CN107475651A - Magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die and its casting extrusion shearing method - Google Patents
Magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die and its casting extrusion shearing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107475651A CN107475651A CN201710692699.6A CN201710692699A CN107475651A CN 107475651 A CN107475651 A CN 107475651A CN 201710692699 A CN201710692699 A CN 201710692699A CN 107475651 A CN107475651 A CN 107475651A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die, is combined by change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, equal channel angular mould and extruding drift, and change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, equal channel angular mould and the extruding drift are dismountable；The extruding drift, which is arranged on, to be become at the charging aperture of extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, and the equal channel angular mould installion is becoming extrusion ratio casting extrusion die discharge outlet；The extruding drift is " hourglass " shape, the inside die cavity for becoming extrusion ratio casting extrusion die forms the Vertical Channel of " funnel " shape, the inside die cavity passage of the equal channel angular mould and the lower planes of mould form corner, and corner is 0~90 °, and corner radius of corner is 3mm.Magnesium alloy after chill casting casing and the mould are assembled, is put after heating to forward extrusion is carried out on forging press, magnesium alloy grains can be achieved, obtained magnesium alloy rod cross-sectional grain is tiny, even tissue, and mechanical property is more superior.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to magnesium alloy cast field, is related to magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die and its casting-extruding-shearing work
Process.
Background technology
As people are more and more deep to the understanding of magnesium alloy, the application study of magnesium alloy has also just obtained the weight of height
Depending on the application study of magnesium alloy has been included in primary study project by many countries, and magnesium alloy is described as the metal of 21 century.
Magnesium alloy is had been widely used among many fields, such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, computer, communication, household electrical appliances and national defence industry
Deng.
A large amount of magnesium-alloy materials are mainly obtained by modes of production such as casting, semi-solid-state shapings at present, pass through plastic deformation
Magnesium-alloy material have higher intensity, more preferable ductility, more diversified mechanical property than cast article, can meet more
The demand of more structural members.But because magnesium is Patterns for Close-Packed Hexagonal Crystal structure, slip system is fewer, is not easy to carry out pressure processing to it,
Largely limit the application of magnesium alloy.Therefore, it is wider to magnesium-alloy material acquisition to carry out magnesium alloy plastic deformation research
General application has great importance.Strand plastic deformation is new technology developed in recent years, and the technique is exactly with casting
Blank replaces the various parts without cutting or only needing a small amount of machining of stocking production.The characteristics of technique is to combine casting
With the advantage of two kinds of technique of plastic deformation, while reach shaping and modified dual purpose.
Largely studied early stage in this seminar and on domestic and international existing Research foundation, have devised a kind of suitable magnesium conjunction
Novel casting-extruding-shears technique of gold extruding, research tool is carried out to the technique and is of great significance：
1. novel extrusion be based on maturation common extrusion process and can significantly crystal grain thinning wait channel pressings technique phase
With reference to and a kind of new fashion of extrusion for developing.New combined extrusion die saves significantly on the premise of experiment is realized
Experiment spending is saved.
2. the combination of casting-extruding-shears technique can notable crystal grain thinning, while improve the strong of extruded bar from magnesium alloy
Degree and plasticity.
3. the parameter of extrusion process has decisive role to the tissue and performance of extrusion bar, thus is necessary to study each
Affecting laws of the technological parameter to extrusion process and extruding result.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die, and its mould is utilized
Magnesium alloy cast-extruding-cutting method.By the way that to different extrusion ratios, the tissue of extrusion temperature and shear rotation angle is sampled
Observation and analysis, study the influence of different extrusion temperatures and different shearing inclinations to the microstructure of AZ31 magnesium alloys, analysis is begged for
By the dynamic recrystallization rule in extrusion process.Using a series of characterization method analysis and research magnesium alloy rods such as XRD and SEM
The change of texture and plastically deformed performance.Technological parameter is summarized in research includes room temperature microhardness to AZ31 magnesium alloy mechanical properties
With the influence of tensile property etc..
