CN115621717B - Radiator, antenna unit, antenna assembly, vehicle and arranging method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a radiator, an antenna unit, an antenna assembly, a vehicle and an arrangement method, wherein the radiator comprises a first part and a second part, the first part is provided with a first side edge, a second side edge, a third side edge and a fourth side edge, the first side edge and the third side edge are oppositely arranged, the second side edge and the fourth side edge are oppositely arranged, the width size of at least part of the first part is gradually reduced along the direction from the first side edge to the third side edge, the position, close to the first side edge, of the second side edge is suitable for being connected with an excitation port, the second part is connected with the fourth side edge and comprises branch sections, one ends of the branch sections are connected with the first part and close to the second side edge, and the other ends of the branch sections extend towards the first side edge and are arranged at intervals with the first part. The radiator has wide frequency band, can meet the use requirements of a plurality of communication frequency bands, has high gain, and has higher communication performance under different driving scenes and driving conditions.

Description

Radiator, antenna unit, antenna assembly, vehicle and arrangement method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a radiator, an antenna unit using the radiator, an antenna assembly using the antenna unit, a vehicle using the antenna assembly and an arrangement method of the antenna assembly.

Background

With the rapid development of automobile electromotion and intellectualization, high-definition video transmission, internet, navigation, automatic driving and the like in automobile use show high requirements on large data throughput and ultralow delay of communication requirements, so that the performance requirements of the industry on vehicle-mounted communication antennas are higher and higher. However, in the related art, the vehicle Tbox antenna has problems of a narrow frequency band, low gain, and high dependency on an installation space.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a radiator, which has a wide frequency band, can meet the use requirements of a plurality of communication frequency bands, has high gain, and has high communication performance under different driving scenes and driving conditions.

The embodiment of the invention also provides an antenna unit applying the radiator.

The embodiment of the invention also provides an antenna assembly applying the radiator.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a vehicle applying the antenna unit or the antenna assembly.

The embodiment of the invention also provides an arrangement method based on the antenna assembly.

The radiator of the embodiment of the invention comprises:

a first portion having a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side, the first side and the third side being oppositely disposed, the second side and the fourth side being oppositely disposed, at least a portion of the first portion having a width dimension that tapers in a direction from the first side to the third side, the second side being adjacent the first side and adapted to be connected to an excitation port;

the second part, the second part with the fourth side links to each other, the second part includes the minor matters portion, the one end of minor matters portion with the first part links to each other and closes on the second side, the other end of minor matters portion to first side extension and with first part interval arrangement.

The frequency band of the radiator provided by the embodiment of the invention is wide, the use requirements of a plurality of communication frequency bands can be met, the gain is high, and the radiator has higher communication performance under different driving scenes and driving conditions.

In some embodiments, the second portion includes a projection connected to the fourth side, and the branchlet surrounds an outer peripheral side of the projection and is spaced apart from the projection.

In some embodiments, the projection includes a first segment connected between the fourth side and the second segment, the first segment extending along an edge of the fourth side and connected to the stub, a length dimension of the first segment being greater than a length dimension of the second segment in a direction of extension along the first side, and the stub surrounding an outer circumferential side of the second segment and spaced apart from the second segment.

In some embodiments, the branch segments are U-shaped.

In some embodiments, the second side comprises a plurality of side segments connected in series, an included angle formed by the plurality of side segments and the fourth side becomes gradually larger along a direction from the first side to the third side, and the side segment adjacent to the first side is suitable for being connected with the excitation port.

In some embodiments, the plane of the second portion is at an angle to the plane of the first portion.

The antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the radiator according to the above embodiment.

In some embodiments, the antenna comprises a ground plate and an excitation port, wherein the excitation port is connected between the ground plate and the radiator, one end of the excitation port is connected to the second side edge of the radiator and is arranged near the first side edge, and the other end of the excitation port is connected to the edge of the ground plate.

In some embodiments, a projection of the second portion is located within a projection area of the ground plate in a direction orthogonal to the ground plate.

The antenna assembly of the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of radiators as described in the above embodiments, and a distance between any two adjacent radiators is not less than a set threshold.

