CN112909512A - Ultra-wideband antenna and antenna array - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband antenna and antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN112909512A CN112909512A CN202110170459.6A CN202110170459A CN112909512A CN 112909512 A CN112909512 A CN 112909512A CN 202110170459 A CN202110170459 A CN 202110170459A CN 112909512 A CN112909512 A CN 112909512A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-wideband antenna and an antenna array, comprising: a reference ground metal plate, 4 same sub-metal structure units arranged on the reference ground metal plate and arranged at equal intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction, and 4 feed structures; the sub-metal structural unit includes: 1 first metal structure spare that extends along the horizontal direction, 2 second metal structure spares that extend along vertical direction, 2 second metal structure spares and first metal structure spare lug connection, 1 second metal structure spare is connected with reference ground metal sheet, adds a feed structure between another second metal structure spare and the reference ground metal sheet. Arranging 4 sub-metal structure units which are arranged at equal intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction and adding a plurality of grounding points, and applying differential feed with the phase difference of 180 degrees to the two oppositely arranged sub-metal structure units, and simultaneously enabling the 4 sub-metal structure units to have a coupling effect to form the ultra-wideband antenna; in addition, the radiation gain and the antenna bandwidth are increased, and the miniaturization effect is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of design of ultra-wideband antenna structures, in particular to an ultra-wideband antenna and an antenna array.
Background
With the continuous expansion of communication frequency bands and the improvement of the integration level of various functional modules in the system, the demand for miniaturized broadband antennas is higher and higher, and the design is more and more challenging.
For example, in the field of satellite communications and navigation, GNSS systems and SDARS systems, which are both communicating via circularly polarized waves, are often discussed together. The GNSS systems mainly include the famous navigation systems such as GPS in the united states, Galileo in europe, GLONASS in russia, and beidou system in china, and the frequency bands thereof are centered at 1.1G to 1.6G, and the used circularly polarized wave is right-handed circularly polarized wave (RHCP). The SDARS system is short for satellite digital audio broadcasting service, and the frequency band of the SDARS system is 2.32G to 2.345G, and the used circularly polarized wave is a left-handed circularly polarized wave (LHCP). When the two are integrated into one antenna design, because the two frequency bands are far apart, the design of the circularly polarized antenna containing the GNSS and the SDARS frequency bands is a difficult problem at present, or only a part of the frequency bands (such as 1.56G-1.6G) and the SDARS frequency bands in the GNSS can be selected. At present, in order to cover the frequency bands of GNSS and SDARS, the idea of separate and independent design is mainly adopted, which increases the space size of the antenna system design. Meanwhile, the existing GNSS and SDARS antennas mostly use a patch antenna mainly made of a high-cost ceramic material, and under the condition of the same size, the use of a low-cost low-dielectric-constant material is also required.
For example, in 5G (5 th generation mobile communication technology) applications, the introduction of millimeter wave bands is a big highlight. The current millimeter wave band is mainly concentrated on 24.5G-29.5G (such as n257, n258 and n261) and 37.5G-42.5G (such as n 260). Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirements of coverage rate and gain, the millimeter wave antenna mostly adopts an array design and a spatially orthogonal dual polarized wave mode. In the development of terminal equipment, how to design an ultra-wideband dual-polarized antenna containing the above-mentioned bands and modes simultaneously becomes a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-wideband antenna and an antenna array, which are used to solve the problem of the prior art that the ultra-wideband antenna is limited in miniaturization in the field of satellite communication and navigation and/or mobile communication.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband antenna, comprising: a reference ground metal plate, 4 identical sub-metal structure units and 4 feed structures;
4 identical sub-metal structural units are arranged on the reference ground metal plate, and the 4 identical sub-metal structural units are arranged at equal intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction;
each of the sub-metal structural units includes: the power supply device comprises 1 first metal structural part extending along the horizontal direction, 2 second metal structural parts extending along the vertical direction and arranged at intervals, wherein one end of each of the 2 second metal structural parts is directly connected with the first metal structural part, the other end of each of the 1 second metal structural parts is connected with a reference ground metal plate, and one power feed structure is added between the other end of each of the other second metal structural parts and the reference ground metal plate;
each sub-metal structure unit has a coupling effect with the rest 3 sub-metal structure units;
the 2 sub-metal structure units which are oppositely arranged form a group of sub-antennas, the 4 sub-metal structure units form 2 groups of sub-antennas, and the 2 feed structures of each group of sub-antennas apply differential feed with the phase difference of 180 degrees.
Optionally, an absolute value of a feeding phase difference between 2 feeding structures of 2 adjacent sub-metal structure units is 90 °, so that the ultra-wideband antenna radiates left-handed circularly polarized waves or right-handed circularly polarized waves.
Optionally, the ultra-wideband antenna for radiating right-hand circularly polarized waves is a GNSS antenna, and the ultra-wideband antenna for radiating left-hand circularly polarized waves is an SDARS antenna.
Optionally, the 4 feed structures are connected to a feed network, the feed network includes 2 5-port microwave networks, and absolute values of differences between transmission phases of an output/input port of each 5-port microwave network and 4 input/output ports connected to the ultra-wideband antenna are 0 °, 80 ° to 100 °, 170 ° to 190 °, and 260 ° to 280 °, respectively.