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
1st, magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die：
Combined by change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, equal channel angular mould and extruding drift, the change extrusion ratio
Casting extrusion die, equal channel angular mould and extruding drift are dismountable；The extruding drift is arranged on change extrusion ratio and poured
At the charging aperture for casting extrusion die, the equal channel angular mould installion is becoming extrusion ratio casting extrusion die discharge outlet；Institute
It is " hourglass " shape to state extruding drift, and the inside die cavity for becoming extrusion ratio casting extrusion die forms the vertical logical of " funnel " shape
Road, the inside die cavity passage of the equal channel angular mould and the lower planes of mould form corner, and corner is 0~90 °, is turned
Radius of corner is 3mm at angle.
Further, the corner is 30~60 °.
Further, a diameter of 70mm in upper surface of described " hourglass " shape, a diameter of 60mm in lower surface, " funnel " shape
Maximum gauge is 60mm, minimum diameter 16mm, a diameter of 16mm of the inside die cavity passage of the equal channel angular mould.
Further, the material of the magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die is H13 mould steel.
2nd, casting-extruding-cutting method of magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die, step are：
A, chill casting casing magnesium alloy；
B, using magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die, the magnesium alloy after chill casting casing is heated 3 at 350 DEG C~450 DEG C
More than hour, put rapidly to being extruded on forging press, fashion of extrusion is forward extrusion, and extrusion speed be 17~23mm/s, crowded
It is 315 DEG C~325 DEG C to press temperature, and squeeze pressure is 1600KN~2000KN.
Further, step a is specially：
1) low-carbon steel crucible is washed and be put into smelting furnace, insulation is until go to dehumidify at temperatures greater than room temperature
Gas；
2) weigh 0.7kg~1.5kg magnesium ingot and polish off the oxide layer of magnesium ingot table change, be put into low-carbon steel crucible and carry out
Melting, protective gas is passed through, its smelting temperature is controlled at 650 DEG C -670 DEG C；
3) after magnesium ingot dissolves, it is incubated 20min~1h；
4) scum silica frost on solution surface is removed；
5) melt stands 20min~1h after slagging-off at 650 DEG C, makes impurity sedimentation obtain standing melt；
6) extrusion ratio casting extrusion die bottom will be become with asbestos slag to clog；
7) will stand solution cast at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C it is cold admire casting mold, casting.
Further, the magnesium alloy is AZ31, AZ80 or AZ91.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：Magnesium alloy grains can be realized using sectional die, be magnesium alloy plasticity
Deformability improves.Using rational extrusion shearing technological parameter, the magnesium alloy rod of high-performance deformation can be prepared.It is specific next
Say：
1st, the factor such as the temperature range for combining extrusion process and strong friction of the invention, final choice H13 hot die steels,
Because H13 hot die steels are best suited for sectional die of the present invention：
1. there is high quenching degree and high toughness；2. excellent thermal crack resistant ability, water cooling can be given in workplace；③
The deformation of heat treatment is small.
As long as the 2nd, the present invention combines the corner die of different angle with same change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, with regard to energy
The equal channel angular experiment of different angle is realized, experiment expenditure is conveniently saved while experiment.
3rd, " hourglass " shape extruding drift of the invention is compared with the cylindrical type extruding drift of routine in the prior art, extruding punching
The contact area of head and mould inner wall greatly reduces, and is rubbed strongly with caused in knockout course so as to reduce extruding as far as possible
Resistance is wiped, the demoulding after the progress and extruding of extrusion process, improves mould utilization rate, relatively low experimental cost, realizing to extrude
It is combined with equal channel angular.
4th, after chill casting casing and follow-up extruding and equal channel angular shearing, obtained magnesium closes process of the invention
Golden bar cross-sectional grain is tiny, even tissue.
5th, using sectional die combination extrusion process of the present invention, the comprehensive mechanical property of obtained bar is relatively commonly extruded
It is more superior.