In some embodiments, the antenna comprises a ground plate and a plurality of excitation ports, the excitation ports are connected between the ground plate and the radiators in a one-to-one correspondence, one end of each excitation port is connected to the second side edge of the corresponding radiator and is arranged adjacent to the first side edge, and the other end of each excitation port is connected to the edge of the ground plate.

In some embodiments, a projection of the second portion of each radiator is located within a projection area of the ground plane in a direction orthogonal to the ground plane.

In some embodiments, the radiators are arranged in a central symmetry manner; or, one part of radiators and the other part of radiators are symmetrically arranged; or a plurality of the radiators are arranged in a line.

A vehicle of an embodiment of the invention comprises an antenna unit as described in any of the embodiments above, or an antenna assembly as described in any of the embodiments above.

The arrangement method of the antenna assembly comprises the following steps:

determining a shape of the ground plate;

defining a plurality of mounting locations at an edge of the ground plate and securing the excitation port at each of the mounting locations;

adjusting the orientations of the radiators so that two adjacent radiators are orthogonally arranged and the distance between the two adjacent radiators is not less than a set threshold;

and after the orientations of the plurality of radiators are determined, connecting the plurality of radiators with the plurality of excitation ports in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a graph of the S-parameter of the antenna element of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a graph of the standing wave of the antenna element of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna assembly of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an isolation graph of the antenna assembly of fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an antenna assembly of another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an isolation graph of the antenna assembly of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna assembly of yet another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a graph of the isolation of the antenna assembly of fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna unit of the embodiment of the invention at 900 MHz.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the current distribution of the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present invention at 2700 MHz.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the current distribution of the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present invention at 4900 MHz.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the radiation direction of the antenna unit of the embodiment of the invention at 900 MHz.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the radiation direction of the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present invention at 2700 MHz.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the radiation direction of the antenna unit at 4900MHz according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

a radiator 100;

a first part 1; a first side 11; a second side edge 12; a third side 13; a fourth side 14;

a second part 2; a branch part 21; a projection 22; a first segment 221; a second segment 222;

an excitation port 200;

a ground plate 300.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a radiator 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first portion 1 and a second portion 2.

The first portion 1 has a first side 11, a second side 12, a third side 13 and a fourth side 14, the first side 11 and the third side 13 are oppositely disposed, the second side 12 and the fourth side 14 are oppositely disposed, the width dimension of at least a portion of the first portion 1 gradually decreases in a direction from the first side 11 to the third side 13, and the second side 12 is adjacent to the first side 11 and is adapted to be connected to the excitation port 200.

The first part 1 may be substantially plate-shaped, the first part 1 may be substantially in a vertical plane, the first side 11 may be a right side of the first part 1, the second side 12 may be a lower side of the first part 1, the third side 13 may be a left side, and the fourth side 14 may be an upper side.

The width dimension of the first portion 1 is the dimension of the first portion 1 in the up-down direction. The width dimension of the first portion 1 becomes gradually smaller in the direction from the right to the left. For example, the first portion 1 may be fan-like in its entirety, the fourth side 14 of the first portion 1 may be linear and may be arranged substantially horizontally, and the second side 12 of the first portion 1 may be parabolic and may be inclined downward in a direction from left to right.

As shown in fig. 1, the lower side of the first portion 1 may be used for connection to an excitation port 200, the excitation port 200 being required to be positioned close to the right side of the first portion 1. That is, the excitation port 200 needs to be opposed to the portion having the largest width dimension on the first portion 1 in the up-down direction.

The second part 2 is connected to the fourth side 14, the second part 2 comprises a branch 21, one end of the branch 21 is connected to the first part 1 and is adjacent to the second side 12, and the other end of the branch 21 extends towards the first side 11 and is spaced apart from the first part 1.

As shown in fig. 1, the second part 2 may also be substantially flat, and the second part 2 may be arranged substantially horizontally, the second part 2 being connected to the upper side of the first part 1 and being located at the front side of the first part 1. The branch 21 may be long, the left end of the branch 21 may be connected to the upper side of the first part 1, the right end of the branch 21 may be spaced from the first part 1 in the front-rear direction, and the right end of the branch 21 may be adjacent to the first side 11 of the first part 1 and extend toward the first part 1.