Optionally, the microwave network is a 4-phase coupler or a functional network formed by designing inductance and capacitance components.
Optionally, the microwave network is a functional network formed by microstrip line or stripline design.
Optionally, the feed network includes a combining or power dividing functional network.
Optionally, the combining or power dividing functional network is formed by a microstrip line or a stripline with matching branches.
Optionally, the first metal structural part is in a shape with an arc and/or a bend, and the second metal structural part is in a shape with an arc and/or a bend.
Optionally, one end of the first metal structural member near the circumferential center position has a width gradually decreasing along a radial direction of the first metal structural member toward the center position.
Optionally, 4 of said first metallic structures constitute a propeller-like structure rotating in a clockwise direction or in a counter-clockwise direction.
Optionally, one end of the first metal structural member near the circumferential center position is provided with a trapezoidal shape.
Optionally, the second metal structural member is cylindrical.
Optionally, the ultra-wideband antenna further includes a third metal structural member, and the third metal structural member is disposed on the reference ground metal plate and electrically connected thereto, so as to perform an impedance matching function.
Optionally, the third metal structural part is respectively disposed on the peripheral sides and/or the central positions of the peripheral sides of the 4 sub-metal structural units.
Optionally, the number of the third metal structural members disposed on the peripheral side of each of the sub-metal structural units is 1 or 2.
Optionally, the third metal structural member is in the shape of a cube.
Optionally, the ultra-wideband antenna further includes a metal wall, and 4 sub-metal structure units are located in a metal cavity structure formed by the metal wall and the reference ground metal plate, and the metal wall and the reference ground metal plate are electrically connected or not electrically connected.
Optionally, in each sub-metal structure unit, a parasitic unit is disposed on one side of the second metal structure member, where the second metal structure member is added to the feed structure, the parasitic unit is directly connected to the reference ground metal plate and extends in the vertical direction to form an inverted L shape, and the parasitic unit and the second metal structure member are coupled to excite a new resonant frequency.
The invention also provides an ultra-wideband antenna array, which comprises the ultra-wideband antenna as described above, and the ultra-wideband antennas are arranged in an array.
Optionally, the ultra-wideband antenna array is a one-dimensional antenna array, wherein an absolute value of an included angle between a central axis of each sub-antenna of each ultra-wideband antenna and an arrangement direction of the one-dimensional antenna array is 45 °.
As described above, the present invention of the present invention provides an ultra-wideband antenna and an antenna array, in the structure proposed by the present invention, 4 sub-metal structure units are arranged at equal intervals of 90 ° along the circumferential direction, and by applying differential feeding with a phase difference of 180 ° to the 2 sub-metal structure units arranged oppositely, the 4 sub-metal structure units have a coupling effect, thereby changing the electric field distribution at the circumferential center position of each group of sub-antennas, exciting a new low-frequency resonance mode, forming an ultra-wideband antenna, and when one group of sub-antennas is excited, the other group of sub-antennas acts as a parasitic element structure through a coupling effect, thereby having an effect of widening the low-frequency bandwidth, and simultaneously, because of the flow of current on the parasitic element structure, and the parasitic current is parallel to the excitation current, under the condition that the isolation between the two groups of sub-antennas is not affected, the radiation effective area of the whole ultra-wideband antenna is increased, increasing the radiation gain. In addition, through the electric connection of the second metal structural parts and the reference ground metal plate, the resonance size of the ultra-wideband antenna is reduced, and the capacitance effect of the first metal structural parts is compensated due to the inductance effect of the ultra-wideband antenna, so that the effect of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention, in which a first metal structural member has a trapezoidal portion.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention, wherein the second metal structural member has a bending portion.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention, wherein a parasitic element is disposed on one side of the second metal structure element, which is added to the feeding structure, in each sub-metal structure element.
Fig. 4 is a schematic partial structure diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a sub-metal structural unit is shown.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which 4 first metal structural members, such as a dashed box a, form a propeller-like structure.
Fig. 6 is a simulated return loss diagram of a GNSS antenna and an SDARS antenna in an ultra-wideband antenna according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing simulated total efficiency of GNSS antenna and SDARS antenna in the ultra-wideband antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows simulated gain and directivity patterns of a GNSS antenna in an ultra-wideband antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, where the center frequency of the L2 band is located in the x-z plane.
Fig. 9 shows simulated gain and directivity patterns of a GNSS antenna in an ultra-wideband antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, where the center frequency of the L1 band is located in the x-z plane.
Fig. 10 shows simulated gain and directivity patterns of an SDARS antenna in an ultra-wideband antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, where the frequency band center frequency is in the x-z plane.
Fig. 11 is a graph showing simulated axial ratio performance of the GNSS antenna and the SDARS antenna in the ultra-wideband antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a feeding network of an ultra-wideband antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an actual structure of a feeding network of an ultra-wideband antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a graph showing simulated loss of the GNSS antenna band and the SDARS antenna band, the feed network transmission line in the ultra-wideband antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a diagram showing simulated transmission phase characteristics of a feed network transmission line for an SDARS antenna band in an ultra-wideband antenna according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 16 is a diagram showing simulated transmission phase characteristics of a GNSS antenna band and a feeding network transmission line in an ultra-wideband antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a diagram showing a simulated return loss of a system in which a GNSS antenna and an SDARS antenna in an ultra-wideband antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention are combined with a corresponding feed network.