Brief description of the drawings
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, the present invention provides drawings described below and carried out
Explanation：
Fig. 1 is entire combination mould schematic diagram one of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is entire combination mould schematic diagram two of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the pictorial diagram of entire combination mould of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die schematic diagram of entire combination mould of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die pictorial diagram of entire combination mould of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the equal channel angular mould schematic diagram of entire combination mould of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the equal channel angular mould pictorial diagram of entire combination mould of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the extruding drift schematic diagram of entire combination mould of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is that pictorial diagram is rushed in entire combination mould of the present invention extruding；
Figure 10 is the magnesium alloy metallograph of 45 ° of angle of extruding；
Figure 11 is the hardness figure of different conditions magnesium alloy sample；
Figure 12 is the room temperature tensile load-deformation curve of different angle magnesium alloy sample.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
As shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 2, magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die 10, including become extrusion ratio casting extrusion die 20, etc. it is logical
Road corner die 30 and extruding drift 40, change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, equal channel angular mould and the extruding drift are
Removably.Mould pictorial diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
As shown in Figure 4,5, the inside die cavity for becoming extrusion ratio casting extrusion die 30 forms " funnel " shape Vertical Channel,
The maximum gauge of " funnel " shape is 60mm, minimum diameter 16mm, the maximum gauge and minimum diameter of " funnel " shape
The ratio between be 14.06.
As shown in Figure 6,7, the inside die cavity of the equal channel angular mould 40 forms corner passage, and corner is 30 ° of (Fig. 6
(a)), 45 ° (Fig. 6 (b)) and 60 ° (Fig. 6 (c)), corner radius of corner are 3mm.
As shown in Figure 8,9, it is " hourglass " shape to extrude drift 40.
Using casting-extruding-cutting method of above-mentioned magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die, step is：
1) low-carbon steel crucible is washed and be put into smelting furnace, insulation is until go to dehumidify at temperatures greater than room temperature
Gas；
2) weigh 0.7kg~1.5kg magnesium ingot and polish off the oxide layer of magnesium ingot table change, be put into low-carbon steel crucible and carry out
Melting, protective gas is passed through, its smelting temperature is controlled at 650 DEG C -670 DEG C；
3) after magnesium ingot dissolves, it is incubated 20min~1h；
4) scum silica frost on solution surface is removed；
5) melt stands 20min~1h after slagging-off at 650 DEG C, makes impurity sedimentation obtain standing melt；
6) extrusion ratio casting extrusion die bottom will be become with asbestos slag to clog；
7) will stand solution cast at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C it is cold admire casting mold, casting.
8) magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die is used, the magnesium alloy after chill casting casing is heated 3 at 350 DEG C~450 DEG C
More than hour, put rapidly to being extruded on forging press, fashion of extrusion is forward extrusion, and extrusion speed be 17~23mm/s, crowded
It is 315 DEG C~325 DEG C to press temperature, and squeeze pressure is 1600KN~2000KN.
The mold design of embodiment 1 and making
1st, the selection of mold materials
In order to realize control by processes such as comprehensive quick solidification, processing hardening, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallizations
The formation and development of Fine Texture of Material, make sample crystal grain refinement and improve the purpose of the performance of material, designed and produced a set of
Sectional mould.With reference to factors such as the temperature range of extrusion process and strong frictions, final choice H13 hot die steels (are changed
It as shown in table 1, is the steel grade for adding alloying element on the basis of carbon work steel and being formed to study point, unified digital code
T20502；Trade mark 4Cr5MoSiV1) material as mould.
The chemical composition of the H13 steel of table 1
2nd, mould structure design
Three components of sectional die, which are divided into, becomes extrusion ratio casting extrusion die (Fig. 4, Fig. 5), equal channel angular mould
(Fig. 6, Fig. 7) and extruding drift (Fig. 8, Fig. 9).
Become extrusion ratio casting structure of extrusion size as shown in figure 4, becoming the Vertical Channel of extrusion ratio casting extrusion die
Maximum gauge be 60mm, minimum diameter 16mm, that is, maximum extrusion ratio is about 14.06.Mould as can see from Figure 4
There is the casting inner chamber of one section of " funnel " type.The casting inner chamber of this part " funnel " type can study different extrusion ratios to experiment material
The influence of tissue and performance.
