CN105855309A - Extrusion forming method for A356 aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Extrusion forming method for A356 aluminum alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105855309A
CN105855309A CN201610192451.9A CN201610192451A CN105855309A CN 105855309 A CN105855309 A CN 105855309A CN 201610192451 A CN201610192451 A CN 201610192451A CN 105855309 A CN105855309 A CN 105855309A
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China
Prior art keywords
aluminium alloy
extrusion
forming method
alloy extruded
billet
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CN201610192451.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴建华
唐守秋
周吉学
刘运腾
韩青有
李卫红
王金伟
张琳琳
陈燕飞
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New Material Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences
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New Material Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences
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Priority to CN201610192451.9A priority Critical patent/CN105855309A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08Making wire, bars, tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003Cooling or heating of work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/02Cooling or heating of containers for metal to be extruded

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an extrusion forming method for A356 aluminum alloy. The extrusion forming method for the A356 aluminum alloy includes the steps that A356 aluminum alloy ingots are re-melted to cast extrusion billets; the billets are preheated and kept at the temperature; the preheated billets are rapidly transferred into an extrusion barrel which is heated to a certain temperature already; the billets are extruded into a cavity of an extrusion die through an extrusion machine; and finally the A356 aluminum alloy sectional material with high compactness and mechanical performance is obtained. Through implementation of the technical scheme, the operation method is simple and convenient to control, the compactness, the refined gain size and the refined silicon phase of the A356 aluminum alloy are improved, and the mechanical performance of the alloy is improved.