In the radiator 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, the first portion 1 has the effect of gradually changing the impedance, that is, the impedance of the first portion 1 gradually decreases along the direction from right to left, so that the corresponding current path length also gradually decreases, and the corresponding operating frequency gradually increases, thereby meeting the requirement of multi-band electromagnetic wave excitation and realizing the excitation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The branch 21 of the second part 2 can have a low impedance, which can sufficiently satisfy the excitation of low frequency electromagnetic waves.

Through simulation analysis, when the radiator 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention is used, the radiator can better work within the ranges of 0.8 GHz to 0.9 GHz, 1.3 GHz to 1.65 GHz, 1.85 GHz to 2.8 GHz, 3.1 GHz to 4.2 GHz and 4.6 GHz to 5.5 GHz, namely the radiator can completely cover the working frequency bands of GSM900, 4G, 5G and the like, and the use requirement of the wide frequency band of the vehicle-mounted antenna is met.

In addition, as can be seen from fig. 3 and table 1 below, the isolation of the radiator 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is less than-10 dB, the gain intensity of the radiator 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is between 2dBi and 7dBi, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the overall standing wave ratio of the radiator 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is less than 2. Therefore, the radiator 100 of the embodiment of the invention has better isolation and better signal transceiving capacity, has higher communication performance under different driving scenes and driving conditions, and meets the use requirements.

TABLE 1 antenna element gain data sheet

0.9 GHz

1.5 GHz

1.9 GHz

2.35 GHz

2.6 GHz

3.5 GHz

4.9 GHz

dB（S11）

-10.1

-17.3

-10.4

-12

-14.4

-12.1

-12.4

Gain

2.6 dBi

4.4 dBi

4.5 dBi

4.5 dBi

4.5 dBi

4.1 dBi

6.6 dBi

In some embodiments, the second portion 2 includes a protrusion 22, the protrusion 22 is connected to the fourth side 14, and the branch portion 21 surrounds an outer periphery of the protrusion 22 and is spaced apart from the protrusion 22.

For example, as shown in fig. 1, the projection 22 may have a substantially flat plate shape, and the projection 22 may be connected to the fourth side 14 of the first portion 1 and project toward the front side. The branch parts 21 can be generally U-shaped, the protruding parts 22 are matched in the grooves surrounded by the branch parts 21, and a certain interval is always kept between the branch parts 21 and the protruding parts 22, namely a U-shaped groove is limited between the branch parts 21 and the protruding parts 22.

The arrangement of the protruding portion 22 can change the impedance of the second portion 2, so that the length of the current path of the corresponding portion of the protruding portion 22 is also increased, the operating frequency of the portion of the second portion 2 is lower, and the effect of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna can also be achieved.

In some embodiments, the protruding portion 22 includes a first section 221 and a second section 222, the first section 221 is connected between the fourth side 14 and the second section 222, the first section 221 extends along an edge of the fourth side 14 and is connected to the branch portion 21, a length dimension of the first section 221 is larger than a length dimension of the second section 222 in an extending direction along the first side 11, and the branch portion 21 surrounds an outer peripheral side of the second section 222 and is spaced apart from the second section 222.

For example, as shown in fig. 1, the protrusion 22 may be T-shaped as a whole, wherein the first section 221 and the second section 222 may be both substantially rectangular, and the first section 221 and the second section 222 may both extend in the left-right direction, the first section 221 may extend along the fourth side 14 of the first part 1, and the left end of the first section 221 may be integrally connected with the branch portion 21, the second section 222 may be connected to the front side of the first section 221, and the second section 222 may be located substantially at the middle position of the first section 221 in the left-right direction.

The arrangement of the first segment 221 can further realize the impedance change of the second part 2, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the bandwidth, and on the other hand, the protruding part 22 and the branch part 21 can be integrated, thereby facilitating the integral bending of the branch part 21 and the protruding part 22 relative to the first part 1, and ensuring the coplanarity of the branch part 21 and the protruding part 22.