Fig. 18 is a diagram showing the total efficiency of the system simulation after combining the GNSS antenna and the SDARS antenna in the ultra-wideband antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention with the corresponding feed networks.
Fig. 19 shows simulated gain and directional patterns of the center frequency of the L2 band in the GNSS antenna in the ultra-wideband antenna and the SDARS antenna in the system after combining with the corresponding feed network, in the x-z plane.
Fig. 20 shows simulated gain and directional patterns of the center frequency of the L1 band in the GNSS antenna in the ultra-wideband antenna and the SDARS antenna in the system after combining with the corresponding feed network, in the x-z plane.
Fig. 21 shows simulated gain and directional diagrams of the frequency band center frequency of the SDARS antenna in the system after the GNSS antenna and the SDARS antenna in the ultra-wideband antenna are combined with the corresponding feed networks in the x-z plane according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a diagram showing simulated axial ratio performance of a system in which a GNSS antenna and an SDARS antenna in an ultra-wideband antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention are combined with a corresponding feed network.
Fig. 23 is a schematic view of a partial structure of an ultra-wideband antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a sub-metal structural unit is shown.
Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which 2 sub-metal structural units are oppositely disposed to form a group of sub-antennas.
Fig. 25 is a simulated return loss diagram of the ultra-wideband antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention in the frequency band.
Fig. 26 is a graph showing simulated total efficiency of the ultra-wideband antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention in its frequency band.
Fig. 27 is a graph showing simulated gain performance of the ultra-wideband antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention in the frequency band.
Fig. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna array according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna array simulation in a metal structure simulated by a mobile phone according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Figure 30 is a graph showing the isolation between the ultra-wideband antennas of the ultra-wideband antenna array of figure 29.
Fig. 31 is a graph showing the total efficiency of the ultra-wideband antenna array in fig. 29 when the array scanning angle of the ultra-wideband antenna array is in the range of 0 ° to 60 ° at the frequency of 28G.
Fig. 32 is a graph showing the total efficiency of the ultra-wideband antenna array in fig. 29, when the frequency is 39G, and the array scanning angle of the ultra-wideband antenna array is in the range of 0 ° to 60 °.
Fig. 33 is a graph of the gain performance of the ultra-wideband antenna array at the frequency of 28G in fig. 29 during array scanning.
Fig. 34 is a graph showing the gain performance of the ultra-wideband antenna array at the frequency of 39G in fig. 29 during array scanning.
Description of the element reference numerals
10 reference ground metal plate
11 seed metal structural unit
111 first metal structure
112 second metal structural part
113 bending part
114 trapezoidal section
115 parasitic element
12 feed structure
13 sub-antenna
14 feed network
1415 Port microwave network
142 port
143 matched branches
144 synthesis or power division function network
145-1, 145-2, 145-3, 145-4 first transmission lines
146-1, 146-2, 146-3, 146-4 second transmission line path
15 third metallic structural part
16 metal wall
17 metal cavity structure
18 medium
19 simulation mobile phone metal structure
20 one-dimensional ultra-wideband antenna array
21 ultra-wideband antenna
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1 to fig. 32. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband antenna, comprising: a reference ground metal plate 10, 4 identical sub-metallic structure elements 11 and 4 feed structures 12;
4 identical sub-metal structural units 11 are arranged on the reference ground metal plate 10, and the 4 identical sub-metal structural units 11 are arranged at equal intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction;
each of the sub-metal structural units 11 includes: 1 first metal structural part 111 extending along the horizontal direction, 2 second metal structural parts 112 extending along the vertical direction and arranged at intervals, wherein one end of each of the 2 second metal structural parts 112 is directly connected with the first metal structural part 111, the other end of each of the 1 second metal structural parts 112 is connected with the reference ground metal plate 10, and one feeding structure 12 is added between the other end of each of the other second metal structural parts 112 and the reference ground metal plate 10;
each sub-metal structure unit 11 and the remaining 3 sub-metal structure units 11 have a coupling effect, specifically, a coupling effect occurs between each sub-metal structure unit 11 and the remaining 3 sub-metal structure units 11 through structural parameters such as a distance and a shape of the first metal structural member 111;
the 2 sub-metal structure units 11 oppositely arranged form a group of sub-antennas 13, the 4 sub-metal structure units 11 form 2 groups of sub-antennas 13, and the 2 feeding structures 12 of each group of sub-antennas 13 apply differential feeding with a phase difference of 180 degrees.