Description

A kind of aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-ferrous metals processing forming method, concrete a kind of aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356.
Background technology
A356 aluminium alloy is the alusil alloy that current range of application is the widest, has the features such as low, the high specific strength of density, by extensively Application and the field such as automobile, Aeronautics and Astronautics.A356 aluminium alloy mainly exists with cast form, but in casting process, Being easily formed pore, coarse grain and thick silicon phase, this will reduce consistency and the mechanical property of foundry goods.By being hot extruded into Type technology, can improve consistency and the mechanical property of alloy with the pore in seam foundry goods, crystal grain thinning, refinement silicon phase. Document " extrusion casint impact on A356 aluminum alloy organization " Li Feng etc. discloses and with A1-Si system polynary A356 aluminium alloy is Research object, is shaped by extrusion casint, have studied A356 aluminum alloy organization Changing Pattern during extrusion casint.It uses Technical scheme mainly: first A356 aluminium alloy cut into block and melt, after then metal die being preheating to 350 DEG C, It is placed on forcing press, A356 aluminium alloy solution is carried out extrusion casint.Although its can be greatly reduced by extrusion casint or Eliminate the casting flaw such as pore, crackle, improve its hardness, but while improving its hardness, use this technical scheme to obtain Goods tensile strength and elongation percentage are the most relatively low.
Therefore the method for the aluminium alloy extruded shaping of A356 making tensile strength and elongation percentage all be improved at present requires study and sends out Existing.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of aluminium alloy extruded forming technique of A356, can improve after using this extrusion forming technology The consistency of A356 alloy, crystal grain thinning, refinement silicon phase, put forward heavy alloyed mechanical property.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation extruding billet: A356 aluminium alloy cast ingot is added heat fusing, then to make A356 aluminium alloy extruded in cast Billet, more aluminium alloy extruded for A356 billet is preheated and is incubated;
(2) hot extrusion: the A356 billet after heating is transferred in warmed-up recipient, then utilizes extruder by base Ingot is expressed in extrusion die profile make extruded product.
In step (1), it is preferred that A356 aluminium alloy cast ingot heating fusion temperature and pouring temperature are 630~750 DEG C.A356 The heating and melting of aluminium alloy cast ingot is processed as follow-up acquisition tensile strength and the highest product of elongation percentage provides good basis.
In step (1), after the aluminium alloy extruded billet of A356 is made in cast, cooling, car removes surface scale, removes surface Impurity, carries out described preheating the most again and is incubated.
In step (1), so that alloying metal flowing is more uniform, A356 aluminium alloy extruded billet preheating temperature and Temperature retention time is particularly significant.Preferably, aluminium alloy extruded for A356 billet preheating temperature is set to 400~480 DEG C, during insulation Between be 2~8h, processed by this preheating insulation, now alloying component is uniform, and resistance of deformation is relatively low, and alloy plasticity is good, easily Deformation processing, this step can ensure that product obtains the best structure property simultaneously.Through lot of experiment validation and analysis, When heating-up temperature less than 400 DEG C, temperature retention time less than 2h time, now alloying element can not well be spread, and composition is very The difficult homogenization that realizes, the most extruded difficulty, when heating-up temperature more than 480 DEG C, temperature retention time more than 8h time, crystal grain is thick Change, although elongation percentage is higher, but tensile strength reduces, and affects material property.
In step (2), it is preferred that recipient preheating temperature is 400~450 DEG C, and extrusion speed is 5~10mm/s, extrusion ratio It is 60~80.It is to keep consistent with the A356 alloy after preheating by the purpose that recipient preheats, prevents from reducing extrusion surface temperature Degree, affects the uniformity of metal fluidity and tissue morphology.When recipient not being preheated, its alloy of the product obtained Microstructure is uneven.It addition, also need to preheat dummy block and extrusion die, preheating temperature is identical with recipient, Through great many of experiments and analysis, obtain preheating recipient temperature when being set to 400~450 DEG C, the microstructure form of product and Good mechanical properties.Extrusion speed is the lowest, reduces production efficiency, and extrusion speed is too high, although elongation percentage is higher, but produces Product tensile strength reduces, and is easily caused product hot tearing.
It addition, suitably extrusion ratio is also the key factor of the aluminum alloy extrusion section bar that forming properties is excellent, through great many of experiments Checking and analysis, when extrusion ratio is arranged on 60~80, the good combination property of product, when extrusion ratio is less than 60, the most again Crystallize insufficient, uneven microstructure, affect material property, when extrusion ratio is more than 80, increase extruding force frictional force, produce Inefficient.
In step (2), through great many of experiments and analysis, obtain preheating extrusion die temperature when being set to 400~450 DEG C, The microstructure form of product and good mechanical properties.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) being implemented by technical solutions according to the invention, method of operating is simple, it is simple to control, and improves casting A356 aluminium The consistency of alloy, refining grain size, refinement silicon phase, particle diameter average-size is 38 μm, significantly improves the mechanics of alloy Performance-tensile strength and elongation percentage.
(2) after alloy extrusion, it is uniform that alloy microstructure compares ingot casting, and thick dendrite disappears, and crystal grain substantially refines, Be conducive to increasing intercrystalline strengthening and the raising of plasticity.Fragility, the silicon of bodkin shape are broken mutually, refine, and reduce needle-like silicon mutually sharp The stress that end is formed is concentrated, and strengthens raising and the improvement of plasticity of the harmony of deformation, beneficially alloy strength.Meanwhile, close After gold extruding, pore, the casting flaw such as loose are by seam.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the aluminium alloy extruded structural representation of A356;