In some embodiments, the second side 12 comprises a plurality of side segments connected in series, the included angle formed by the plurality of side segments and the fourth side 14 becomes gradually larger along the direction from the first side 11 to the third side 13, and the side segment adjacent to the first side 11 is suitable for being connected with the excitation port 200.

For example, as shown in fig. 1, the second side 12 of the first portion 1 may include four side segments, which are sequentially connected in a left-to-right direction, and each of which forms an included angle α with the extending direction (left-to-right direction) of the fourth side 14.

For convenience of description, the four side segments may be referred to as a first side segment, a second side segment, a third side segment and a fourth side segment, respectively, in order from left to right. The included angle formed by the first side section and the fourth side 14 is an included angle α 1, the included angle formed by the second side section and the fourth side 14 is an included angle α 2, the included angle formed by the third side section and the fourth side 14 is an included angle α 3, and the included angle formed by the fourth side section and the fourth side 14 is an included angle α 4. The included angle α 1 is greater than the included angle α 2, the included angle α 2 is greater than the included angle α 3, and the included angle α 3 is greater than the included angle α 4.

Therefore, on one hand, the design requirement of the gradual change of the impedance of the first part 1 can be met, on the other hand, the processing is convenient, the standardization and unification of the processing can be realized, and the positions and the inclination angles of the side sections can be determined.

It should be noted that in other embodiments, the second side 12 may also be a parabolic device, or the second side 12 may also be formed by connecting two, three, five, six, seven, eight, etc. side segments in sequence.

In some embodiments, the plane of the second portion 2 is at an angle to the plane of the first portion 1. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the first portion 1 and the second portion 2 may each have a flat plate shape, and the first portion 1 and the second portion 2 may be arranged substantially vertically, i.e., the first portion 1 and the second portion 2 form an included angle of 90 degrees. In other embodiments, the included angle formed by the first portion 1 and the second portion 2 can be acute or obtuse.

Thus, the size of the radiator 100 in a single direction may be reduced, for example, the first portion 1 may be located in a vertical plane, and the second portion 2 may be located in a horizontal plane, which may serve to reduce the overall size of the radiator 100 in the up-down direction.

An antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below.

The antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the radiator 100, and the radiator 100 may be the radiator 100 described in the foregoing embodiment. The antenna unit may be a vehicle Tbox antenna, and the antenna unit may include a ground plate 300, and the radiator 100 may be connected to the ground plate 300 through the excitation port 200.

As shown in fig. 11 to 13, the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present invention can extend the current path length, so that the antenna unit can operate at a lower frequency, and here, the antenna frequency can be lowered to 640MHz; the antenna unit is matched in a broadband over 1700MHz, and the gradual change of the antenna impedance is realized mainly by a gradual change structure started by the excitation port 200, and the impedance flat change in the broadband is also realized, so that the matching is ensured.

In some embodiments, the antenna unit includes a ground plane 300 and a ground port 200, the ground plane 300 is connected between the ground plane 200 and the radiator 100, one end of the ground port 200 is connected to the second side 12 of the radiator 100 and is disposed adjacent to the first side 11, and the other end of the ground port 200 is connected to an edge of the ground plane 300.

For example, as shown in fig. 2, the ground plate 300 is a ground structure, the ground plate 300 may have a substantially flat plate shape and may have a substantially rectangular shape, the radiator 100 may be disposed above the ground plate 300, the excitation port 200 may be disposed substantially vertically, a top end of the excitation port 200 may be connected to a bottom side of the first portion 1 of the radiator 100, and a top end of the excitation port 200 may be connected to substantially corners of the first side 11 and the second side 12 of the first portion 1 of the radiator 100. The bottom end of the excitation port 200 may be connected to the rear edge of the ground plate 300, and the bottom end of the excitation port 200 may be near the rear right angular position of the ground plate 300.

Therefore, on one hand, the connection between the excitation port 200 and the grounding plate 300 is facilitated, the arrangement of parts connected with the excitation port 200 on the grounding plate 300 is facilitated, the situation that the structural design of the grounding plate 300 is influenced due to the connection of the excitation port 200 and the middle part of the grounding plate 300 is avoided, on the other hand, the space utilization rate can be improved, the reasonable utilization of space is facilitated, and the compactness of the arrangement of the antenna unit is realized.