Equal channel angular die structure size as shown in fig. 6, corner be respectively 30 ° (Fig. 6 (a)), 45 ° (Fig. 6 (b)) and
60 ° (Fig. 6 (c)), corner radius of corner r are 3mm, in order to ensure isometrical angle corner extrusion, the internal diameter of corner die part with
The diameter for becoming extrusion ratio casting extrusion die discharging opening is identical all into 16mm.
The concrete structure size for extruding drift is as shown in Figure 8.Compared with cylindrical type extruding drift, drift and mould are extruded
The contact area of inwall greatly reduces, so as to reduce extruding and caused strong friction resistance in knockout course as far as possible.
As long as the equal channel angular mould of different angle is combined with same change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, then coordinate
Extrude accent, with regard to sectional die can be obtained, for example, Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b), Fig. 3 (c) be respectively 30 ° of equal channel angular moulds,
45 ° of equal channel angular moulds, 60 ° of equal channel angular moulds and same change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die and its extruding drift combination
Three kinds of obtained different sectional dies, the equal channel angular experiment of different angle can be realized.Saved while convenient experiment
Experiment expenditure.
The technological process of embodiment 2
1st, casting cycle
Equipment used in melting and experiment material have resistance furnace, low-carbon steel crucible, AZ31 magnesium ingots (the composition such as institute of table 2
Show), mould (casting mold and extruding), protective gas (CO2And SF6) etc..Specific melting and casting flow are as follows：
It is put into 1. first washing low-carbon steel crucible in smelting furnace, is incubated 5 minutes or so at 700 DEG C, goes to dehumidify
Gas；
2. weighing quantitative AZ31 magnesium ingots and polishing off the oxide layer of magnesium ingot table change, it is put into low-carbon steel crucible and is melted
Refining, is passed through protective gas, by the control of its smelting temperature between 650 DEG C -670 DEG C；
3. after AZ31 magnesium ingots dissolve, 30 minutes are incubated；
4. remove the scum silica frost on solution surface；
5. melt stands 30 minutes after slagging-off at 650 DEG C, impurity sedimentation is set to obtain standing melt；
6. it will become extrusion ratio casting extrusion die (casting mold) bottom with asbestos slag to clog；
7. will stand solution cast at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C of room temperature it is cold admire casting mold, casting, then carry out real in next step
Test.
The essential element mass fraction % of the AZ31 magnesium alloys of table 2
2nd, extruding and equal channel angular process
The extrusion experiment machine of extruding is 200t forging press, more than the extruding force scope (0KN~2000KN), then can not be squeezed
Go out.Auxiliary equipment has：Heat-treatment furnace.
Mould of the AZ31 magnesium ingots after chill casting casing together with required angle is all assembled.Add at a temperature of 350 DEG C
Hot 3.5h.Then put rapidly to carrying out extrusion experiment on forging press.Recipient diameter is that mould internal slot diameter is 60mm, extruding side
Formula is forward extrusion, and extrusion speed 20mm/s, actual extrusion temperature is between 315 DEG C~325 DEG C.
After chill casting casing and follow-up extruding and equal channel angular shearing, obtained AZ31 magnesium alloy rods cross section is brilliant
Tiny, the even tissue of grain.Exemplified by the bar extruded when 315 DEG C of -325 DEG C of lower angles are 45 °, metallographic as shown in Figure 10 is obtained
Photo.It can be seen that being squeezed the example cross section with shear action simultaneously, dynamic recrystallization is carried out completely, brilliant
Grain is tiny, and almost without long and narrow deformation big crystal grain, between 5 μm~20 μm, tissue is also evenly distributed crystallite dimension.
Figure 11 is to carry out micro-hardness testing to the sample that is handled under different conditions, takes the hardness of all measurements to be averaged
Value.As can be seen that with the increase of angle, the hardness of material is higher, and the trend that hardness increases is gradually reduced.