Fig. 2 is A356 aluminium alloy cast ingot low power displaing micro tissue topography;
Fig. 3 is A356 aluminium alloy cast ingot high power displaing micro tissue topography;
Fig. 4 is A356 aluminum alloy heat extruded bars low power displaing micro tissue topography;
Fig. 5 is A356 aluminum alloy heat extruded bars high power displaing micro tissue topography.
Wherein, 1-extrusion axis, 2-recipient, 3-dummy block, 4-resistive heater, the aluminium alloy extruded billet of 5-A356,6-heat Galvanic couple, 7-extrusion die chamber, 8-extrusion die, 9-A356 aluminum alloy extrusion section bar.
Detailed description of the invention
With detailed description of the invention the present invention carried out detailed operating instruction below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
The present invention uses hot extrusion method to carry out extruded to A356 aluminium alloy billet, and wherein extruding billet will casting by smelting furnace Ingot fusing, cast preparation.Related process parameters: fusion temperature and pouring temperature are 630~750 DEG C.Extruding billet diameter of phi 50~125mm, highly 50~450mm.
Extruded stock ingot car removes surface scale, removes surface impurity, puts into and be heated to uniform temperature in heating furnace, and be incubated one Fix time, carry out Homogenization Treatments.Now, alloying component is uniform, and resistance of deformation is relatively low, and alloy plasticity is good, yielding Processing.Related process parameters: extruding billet heating-up temperature is 400~450 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 2~8h.
As it is shown in figure 1, preheated extruding billet 5 is sent into rapidly utilization by extrusion axis 1 and dummy block 3 to add thermal resistance Silk 4 is preheating in the recipient 2 of uniform temperature, is expressed in the extrusion die 8 in extrusion die chamber 7, finally the most again Form A356 aluminum alloy extrusion section bar 9.Related process parameters: the extruding a diameter of Φ of billet 50~125, height is 50~450mm; Recipient temperature is 400~450 DEG C, and extrusion die temperature is 400~450 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 60~80, and extrusion speed is 5~10mm/s.
The specific embodiment of the present invention:
Embodiment 1
A356 aluminum alloy heat extrusion process, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation extruding billet: put into by commercialization A356 aluminium alloy cast ingot and be heated to 750 DEG C of fusings in resistance furnace, will close Gold liquid is poured in mould, and pouring temperature is 750 DEG C, casts out a diameter of 125mm, and height is the A356 aluminium of 100mm Alloy extrusion billet, car removes surface scale 1~2mm, removes surface impurity.
(2) pre-hot-extrusion billet, it is achieved the Homogenization Treatments of alloy, preheating temperature is 400 DEG C, temperature retention time 8h.Preheating Recipient, dummy block and extrusion die temperature are 450 DEG C.
(3) hot extrusion technique: put into by preheated extrusion die in extrusion die chamber, by preheated A356 extruded stock Ingot, dummy block squeeze into rapidly in preheated recipient and extrude.Extrusion ratio is 80, and extrusion speed is 5mm/s.
In the process, due to the shear action within the extruding of external force and alloy, microstructure before and after A356 is aluminium alloy extruded There is significantly change in pattern.As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, before extruding, there is the casting flaws such as pore in alloy cast ingot, alloy Solidified structure is the Si phase of thick dendrite and thick needle-like.As shown in Figure 4,5, after alloy extrusion, alloy microstructure Comparing ingot casting uniform, thick dendrite disappears, and crystal grain substantially refines, and is conducive to increasing intercrystalline strengthening and the raising of plasticity. Fragility, the silicon of bodkin shape are broken mutually, refine, and reduce the needle-like silicon most advanced and sophisticated stress formed mutually and concentrate, strengthen the coordination of deformation The raising of property, beneficially alloy strength and the improvement of plasticity.Meanwhile, after alloy extrusion, pore, the casting flaw quilt such as loose Seam.Mechanical property after A356 is aluminium alloy extruded relatively as cast condition increases substantially, as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment 2
A356 aluminum alloy heat extrusion process, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation extruding billet: put into by commercialization A356 aluminium alloy cast ingot and be heated to 650 DEG C of fusings in resistance furnace, will close Gold liquid is poured in mould, and pouring temperature is 650 DEG C, casts out the aluminium alloy extruded billet of A356 of a diameter of 125mm, Car removes surface scale 1~2mm, removes surface impurity.
(2) pre-hot-extrusion billet, it is achieved the Homogenization Treatments of alloy, preheating temperature is 480 DEG C, temperature retention time 2h.Preheating Recipient, dummy block and extrusion die temperature are 400 DEG C.
(3) hot extrusion technique: put into by preheated extrusion die in extrusion die chamber, by preheated A356 extruded stock Ingot, dummy block squeeze into rapidly in preheated recipient and extrude.Extrusion ratio is 60, and extrusion speed is 10mm/s.
Mechanical property after A356 is aluminium alloy extruded in the present embodiment 2 relatively as cast condition increases substantially, and tensile strength is 250MPa, Elongation percentage is 15%.
Embodiment 3
A356 aluminum alloy heat extrusion process, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation extruding billet: put into by commercialization A356 aluminium alloy cast ingot and be heated to 700 DEG C of fusings in resistance furnace, will close Gold liquid is poured in mould, and pouring temperature is 700 DEG C, casts out the aluminium alloy extruded billet of A356 of a diameter of 125mm, Car removes surface scale 1~2mm, removes surface impurity.
(2) pre-hot-extrusion billet, it is achieved the Homogenization Treatments of alloy, preheating temperature is 450 DEG C, temperature retention time 5h.Preheating Recipient, dummy block and extrusion die temperature are 430 DEG C.
(3) hot extrusion technique: put into by preheated extrusion die in extrusion die chamber, by preheated A356 extruded stock Ingot, dummy block squeeze into rapidly in preheated recipient and extrude.Extrusion ratio is 70, and extrusion speed is 8mm/s.
Mechanical property after A356 is aluminium alloy extruded in the present embodiment 3 relatively as cast condition increases substantially, and tensile strength is 241MPa, Elongation percentage is 18%.