In addition, the excitation port 200 of the antenna unit is applied to the edge of the ground plate 300, so that the TE10 radiation mode of the ground plate 300 can be effectively excited, and the antenna unit can efficiently radiate at a low frequency.

In some embodiments, the projection of the second portion 2 is located within the projection area of the ground plane 300, in a direction orthogonal to the ground plane 300. For example, as shown in fig. 2, the direction orthogonal to the ground plate 300 may be a vertical direction, both the second portion 2 and the ground plate 300 may be flat plates, and the projection of the second portion 2 in the vertical direction is located in the region of the projection of the ground plate 300 in the vertical direction, so that the antenna unit may be designed only by the size of the ground plate 300 in the circumferential direction of the antenna unit, thereby further improving space utilization and achieving compactness of the structural arrangement.

An antenna assembly of an embodiment of the present invention is described below.

The antenna assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of radiators 100, each radiator 100 may be the radiator 100 described in the above embodiment, and a distance between any two adjacent radiators 100 is not less than a set threshold.

For example, as shown in fig. 5, the antenna assembly may include a ground plate 300, the ground plate 300 may have a polygonal shape, and the number of corners of the polygonal shape may correspond to the number of radiators 100. Each radiator 100 may be disposed above the ground plate 300, and the plurality of radiators 100 may be connected to a plurality of corner positions of the ground plate 300 in a one-to-one correspondence. Therefore, the radiators 100 can be arranged at intervals, and the distance between two adjacent radiators 100 meets the requirement that the distance is not less than the set threshold. It should be noted that the threshold may be set to a minimum distance value between two adjacent radiators 100 to avoid radiation interference, so as to improve mutual interference between the radiators 100.

In some embodiments, the antenna assembly includes a ground plate 300 and a plurality of excitation ports 200, the plurality of excitation ports 200 being connected between the ground plate 300 and the plurality of radiators 100 in a one-to-one correspondence, and one end of each excitation port 200 being connected to the second side 12 of the corresponding radiator 100 and being disposed adjacent to the first side 11, and the other end of each excitation port 200 being connected to an edge of the ground plate 300.

For example, as shown in fig. 5, 7 and 9, the ground plate 300 may have a rectangular plate shape, four radiators 100 and four excitation ports 200 may be provided, four radiators 100 may be provided above the ground plate 300, and four radiators 100 may be connected to the ground plate 300 through the corresponding excitation ports 200. The top end of each excitation port 200 may be connected to the bottom side (second side 12) of the first portion 1 of the radiator 100, and the top end of the excitation port 200 is disposed substantially near the corner formed by the first side 11 and the second side 12. The bottom end of each excitation port 200 may be connected to an edge of the ground plate 300.

Therefore, on one hand, the situation that the structural design of the grounding plate 300 is influenced due to the fact that the excitation port 200 is connected with the middle part of the grounding plate 300 is avoided, on the other hand, the effect of improving the space utilization rate can be achieved, and the reasonable utilization of the space and the compactness of the arrangement of the antenna units are facilitated.

In some embodiments, the projection of the second portion 2 of each radiator 100 is located within the projection area of the ground plane 300, in a direction orthogonal to the ground plane 300.

For example, as shown in fig. 5, 7, and 9, the ground plane 300 may be disposed substantially horizontally, each radiator 100 may be disposed substantially above the ground plane 300, the first portion 1 of each radiator 100 may be disposed substantially in a vertical plane, and the second portion 2 of each radiator 100 may be disposed substantially in a horizontal plane. The direction orthogonal to the ground plate 300 may be an up-down direction, and a projection of the second portion 2 of each radiator 100 in the up-down direction is located in a region of the projection of the ground plate 300 in the up-down direction.

Therefore, in the circumferential direction of the antenna assembly, the antenna assembly is designed only by taking the size of the ground plate 300 as a basis, so that the space utilization rate is improved, the structural arrangement is compact, and the dependence on the installation space is reduced.