Figure 12 is that different angle obtains the room temperature tensile load-deformation curve of sample.This it appears that combine
The comprehensive mechanical property that technique more commonly extrudes the bar that (i.e. 0 ° in figure) obtains is more superior.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
Cross above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (7)
1. magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die, by change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, equal channel angular mould and extruding drift group
Conjunction forms, it is characterised in that change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, equal channel angular mould and the extruding drift are detachable
's；The extruding drift, which is arranged on, to be become at the charging aperture of extrusion ratio casting extrusion die, and the equal channel angular mould installion exists
Become extrusion ratio casting extrusion die discharge outlet；The extruding drift is " hourglass " shape, the change extrusion ratio casting extrusion die
Inside die cavity form the Vertical Channel of " funnel " shape, the inside die cavity passage of the equal channel angular mould and mould up and down
Plane forms corner, and corner is 0~90 °, and corner radius of corner is 3mm.
2. magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the corner is 30~60 °.
3. magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the upper surface of " hourglass " shape is straight
Footpath is 70mm, a diameter of 60mm in lower surface, and the maximum gauge of " funnel " shape is 60mm, minimum diameter 16mm, described etc.
A diameter of 16mm of the inside die cavity passage of channel corner mould.
4. magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the magnesium alloy extrusion combined type mould
The material of tool is H13 mould steel.
5. using casting-extruding-cutting method of any described magnesium alloy extrusion sectional dies of claim 1-4, it is special
Sign is that step is：
A, chill casting casing magnesium alloy；
B, using magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die, the magnesium alloy after chill casting casing is heated 3 hours at 350 DEG C~450 DEG C
More than, put rapidly to being extruded on forging press, fashion of extrusion is forward extrusion, and extrusion speed is 17~23mm/s, extruding temperature
Spend for 315 DEG C~325 DEG C, squeeze pressure is 1600KN~2000KN.
6. utilize casting-extruding-cutting method of the magnesium alloy extrusion sectional die described in claim 5, it is characterised in that
The step a is specially：
1) low-carbon steel crucible is washed and be put into smelting furnace, insulation is until remove moisture at temperatures greater than room temperature；
2) weigh 0.7kg~1.5kg magnesium ingot and polish off the oxide layer of magnesium ingot table change, be put into low-carbon steel crucible and melted
Refining, is passed through protective gas, and its smelting temperature is controlled at 650 DEG C -670 DEG C；
3) after magnesium ingot dissolves, it is incubated 20min~1h；
4) scum silica frost on solution surface is removed；
5) melt stands 20min~1h after slagging-off at 650 DEG C, makes impurity sedimentation obtain standing melt；
6) extrusion ratio casting extrusion die bottom will be become with asbestos slag to clog；
7) will stand solution cast at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C it is cold admire casting mold, casting.
7. casting-extruding-cutting method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the magnesium alloy is AZ31, AZ80
Or AZ91.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109022847A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-18 | 西南大学 | A kind of composite preparation process of High-performance Magnesium Rare-earth Alloys |
| CN109666818A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-23 | 中北大学 | A kind of preparation method that carbon material is integrated with aluminium alloy compound |
| CN112831737A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 长沙理工大学 | Magnesium alloy processing method for improving high-temperature creep property |
| CN112853186A (en) * | 2021-01-10 | 2021-05-28 | 沈阳工业大学 | Fine-grain high-toughness wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109022847A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-18 | 西南大学 | A kind of composite preparation process of High-performance Magnesium Rare-earth Alloys |
| CN109022847B (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-06-16 | 西南大学 | Composite preparation method of high-performance rare earth magnesium alloy |
| CN109666818A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-23 | 中北大学 | A kind of preparation method that carbon material is integrated with aluminium alloy compound |
| CN112831737A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 长沙理工大学 | Magnesium alloy processing method for improving high-temperature creep property |
| CN112831737B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-12-17 | 长沙理工大学 | Magnesium alloy processing method for improving high-temperature creep property |
| CN112853186A (en) * | 2021-01-10 | 2021-05-28 | 沈阳工业大学 | Fine-grain high-toughness wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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