Claims (9)

1. the aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation extruding billet: A356 aluminium alloy cast ingot is added heat fusing, then to make A356 aluminium alloy extruded in cast Billet, more aluminium alloy extruded for A356 billet is preheated and is incubated;
(2) hot extrusion: the A356 billet after preheating is transferred in warmed-up recipient, then utilizes extruder by base Ingot is expressed in extrusion die profile make extruded product.
2. the aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356 as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), A356 Aluminium alloy cast ingot heating fusion temperature and pouring temperature are 630~750 DEG C.
3. the aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356 as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), cast system Becoming after the aluminium alloy extruded billet of A356, cooling, car removes surface scale, removes surface impurity, carries out described pre-the most again Heat is also incubated.
4. the aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356 as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), A356 The preheating temperature of aluminium alloy extruded billet is 400~480 DEG C.
5. the aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356 as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), A356 The temperature retention time of aluminium alloy extruded billet is 2~8h.
6. the aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356 as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), recipient Preheating temperature is 400~450 DEG C.
7. the aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356 as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), extruding speed Degree is 5~10mm/s.
8. the aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356 as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), extrusion ratio It is 60~80.
9. the aluminium alloy extruded forming method of A356 as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), extrusion die Tool preheating temperature is 400~450 DEG C.
CN201610192451.9A 2016-03-30 2016-03-30 Extrusion forming method for A356 aluminum alloy Pending CN105855309A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107008763A (en) * 2017-05-22 2017-08-04 新疆源盛科技发展有限公司 A kind of extrusion process of aluminium alloy extrusions
CN107803407A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-03-16 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 A kind of automobile batteries bag framework thin-walled big cross section hollow profile production technology
CN110523799A (en) * 2019-08-28 2019-12-03 安徽金鹏住工有限公司 A kind of extrusion process of aluminium alloy door's window profile
CN112170528A (en) * 2020-09-17 2021-01-05 东莞市华昌铝业有限公司 Extrusion device and extrusion process for aluminum profile
CN112935000A (en) * 2021-01-26 2021-06-11 合肥实华管件有限责任公司 Ultrahigh-pressure thick-wall four-way forming process for hydrogen production device

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CN101109054A (en) * 2007-08-24 2008-01-23 吴小源 Leadless free cutting aluminum alloy material and manufacturing technique thereof
JP2009248188A (en) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-29 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd Extrusion method for metallic material
US20100051147A1 (en) * 2003-04-07 2010-03-04 The Society Of Japanese Aerospace Companies High-strength aluminum alloy extruded product exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance and method of manufacturing same
CN102397905A (en) * 2011-11-25 2012-04-04 沈阳工业大学 Hot extrusion forming method for hypereutectic Al-Si alloy

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US20100051147A1 (en) * 2003-04-07 2010-03-04 The Society Of Japanese Aerospace Companies High-strength aluminum alloy extruded product exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance and method of manufacturing same
CN101020981A (en) * 2007-03-26 2007-08-22 重庆大学 Mg-Zn-Mn alloy material with high Zn content
CN101109054A (en) * 2007-08-24 2008-01-23 吴小源 Leadless free cutting aluminum alloy material and manufacturing technique thereof
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107008763A (en) * 2017-05-22 2017-08-04 新疆源盛科技发展有限公司 A kind of extrusion process of aluminium alloy extrusions
CN107803407A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-03-16 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 A kind of automobile batteries bag framework thin-walled big cross section hollow profile production technology
CN107803407B (en) * 2017-10-31 2019-08-20 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 A kind of automobile batteries packet frame thin-walled big cross section hollow profile production technology
CN110523799A (en) * 2019-08-28 2019-12-03 安徽金鹏住工有限公司 A kind of extrusion process of aluminium alloy door's window profile
CN112170528A (en) * 2020-09-17 2021-01-05 东莞市华昌铝业有限公司 Extrusion device and extrusion process for aluminum profile
CN112935000A (en) * 2021-01-26 2021-06-11 合肥实华管件有限责任公司 Ultrahigh-pressure thick-wall four-way forming process for hydrogen production device
CN112935000B (en) * 2021-01-26 2023-07-14 合肥实华管件有限责任公司 Ultrahigh-pressure thick-wall four-way forming process for hydrogen production device

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