In some embodiments, a portion of the radiators 100 of the plurality of radiators 100 is arranged symmetrically with respect to another portion of the radiators 100. For example, as shown in fig. 5, the ground plate 300 may have a substantially rectangular plate shape, four radiators 100 may be provided, four radiators 100 may be respectively mounted at four corner positions of the ground plate 300 through corresponding excitation ports 200, and two radiators 100 may be located at the front side of the ground plate 300, and another two radiators 100 may be located at the rear side of the ground plate 300, the two radiators 100 at the front side being arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the two radiators 100 at the rear side.

As shown in fig. 6, the isolation of each radiator 100 in fig. 5 is less than-10 dB, so that the antenna assembly arranged in the manner of fig. 5 has better isolation, and meets the use requirements.

In some embodiments, the radiators 100 are arranged in a central symmetry. For example, as shown in fig. 7, the ground plate 300 may be a substantially square plate, four radiators 100 may be provided at four corners of the ground plate 300, and the four radiators 100 are arranged in a central symmetry manner. As shown in fig. 8, the isolation of each radiator 100 in fig. 7 is less than-10 dB, and in the frequency band greater than 1.5GHz, the isolation of some radiators 100 is even less than-15 dB, so that the antenna assembly arranged in the manner of fig. 7 has better isolation, and meets the use requirements.

In some embodiments, the plurality of radiators 100 are arranged in a row. For example, as shown in fig. 9, the ground plate 300 may be a substantially rectangular plate, the ground plate 300 may extend substantially in the left-right direction, four radiators 100 may be provided, four radiators 100 are all provided above the ground plate 300, and the four radiators 100 are sequentially arranged at intervals in the extending direction of the ground plate 300. The plurality of excitation ports 200 between the plurality of radiators 100 and the ground plate 300 may be connected to the same side of the ground plate 300.

As shown in fig. 10, the isolation of the radiators 100 in fig. 9 is less than-10 dB, and in the frequency band greater than 2 GHz, the isolation of some radiators 100 is even less than-20 dB, so that the antenna assembly arranged in the manner shown in fig. 9 has better isolation and meets the use requirements.

A vehicle of an embodiment of the invention is described below.

The vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention may include an antenna unit, where the antenna unit may be the antenna unit described in the foregoing embodiment, and in another embodiment, the vehicle may also include an antenna assembly, where the antenna assembly may be the antenna assembly described in the foregoing embodiment. The vehicle may be an automobile, SUV, bus, truck, etc., or may be another vehicle that requires the use of an antenna unit or antenna assembly.

In the embodiment of the invention, the plurality of radiators 100 in the antenna assembly can be arranged according to needs, so that the arrangement flexibility is improved, the dependence on an installation space is reduced, and the communication use requirement of a vehicle without shark fins can be met.

The arrangement method of the antenna assembly comprises the following steps:

s1: the shape of the ground plate is determined. The shape of the ground plate may be determined according to the mounting position and the mounting space of the antenna assembly, and for example, when the mounting space is a narrow space, the ground plate may be designed to be elongated, and when the mounting space is a square solid, the ground plate may be designed to be circular, square, or the like.

S2: a plurality of mounting locations are defined at the edge of the ground plate and an excitation port is secured at each mounting location. For example, the total length of the outer peripheral edge of the ground plate may be determined first, and then the number of mounting positions that can be designed may be determined according to the design pitch of the adjacent two excitation ports.

After the number of the positions to be installed is determined, an installation position can be determined on the peripheral edge of the grounding plate, then corresponding distances are measured along the peripheral edge of the grounding plate in sequence, so that the position of each subsequent installation position can be determined, and finally, an excitation port is fixed at each installation position.

S3: and adjusting the orientations of the radiators so that two adjacent radiators are orthogonally arranged and the distance between the two adjacent radiators is not less than a set threshold. For example, as shown in fig. 7 and 9, a mathematical model may be established, then one radiator may be installed on each excitation port, and then the orientation of each radiator may be adjusted by rotating the radiators until two adjacent radiators are orthogonally arranged and the distance between the two adjacent radiators meets the design requirement.