According to the structure provided by the invention, 4 sub-metal structure units 11 which are arranged at equal intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction are arranged, differential feeding with the phase difference of 180 degrees is applied to the 2 sub-metal structure units 11 which are oppositely arranged, meanwhile, the 4 sub-metal structure units 11 have a coupling effect, the electric field distribution at the circumferential central position of each group of sub-antennas 13 is changed, a new low-frequency resonance mode is excited, an ultra-wideband antenna is formed, when one group of sub-antennas 13 is excited, the other group of sub-antennas 13 is used as a parasitic unit structure through the coupling effect, the effect of widening the low-frequency bandwidth is achieved, meanwhile, as the currents on the parasitic unit structure flow and are parallel to the exciting currents, the overall radiation effective area of the ultra-wideband antenna is increased under the condition that the isolation degree of the two groups of sub-antennas 13 is not influenced, and the radiation gain is increased. In addition, through the electrical connection between the plurality of second metal structural members 112 and the reference ground metal plate 10, the resonance size of the ultra-wideband antenna is reduced, and the capacitance effect of the plurality of first metal structural members 111 is compensated due to the inductance effect, thereby playing a role in increasing the bandwidth of the antenna. It should be noted here that the first metal structural part 111 extends in the horizontal direction, which means that the overall trend of the first metal structural part 111 is towards the horizontal direction, so the present invention does not limit the shape of the first metal structural part 111 as long as the overall trend is along the horizontal direction, for example, the first metal structural part 111 may be completely horizontal (as shown in fig. 1), may have a curvature along the vertical direction, may have a portion of the curvature, such as the trapezoid part 114 in fig. 2 or the entire first metal structural part 111, or may have a bend along the vertical direction on the first metal structural part 111. The second metal structural part 112 extends in the vertical direction, which means that the overall trend of the second metal structural part 112 is towards the vertical direction, the present invention does not limit the shape of the second metal structural part 112 as long as the overall trend is along the vertical direction, for example, the second metal structural part 112 may be a completely vertical shape (as shown in fig. 1), may have a radian along the horizontal direction, may have a part of the radian or the whole first metal structural part 111 has the radian, or may be provided with a bend along the horizontal direction on the second metal structural part 112, such as the bend 113 in fig. 2.
The distance between the 2 sub-metal structure units 11 of the 2 groups of sub-antennas 13 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and can be set to be the same (as shown in fig. 1) or different according to needs.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, as an example, a width of one end of the first metal structure 111 near the circumferential center position is gradually reduced in a direction from a radial direction of the first metal structure 111 to the center position; preferably, one end of the first metal structure 111 near the circumferential center is provided with a trapezoidal shape, such as the trapezoidal portion 114 in fig. 1 to 3, and as shown in fig. 2, the trapezoidal portion 114 has a curvature in the vertical direction. One end of the first metal structural member 111 close to the circumferential center is set to have a width gradually reduced, so that the distance between the four sub-metal structural units 11 can be effectively shortened, and the coupling effect between the 4 sub-metal structural units 11 is improved. It can be seen that the first metal structure 111 may be provided with another shape at its end near the circumferential center position to shorten the distance between the four sub-metal structure units 11. Further, as a preferred example, as shown in fig. 5, 4 first metal structural members 111 constitute a propeller-like structure rotating in a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction.
The shape of the second metal structure 112 is not limited, and may be, for example, a flat sheet structure or a columnar structure. As shown in fig. 5, the second metal structure 112 is preferably a cylindrical structure to facilitate the production process.
As shown in fig. 5, as an example, the absolute value of the feeding phase difference between the 2 feeding structures 12 of the adjacent 2 sub-metal structure units 11 may be set to 90 °, that is, the absolute value of the feeding phase difference between the adjacent two sub-metal structure units 11 in the 2 groups of sub-antennas 13 may be set to 90 °, so that the ultra-wideband antenna radiates left-hand circular polarized waves or right-hand circular polarized waves, thereby providing a possibility for the integration of left-hand circular polarized antennas and right-hand circular polarized antennas. Based on this structure, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, a feed network 14 may be designed, where the feed network 14 includes 2 5-port 142 microwave networks 141, and absolute values of differences between transmission phases of an output/input port of each microwave network 141 and 4 input/output ports connected to the ultra-wideband antenna are 0 °, 80 ° to 100 °, 170 ° to 190 °, and 260 ° to 280 °, respectively. The feed network further includes a combining or power dividing functional network 144 to implement signal combining or power dividing, and as an example, the combining or power dividing functional network 144 is formed by a microstrip line or a stripline with a matching branch 143.
By way of example, the microwave network 141 may be any existing functional network that can combine linearly polarized signals into circularly polarized signals or can divide circularly polarized signals into linearly polarized signals. For example, the microwave network 141 may be a 4-phase coupler, a functional network designed by inductance and capacitance components, or a functional network designed by microstrip lines or stripline, which is not limited herein.
