodiment of the invention, the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plates manufactured by the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile forming method described in the above embodiments 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5 were subjected to physical property tests, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Item | Tensile strength | Elongation percentage | Yield strength | Amount of wear |
| Unit of | MPa | ％ | MPa | mm/100H |
| Test standard | GB/T13822-1992 | ASTMB577 | GB/T228-2010 | GB/T12444.1-1990 |
| Example 1 | 566 | 15.3 | 200 | 0.16 |
| Example 2 | 570 | 15.6 | 202 | 0.14 |
| Example 3 | 574 | 15.8 | 205 | 0.12 |
| Example 4 | 578 | 16.0 | 207 | 0.10 |
| Example 5 | 583 | 16.2 | 210 | 0.09 |
| Comparative example 1 | 530 | 13.8 | 184 | 0.24 |
| Comparative example 2 | 525 | 13.5 | 180 | 0.26 |
| Comparative example 3 | 532 | 13.6 | 181 | 0.25 |
| Comparative example 4 | 521 | 13.2 | 178 | 0.22 |
| Comparative example 5 | 523 | 13.4 | 176 | 0.24 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate prepared by the plate type forming method of the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 566MPa, the elongation of more than or equal to 15.3 percent, the yield strength of more than or equal to 200MPa and the abrasion loss of less than or equal to 0.16 mm/100H; the tensile strength of the comparative example is less than or equal to 532MPa, the elongation is less than or equal to 13.8 percent, the yield strength is less than or equal to 184MPa, and the abrasion loss is more than or equal to 0.22 mm/100H; therefore, the synergistic effects of continuous casting and rolling, pressure heat treatment and addition of Ir, Fe, Ge, As, Nb and Cr are beneficial to improving the performance of the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate.
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for controlling a power converter in a power converter, including a power converter, a power.
Claims (9)
1. A method for forming a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, high-temperature smelting: uniformly mixing aluminum alloy raw materials, putting the mixture into a melting box for melting, melting the materials into aluminum alloy liquid in the melting box, adding a refining agent into the molten metal in a heat preservation furnace in proportion, refining, slagging off, sampling and analyzing, pouring the melt with qualified components into gas atomization powder preparation equipment, and preparing the proportioned materials into spherical alloy powder with the particle size of less than 100 microns by adopting a gas atomization method to obtain the aluminum alloy powder;
step S2, preparing an aluminum alloy plate blank by continuous casting and rolling: adding the aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step S1 into a melting furnace of a continuous casting and rolling machine for continuous casting and rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy plate blank;
step S3, press forming: adding the aluminum alloy plate blank prepared in the step S2 to 500-550 ℃, preserving heat for 35-55 minutes, transferring the aluminum alloy plate blank to water with the temperature of 80-90 ℃ within 20-30 seconds, cooling, and completing punch forming within 6-9 hours;
step S4, pressure heat treatment: performing pressure heat treatment on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the punch forming in the step S3;
step S5, processing and polishing: and (5) placing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the pressure heat treatment in the step (S4) on a processing table for fine grinding to obtain a high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate finished product.
2. The forming method of the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy raw material in the step S1 comprises the following components by mass percent: 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Ir, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Fe, 0.06 to 0.08 percent of Ge, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of As, 0.06 to 0.09 percent of Nb, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.14 percent of Cr, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Sr, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Y, and the balance of Al.
3. The forming method of the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refining agent in step S1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-8 parts of sodium tetrafluoroaluminate, 1-2 parts of calcium fluoride, 0.5-1.5 parts of aluminum trioxide and 10-15 parts of sodium chloride.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the continuous casting and rolling mill in step S2 is one of the continuous casting and rolling mill of Properzi system, SouthWire system, usa, Krupp/Hazelett system, federal, germany, SECIM system, france.
5. The method for forming the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile according to claim 1, wherein the continuous casting and rolling process parameters are as follows: the temperature of the front box shaft furnace is controlled to be 1200-1500 ℃ during continuous casting; the temperature of the heat preservation furnace is 800-1000 ℃, and the temperature of the casting cooling water is 30-35 ℃; the length of the die cavity in the casting area is 2400 mm; casting speed: the starting speed is 5.0-6.0m/min, the casting speed is 10-11m/min, and the temperature edge part of the outlet plate belt of the casting machine is 680-780 ℃; the finishing temperature is controlled to be 550-640 ℃, and the temperature of the cleaning pipe is 70-80 ℃.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stamping step in S3 is further performed by uniformly applying stamping oil on the surface of the stamping die and the aluminum alloy plate blank.
7. The method for forming the high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profile according to claim 1, wherein the stamping die is a graphite die with the inner wall coated with boron nitride.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process parameters of the stamping forming in step S3 are controlling the stamping deformation temperature at 260-300 ℃, the drawing speed at 0.5-2.5mm/S, and the blank holder pressure at 2.5-4.0N/mm2。
9. The forming method of high-performance wide aluminum alloy plate profiles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the pressure heat treatment in step S4 are as follows: under the condition that the vacuum degree is less than 10-2MP-10-3MPa, the temperature is increased to 320-350 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 6-8 ℃/min, then the pressure is increased to 53-58 MPa, and when the temperature is continuously increased to 570-600 ℃, the heat preservation and the pressure maintenance are carried out for 1-2 h; then heating to 650-700 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, removing the pressure, and keeping the temperature for 10-12 h; then raising the temperature to 1220-1250 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 12-15 ℃/min, pressurizing to 8-10 MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 1-2 h; then heating to 1260-1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, removing the pressure, keeping the temperature for 20-25 min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
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