As shown in fig. 14-16, the antenna can operate over a wide bandwidth, in this embodiment over a range from 690MHz-5 GHz. At 900MHz, the equivalent current distribution of the radiator and the ground plate is similar to a dipole, which accords with the half-wavelength current distribution, so the directional diagram is in an 8 shape; the current distribution at high frequency (4900 MHz) has more obvious multi-periodicity, which shows that the current distribution has a plurality of current distributions taking half-wavelength distribution as the period.

In the medium and high frequency band, the antenna unit keeps flat and good impedance matching in a very wide frequency band by utilizing the gradual change of a radiating body of the antenna; wherein the antenna unit operates like a horn antenna, having a significant directivity; the directivity can be realized by the orthogonal combination of 4 radiators of 5G, the complementation of signal coverage is realized, and meanwhile, the high isolation between the antenna units can be realized due to the different radiation directions between the radiators.

S4: and after the directions of the radiators are determined, connecting the radiators with the excitation ports in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that they are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that many changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. A radiator, comprising:

a first portion generally lying in a vertical plane, the first portion having a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side, the first side and the third side being oppositely disposed, the second side and the fourth side being oppositely disposed, at least a portion of the first portion having a width dimension that tapers in a direction from the first side to the third side, the second side being located adjacent the first side and adapted for connection to an excitation port;

a second portion disposed substantially horizontally, the second portion connected to the fourth side, the second portion including a branch portion having one end connected to the first portion and adjacent to the second side, the other end extending toward the first side and spaced apart from the first portion, the second portion including a projection connected to the fourth side, the branch portion surrounding an outer circumferential side of the projection and spaced apart from the projection.

2. The radiator of claim 1, wherein the projection includes a first segment and a second segment, the first segment is connected between the fourth side and the second segment, the first segment extends along an edge of the fourth side and is connected to the stub, a length dimension of the first segment is greater than a length dimension of the second segment in an extending direction along the first side, and the stub surrounds an outer circumferential side of the second segment and is spaced apart from the second segment.

3. An emitter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the branch portion is U-shaped.

4. The radiator of claim 1, wherein the second side comprises a plurality of side segments connected in sequence, an included angle formed by the side segments and the fourth side becomes gradually larger along a direction from the first side to the third side, and the side segment adjacent to the first side is adapted to be connected to an excitation port.

5. The radiator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plane of the second portion is at an angle to the plane of the first portion.

6. An antenna unit comprising a radiator according to claim 5.

7. The antenna unit of claim 6, comprising a ground plane and a excitation port, wherein the excitation port is connected between the ground plane and the radiator, and wherein one end of the excitation port is connected to the second side of the radiator and is disposed adjacent to the first side, and wherein the other end of the excitation port is connected to an edge of the ground plane.

8. The antenna unit of claim 7, wherein a projection of the second portion is located within a projected area of the ground plane in a direction orthogonal to the ground plane.

9. An antenna assembly comprising a plurality of radiators according to claim 5, wherein the spacing between any two adjacent radiators is not less than a predetermined threshold.

10. The antenna assembly of claim 9, including a ground plate and a plurality of excitation ports, said excitation ports being connected between said ground plate and said radiators in a one-to-one correspondence, and each of said excitation ports having one end connected to a corresponding second side of said radiator and being disposed adjacent said first side, and another end connected to an edge of said ground plate.

11. The antenna assembly of claim 10, wherein a projection of the second portion of each radiator in a direction normal to the ground plane is located within a projected area of the ground plane.

12. The antenna assembly of claim 10 or 11, wherein the plurality of radiators are arranged in a central symmetry; or, one part of radiators and the other part of radiators are symmetrically arranged; or a plurality of the radiators are arranged in a row.

13. A vehicle comprising an antenna unit according to any one of claims 6 to 8, or an antenna assembly according to any one of claims 9-12.

14. A method for arranging antenna assemblies according to claim 10 or 11, characterized by comprising the following steps:

determining a shape of the ground plate;

defining a plurality of mounting locations at an edge of the ground plate and securing the excitation port at each of the mounting locations;

adjusting the orientation of the radiators so that two adjacent radiators are orthogonally arranged and the distance between the two adjacent radiators is not less than a set threshold;

and after the orientations of the plurality of radiators are determined, connecting the plurality of radiators with the plurality of excitation ports in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

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