As shown in fig. 5, the ultra-wideband antenna further includes a third metal structure 15, and the third metal structure 15 is disposed on the reference ground metal plate 10 and electrically connected thereto, and performs an impedance matching function. The shape, the installation position, and other parameters of the third metal structural member 15 are not limited herein, and are specifically designed according to the actual situation according to the impedance matching function that needs to be achieved. In this embodiment, the third metal structural members 15 may be respectively disposed on the peripheral sides of the 4 sub-metal structural units 11 and/or the central position in the peripheral direction, that is, the third metal structural members 15 may be respectively disposed only on the peripheral sides of the 4 sub-metal structural units 11, may be disposed only on the central position in the peripheral direction, or may be disposed on both the peripheral sides of the 4 sub-metal structural units 11 and the central position in the peripheral direction. Here, the shape of the third metal structural member 15 disposed at the central position and the shape of the third metal structural member 15 disposed on the peripheral side of the sub-metal structural unit 11 are set according to specific impedance matching requirements, and may be the same or different; preferably, the number of the third metal structural members 15 disposed on the peripheral side of each sub-metal structural unit 11 may be 1 or 2; further, the positional relationship between the third metal structural part 15 disposed on the peripheral side of the sub-metal structural unit 11 and the corresponding sub-metal structural unit 11 is the same, that is, the positional relationship between each sub-metal structural unit 11 and the third metal structural part 15 on the peripheral side thereof is the same; still further, when the number of the third metal structural members 15 disposed on the peripheral side of each sub-metal structural unit 11 is 1, the 4 third metal structural members 15 on the peripheral side of the 4 sub-metal structural units 11 are the same-structure third metal structural members 15 and have the same positional relationship with the corresponding third metal structural members 15, and when the number of the third metal structural members 15 disposed on the peripheral side of each sub-metal structural unit 11 is 2, the structures of the 2 third metal structural members 15 may be the same or different, but the 4 third metal structural members 15 on the peripheral side of the sub-metal structural units 11 are the same-structure 2 third metal structural members 15 and have the same positional relationship with the corresponding third metal structural members 15. As shown in fig. 23 and 24, the ultra-wideband antenna may further include a metal wall 16, wherein 4 sub-metal structure units 11 are located in a metal cavity structure 17 formed by the metal wall 16 and the reference ground metal plate 10, and the metal wall 16 and the reference ground metal plate 10 are electrically connected or not electrically connected.
As shown in fig. 3, as an example, in each sub-metallic structure unit 11, a parasitic unit 115 is disposed on one side of the second metallic structure 112 added to the feeding structure 12, and the parasitic unit 115 is directly connected to the reference ground metallic plate 10 and extends in the vertical direction, and has an inverted L shape, that is, the parasitic unit 115 includes a vertical portion in the vertical direction and a horizontal portion in the horizontal direction, and the parasitic unit 115 is coupled with the second metallic structure 112 (here, the second metallic structure 112 refers to the second metallic structure 112 added to the feeding structure 12) to excite a new resonant frequency, so as to widen the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna.
An ultra-wideband antenna array can be formed based on the ultra-wideband antenna, so that the ultra-wideband antennas are arranged in an array.
The ultra-wideband antenna and antenna array of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and corresponding embodiments, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The ultra-wideband antenna capable of implementing GNSS L1, L2 and SDARS functions in this embodiment, by the ultra-miniaturized wideband antenna of this embodiment, the right-handed circular polarized wave antenna function in GNSS L1(1.56G to 1.605G) band, L2(1.2G to 1.26G) band and the left-handed circular polarized wave receiving function in SDARS 2.32G to 2.45G band are implemented at the same time. The integration level and the space utilization rate of the system are improved; meanwhile, different from a design method that the traditional patch antenna adopts high-cost and high-dielectric-constant ceramic as a dielectric material, the embodiment adopts a low-cost and low-dielectric-constant 4 plastic material under the condition of keeping the same antenna size, the requirement of a low-frequency 1.2G frequency band is also met, and the miniaturization function is indirectly realized.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the ultra-wideband antenna of the present embodiment, the size of the reference ground metal plate 10 is 7cm by 7 cm. The ultra-wideband antenna further comprises a medium 18, wherein the medium 18 covers 4 sub-metal structure units 11, the material of the medium 18 is a plastic material with a dielectric constant of 4, and can also be other materials with low dielectric constants, and the size of the medium is 6.2cm by 1.1cm without limitation.
4 same sub-metal structure units 11 rotate clockwise to form a propeller-like structure, and while the 4 sub-metal structure units 11 are arranged at equal intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction, each sub-metal structure unit 11 rotates 90 degrees around the circumferential direction and is superposed with the other 3 sub-metal structure units 11. One of the second metal structural members 112 is a copper cylinder, has a diameter of 5mm and a height of 1.1cm, passes through the medium 18 made of a plastic material, and is directly connected with the first metal structural member 111, and the lower end of the second metal structural member is connected with the reference ground metal plate 10; the other second metal structure member 112 is a vertical plate structure and is directly electrically connected to the first metal structure member 111, and the feeding point of the feeding structure 12 is applied between the other second metal structure member 112 and the reference ground metal plate 10.
The feeding points of the feeding structures 12 of the two oppositely arranged sub-metallic structure elements 11 apply differential feeding with a phase difference of 180 °. When the phases of the 4 feed structures 12 in the clockwise direction are sequentially different by 90 °, that is, the phases in the clockwise direction are sequentially 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, the ultra-wideband antenna receives right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) waves and is used for GNSS communication. When the phases of the 4 feed structures 12 in the counterclockwise direction are sequentially different by 90 °, that is, the phases in the counterclockwise direction are sequentially 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, the ultra-wideband antenna receives a left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) wave and is used for SDARS communication.
Four third metal structural members 15 with the size of 7mm × 5mm are placed on four corners of the reference ground metal plate 10, which is equivalent to that the four third metal structural members 15 are respectively arranged on one side of the 4 sub-metal structural units 11, and each third metal structural member 15 is electrically connected with the reference ground metal plate 10, so that the function of adjusting impedance matching is achieved. In the present embodiment, the third metal structural part 15 is designed in the shape of a cube.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, a graph of simulated S-parameters and simulated total efficiency of the ultra-wideband antenna is shown. The efficiency of the GNSS L1 frequency band is in the interval of-1.8 to-2 dB; the efficiency of the GNSS L2 frequency band is in the range of-0.7 to-0.9 dB; the efficiency of the SDARS frequency band is in the range of-1.6 to 1.95 dB. As shown in fig. 8-10, simulated gain and pattern of the GNSS antenna and SDARS antenna in x-z plane (the coordinate system please refer to the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system in fig. 5) are shown. At the center frequency of the GNSS L2 frequency band, 1.235G, the maximum gain of the right-hand circularly polarized wave in the zenith direction is 3.29 dBi; at the center frequency of the GNSS L1 frequency band, 1.575G, the maximum gain of the right-hand circular polarization in the zenith direction is 3.79 dBi; the left-hand circularly polarized wave maximum gain in zenith orientation was 6.58dBi at the center frequency of the SDARS band at 2.332G. The gain performance meets the requirements of practical use.
Due to the symmetry of the ultra-wideband antenna of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the axial ratios of the GNSS RHCP waves and SDARS LHCP have good performance, and are all close to 0dB in simulation, and from-50 ° to 50 °, the axial ratio values are all below 2 dB.
As shown in fig. 12, in order to design the feeding network 14 for the ultra-wideband antenna of the present embodiment, in practical design, the second metal structure 112 of each sub-metal structure unit 11 is electrically connected to the feeding network 14 below the reference ground metal plate 10 through a metal structure. The feed network structure and the connection mode with the sub-metal structure unit are that the feed network is isolated from the sub-metal structure unit through the reference ground metal plate, which is beneficial to the isolation of the antenna and the feed network 14 and reduces mutual interference. As shown in fig. 12, after receiving the signal of each sub-metallic structure unit 11, the feeding network 14 is divided into two paths through the duplexer structure (i.e., the power division function network 144), where the first transmission line paths are 145-1, 145-2, 145-3, and 145-4, the second transmission line paths are 146-1, 146-2, 146-3, and 146-4, the first transmission line paths are merged with the microwave network 141 at the lower right corner, and in this embodiment, the microwave network 141 is selected to be a four-phase coupler, and is used to receive the left polarization signal in the SDARS band; the second transmission line path is merged with the microwave network 141 at the upper left corner, and in the present embodiment, the microwave network 141 is selected as a four-phase coupler for receiving the right-hand polarization signal of the GNSS frequency band. The four-phase coupler uses microwave devices that are available on the market.
As shown in fig. 13, according to the feeding network design of fig. 12, a dual-layer PCB feeding network structure as shown in fig. 13 is proposed, the length and width of the PCB is 8cm × 8cm, the dielectric material is a PTFE ceramic material with Dk of Rogers being 4 and Df being 0.003, and the dielectric thickness is 2 mm. Since the feed network is designed symmetrically along the diagonal B, we only list the simulated structures of 145-1, 145-4, 146-1, 146-4 to verify the present feed network design.
The simulation results are shown in fig. 14 to 16, in fig. 14, in the GNSS antenna and the SDARS antenna frequency bands, the transmission line loss is basically below 1dB, and the difference is within 0.2 dB; in fig. 15, the transmission phase characteristics of 145-1, 145-4 are maintained within 3 ° in the SDARS antenna frequency band; in FIG. 16, the transmission phase characteristics of 146-1 and 146-4 are maintained within 10 ° in the L1 and L2 bands of the GNSS antenna. Regardless of amplitude characteristics or phase characteristics, all branches of the feed network have high consistency, so that the axial ratio characteristics of the circularly polarized antenna are ensured.
The overall system simulation effect of the ultra-wideband antenna and the feeding network combined with the present embodiment is shown in fig. 17 to 22. In fig. 17 and 18, the return loss of the GNSS antenna and the return loss of the SDARS antenna are both below-15 dB, and the total efficiency is basically above-3 dB; fig. 19 and 20 show the radiation pattern and gain performance of the GNSS antenna RHCP, and fig. 21 shows the radiation pattern and gain performance of the SDARS antenna LHCP, both of which are above 2dBi, and basically meet the actual requirements; FIG. 22 shows the axial ratio performance of the RHCP and the LHCP of the SDARS antenna, wherein the axial ratio of the RHCP and the LHCP is between-50 and 50 degrees, the AR axial ratio is below 5dB, and the good axial ratio performance is shown.
Example 2
The ultra-wideband antenna of the embodiment is used for an ultra-wideband millimeter wave antenna of all-metal frame terminal user equipment. Nowadays, all-metal frame mobile phones have become mainstream, and an antenna array formed by taking the ultra-wideband antenna of the embodiment as a unit realizes the design of a 5G millimeter wave array antenna in a metal frame environment, and simultaneously meets the requirements of dual polarization under ultra-wide frequency bands of 26G-29.5G and 37G-42.5G. As shown in fig. 23 and 24, the antenna further includes a metal wall 16 and a dielectric 18, wherein 4 sub-metal structure units 11 are located in a metal cavity structure 17 formed by the reference ground metal plate 10 and the metal wall 16, the metal wall 16 and the reference ground metal plate 10 are electrically connected or not electrically connected, the dielectric 18 is made of a low-loss material PTFE having a low dielectric constant of 2 and a tangent loss of 0.003, and the dielectric 18 is 4.5mm 1.1mm and is filled in the metal cavity structure 17.
While the 4 sub-metal structure units 11 are arranged at equal intervals of 90 ° in the circumferential direction, each sub-metal structure unit 11 coincides with the other 3 sub-metal structure units 11 every 90 ° rotation around the circumferential direction. One of the second metal structural members 112 is a metal column, has a diameter of 0.2mm and a height of 1.1mm, passes through the medium 18 and is directly connected with the first metal structural member 111, and the lower end is connected with the reference ground metal plate 10; the other second metal structure member 112 is a vertical plate structure and is directly electrically connected to the first metal structure member 111, and the feeding point of the feeding structure 12 is applied between the other second metal structure member 112 and the reference ground metal plate 10.
The feeding points of the feeding structures 12 of the two oppositely arranged sub-metal structure units 11 apply differential feeding with a 180 ° difference, and form sub-antennas 13 (as shown in fig. 24), 4 sub-metal structure units 11 form 2 groups of sub-antennas 13, and the 2 groups of sub-antennas 13 are in an orthogonal relation in space, so as to implement radiation of dual polarized waves. Here, the sub-antennas 13 in the up-down direction radiate phi 45 ° polarized waves, and the sub-antennas 13 in the left-right direction radiate phi-45 ° polarized waves. Phi is the angle between the geometric central axis of the 2 sub-antennas 13 and the x-axis direction in fig. 24.
As shown in fig. 25 and 26, the simulated S parameters and the simulated total efficiency of the ultra-wideband millimeter wave antenna of the present embodiment are shown. For phi ═ 45 DEG polariton antenna, the efficiency is above-2 dB in the 26G-29.5G frequency band and 37G-42.5G frequency band. As shown in fig. 27, it is a gain performance diagram of the ultra-wideband millimeter wave antenna of the present embodiment. In the 26G to 29.5G frequency band and the 37G to 42.5G frequency band, the gain of the polaron antenna 13 with phi being +/-45 degrees is more than 4.5dBi, the 37G to 42.5G frequency band reaches more than 6dBi, and the gain performance is good.
As shown in fig. 28 and fig. 29, the ultra-wideband antenna 21 is used as a unit to form a 1 × 4 one-dimensional ultra-wideband antenna array 20, wherein an absolute value of an angle between a central axis of the sub-antenna 13 of each ultra-wideband antenna 21 and an arrangement direction of the one-dimensional antenna array is 45 °, and a simulation performance of the antenna in the handset simulation metal structure 19 is achieved. In fig. 28 and 29, the sub-antennas 13 along the upper left corner to the lower right corner form an antenna array of 1 × 4, which is used for polarization radiation in phi 45 °; the sub-antennas 13 along the upper right corner to the lower left corner form an antenna array of 1 × 4, orthogonal to the sub-antennas 13 along the upper left corner to the lower right corner, for phi-45 ° polarized wave radiation. In the embodiment, the handset size is simulated by using the handset simulation metal structure 19 of 140mm × 70mm × 5.4mm, the one-dimensional ultra-wideband antenna array 20 is embedded in the frame of the handset simulation metal structure 19, and phi ═ 45 ° polarization arrays are symmetric along the Y axis.
As shown in fig. 30, in the isolation diagram of the ultra-wideband antennas 21 in the one-dimensional ultra-wideband antenna array 20 of 1 × 4, due to the symmetric relationship, the performance of phi ═ 45 ° polarized arrays is the same, and only the isolation result between phi ═ 45 ° polarized arrays and the ultra-wideband antennas 21 is listed, the isolation between the ultra-wideband antennas 21 exceeds-15 dB, and there is good isolation characteristic.
As shown in fig. 31 and 32, the array scanning angle of the one-dimensional ultra-wideband antenna array 20 is 1 × 4 in the range of 0 ° to 60 °, the total efficiency of the one-dimensional ultra-wideband antenna array 20 is shown, and the horizontal coordinate axis angle in the figure is the angle between the z-y plane in fig. 29 and the z-axis, that is, the angle between the antenna and the direction right in front of the antenna array during angle scanning. In fig. 31, at a frequency of 28G, the array scanning angle is in the range of 0 ° to 60 °, and the total efficiency of the antenna array is substantially 50% or more. In fig. 32, at a frequency of 39G, the array scanning angle is in the range of 0 ° to 60 °, and the total efficiency of the antenna array is substantially 60% or more.
As shown in fig. 33 and 34, the gain performance of the one-dimensional ultra-wideband antenna array 20 of 1 × 4 during angular scanning is shown, and in fig. 33, the array scanning angle is in the range of 0 ° to 45 ° for 28G, and the gain peak difference value is kept within 1.5dBi, which is basically stable. In fig. 34, the peak value of the gain varies greatly (due to the side lobe effect) for 39G, but the peak values are all 10dBi or more, and there is good gain performance.
In summary, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband antenna and an antenna array, in the structure proposed by the present invention, 4 sub-metal structure units are arranged at equal intervals of 90 ° along the circumferential direction, and by applying differential feeding with a phase difference of 180 ° to the 2 sub-metal structure units arranged oppositely, the 4 sub-metal structure units have a coupling effect, thereby changing the electric field distribution at the circumferential center position of each group of sub-antennas, exciting a new low-frequency resonance mode, forming an ultra-wideband antenna, and when one group of sub-antennas is excited, the other group of sub-antennas acts as a parasitic element structure through a coupling effect, thereby achieving an effect of widening the low-frequency bandwidth, and simultaneously, due to the flow of current on the parasitic element structure, and the parasitic current is parallel to the excitation current, the radiation effective area of the whole ultra-wideband antenna is increased without affecting the isolation between the two groups of sub-antennas, increasing the radiation gain. In addition, through the electric connection of the second metal structural parts and the reference ground metal plate, the resonance size of the ultra-wideband antenna is reduced, and the capacitance effect of the first metal structural parts is compensated due to the inductance effect of the ultra-wideband antenna, so that the effect of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna is achieved. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. An ultra-wideband antenna, characterized in that the ultra-wideband antenna comprises: a reference ground metal plate, 4 identical sub-metal structure units and 4 feed structures;
4 identical sub-metal structural units are arranged on the reference ground metal plate, and the 4 identical sub-metal structural units are arranged at equal intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction;
each of the sub-metal structural units includes: the power supply device comprises 1 first metal structural part extending along the horizontal direction, 2 second metal structural parts extending along the vertical direction and arranged at intervals, wherein one end of each of the 2 second metal structural parts is directly connected with the first metal structural part, the other end of each of the 1 second metal structural parts is connected with a reference ground metal plate, and one power feed structure is added between the other end of each of the other second metal structural parts and the reference ground metal plate;
each sub-metal structure unit has a coupling effect with the rest 3 sub-metal structure units; the 2 sub-metal structure units which are oppositely arranged form a group of sub-antennas, the 4 sub-metal structure units form 2 groups of sub-antennas, and the 2 feed structures of each group of sub-antennas apply differential feed with the phase difference of 180 degrees.
2. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the absolute value of the feeding phase difference between 2 feeding structures of 2 adjacent sub-metal structure units is 90 degrees, so that the ultra-wideband antenna radiates left-hand circularly polarized waves or right-hand circularly polarized waves.
3. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 2, wherein: the ultra-wideband antenna for radiating right-hand circularly polarized waves is a GNSS antenna, and the ultra-wideband antenna for radiating left-hand circularly polarized waves is an SDARS antenna.
4. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 2, wherein: the 4 feed structures are connected to a feed network, the feed network comprises 2 5-port microwave networks, and the absolute values of the difference values of the transmission phases of the output/input port of each 5-port microwave network and the 4 input/output ports connected with the ultra-wideband antenna are respectively 0 degree, 80 degrees to 100 degrees, 170 degrees to 190 degrees and 260 degrees to 280 degrees.
5. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 4, wherein: the microwave network is a 4-phase coupler or a functional network formed by designing inductance and capacitance components.
6. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 4, wherein: the microwave network is a functional network formed by microstrip line or strip line design.
7. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 4, wherein: the feed network comprises a synthesis or power division functional network.
8. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 7, wherein: the synthesis or power division functional network is composed of microstrip lines or strip lines with matching branches.
9. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first metal structural part is in a shape with radian and/or bending, and the second metal structural part is in a shape with radian and/or bending.
10. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1 or 9, wherein: one end of the first metal structural part, which is close to the circumferential central position, gradually decreases in width along the direction from the radial direction of the first metal structural part to the central position.
11. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 10, wherein: 4 first metal structural components constitute the structure of class propeller-like that rotates along clockwise or anticlockwise rotation.
12. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 10, wherein: one end of the first metal structural part close to the circumferential center is in a trapezoidal shape.
13. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the second metal structural part is cylindrical.
14. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, further comprising a third metal structure disposed on and electrically connected to the reference ground plane for impedance matching.
15. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 14, wherein: the third metal structural parts are respectively arranged on the peripheral sides of the 4 sub-metal structural units and/or the central positions of the peripheral directions.
16. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 15, wherein: the number of the third metal structural members arranged on the peripheral side of each sub-metal structural unit is 1 or 2.
17. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 14, wherein: the third metal structural member is cubic in shape.
18. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, further comprising a metal wall, wherein 4 sub-metal structure elements are located in a metal cavity structure formed by the metal wall and the reference ground metal plate, and wherein the metal wall and the reference ground metal plate are electrically connected or not electrically connected.
19. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: in each sub-metal structure unit, a parasitic unit is arranged on one side of the second metal structure member, which is added into the feed structure, the parasitic unit is directly connected with the reference ground metal plate and extends along the vertical direction to form an inverted L shape, and the parasitic unit and the second metal structure member are coupled to excite a new resonant frequency.
20. An ultra-wideband antenna array comprising an ultra-wideband antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the ultra-wideband antenna is arranged in an array.
21. The ultra-wideband antenna array of claim 20, wherein: the ultra-wideband antenna array is a one-dimensional antenna array, wherein the absolute value of an included angle between the central axis of each sub-antenna of each ultra-wideband antenna and the arrangement direction of the one-dimensional antenna array is 45 degrees.
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| PCT/CN2022/075333 WO2022166941A1 (en) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-02-07 | Ultra-wideband antenna and antenna array |
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| WO2024037129A1 (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-02-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Antenna module, antenna array, and electronic device |
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| WO2024037129A1 (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-02-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Antenna module, antenna array, and electronic device |
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| CN112909512B (en) | 2022-08-02 |
| WO2022166941A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
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