CN113937462B

CN113937462B - Electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN113937462B
Application number: CN202010601956.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王家明; 王吉康; 余冬; 张小伟; 尤佳庆
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-29
Filing date: 2020-06-29
Publication date: 2023-06-27
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-29
Also published as: WO2022001740A1; CN116759806A; CN113937462A

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides electronic equipment, which comprises: an antenna structure, the antenna structure comprising: the metal radiation patch, the metal feeder line and the feeder unit; the feeding unit indirectly couples and feeds the metal radiation patch at one end of the metal feeder line; the other end of the metal feeder line is grounded. The embodiment of the application uses the band-pass characteristic of the feed branch at 0-180 degrees to excite a plurality of modes of the antenna structure, so that resonance generated by the modes is slightly staggered, and broadband coverage of the antenna structure is realized.

Description

Electronic equipment

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to an electronic device.

Background

From the development of antennas to the present, there are a wide variety of types of antennas, each having specific characteristics, which are classified by the field of corresponding needs. The low-profile antenna is widely applied to the field of electronic products, and the microstrip antenna is the most common type in terms of processing implementation, wherein the patch antenna is also widely applied, and the patch antenna is a planar monopole antenna which can be traced to a large antenna class from the origin, and has a special phenomenon in pattern analysis, and two vertical patterns can be applied to polarization isolation and also can be applied to circular polarization in a large number.

As the demand for high-speed data transmission increases, the demand for antennas increases. However, the volume left for the antenna in the electronic device is limited, so the purpose of the antenna design is to cover the largest frequency range with the smallest volume, which requires a comprehensive utilization of the multiple modes of antenna operation.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides electronic equipment, which can comprise an antenna structure, wherein the antenna structure is excited into a plurality of modes by utilizing the band-pass characteristic of a feed branch at 0-180 degrees, so that resonance generated by the modes is slightly staggered, and broadband coverage of the antenna structure is realized.

In a first aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising an antenna structure, the antenna structure comprising: the metal radiation patch, the metal feeder line and the feeder unit; the feeding unit indirectly couples and feeds the metal radiation patch at one end of the metal feeder line; the other end of the metal feeder line is grounded.

The metal radiation patch and the metal feeder line are overlapped along a first direction, and the first direction is a direction perpendicular to a plane where the metal radiation patch is located.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, compared with direct feeding, the bandwidth of the antenna structure can be improved by indirect coupling feeding, and if the antenna structure can be more effectively excited to have multiple modes according to the magnetic loop feeding design scheme of short circuit at the tail end of the feeding branch, the working bandwidth of the antenna structure is effectively improved.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, a length of the metal feeder is less than one half of a wavelength corresponding to a maximum frequency of an operating frequency band of the antenna structure.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the resonance point of the half-mode resonance generated by the metal feeder is outside the working frequency band of the antenna structure, and cannot influence the working frequency band of the antenna structure.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the antenna structure further includes: and the parallel branch is electrically connected with the metal feeder.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the parallel branches can be used for adjusting the resonance points of the antenna structure so as to achieve optimal antenna matching. Meanwhile, a current zero point exists on the metal feed line, and if the current zero point is in the optimal excitation area of the left-tilting diagonal mode and the right-tilting diagonal mode, the two modes cannot be well excited. Therefore, after the parallel branches are added to the antenna structure, the parallel branches can be used for adjusting the current zero point on the metal feed line, and the current zero point is adjusted to deviate from the optimal excitation areas of the left-tilting diagonal mode and the right-tilting diagonal mode, so that the radiation characteristic of the antenna structure is better.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a width of the metal feeder line is less than 3mm.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a width of the metal feeder line is 1mm.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the width of the metal feeder line can be adjusted according to actual design and production requirements.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a width of the parallel branches is less than 3mm.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the width of the parallel branches is 1mm.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the width of the parallel branches can be adjusted according to actual design and production requirements.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the electronic device further includes: an antenna support; the metal radiation patch is arranged on the first surface of the antenna support, the metal feeder line is arranged on the second surface of the antenna support, and the first surface and the second surface are oppositely arranged.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the electronic device further includes: an antenna support and a rear cover; the metal radiation patch is arranged on the surface of the rear cover, and the metal feeder line is arranged on the surface of the antenna bracket.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the electronic device further includes: a rear cover; the metal radiation patch is arranged on the third surface of the rear cover, the metal feeder line is arranged on the fourth surface of the rear cover, and the third surface and the fourth surface are oppositely arranged.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the space in the electronic equipment is smaller, so that the arrangement modes of the antenna structures are provided, and the space in the electronic equipment can be effectively utilized.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the electronic device further includes: a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and a shielding case; the shielding cover is arranged on the PCB, and an electronic element is arranged in a space between the shielding cover and the PCB; the distance between the surface of the shielding cover and the metal radiation patch is smaller than 2mm.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the antenna structure can be arranged above the shielding cover, and the space utilization rate in the electronic equipment can be increased.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a distance between a surface of the shielding case and the metal radiating patch is 1.2mm.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the distance between the surface of the shielding cover and the metal radiation patch can be adjusted according to actual design and production requirements.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the radiation patch is rectangular or circular.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the shape of the radiation patch can provide more possibilities for antenna design according to actual design and production.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a conventional patch antenna.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of patch antenna pattern analysis provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of equal feeding of patch antennas provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a coupling structure of a microstrip line according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an open end of a feed branch provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 7 is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of the coupling structure in fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a short circuit at the end of a feed branch according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure fed in other manners provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 12 is an S-parameter diagram corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (a).

Fig. 13 is a smith chart corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (a).

Fig. 14 is an antenna efficiency simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (a).

Fig. 15 is an S-parameter diagram corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (b).

Fig. 16 is a smith chart corresponding to the antenna structure of (b) in fig. 11.

Fig. 17 is an antenna efficiency simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (b).

Fig. 18 is an S-parameter diagram corresponding to the antenna structure in fig. 9.

Fig. 19 is a smith chart corresponding to the antenna structure in fig. 9.

Fig. 20 is a simulation diagram of antenna efficiency corresponding to the antenna structure in fig. 9.

Fig. 21 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure operating in a lateral mode.

Fig. 22 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure operating in a right tilt diagonal mode.

Fig. 23 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure operating in a portrait mode.

Fig. 24 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure operating in a left tilt diagonal mode.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The technical scheme provided by the application is suitable for the electronic equipment adopting one or more of the following communication technologies: bluetooth (BT) communication technology, global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, wiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, and other communication technologies in the future. The electronic device in the embodiment of the application can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an intelligent bracelet, an intelligent watch, an intelligent helmet, intelligent glasses and the like. The electronic device may also be a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a session initiation protocol (session initiation protocol, SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (wireless local loop, WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, an electronic device in a 5G network or an electronic device in a future evolved public land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN), etc., as the embodiments of the present application are not limited in this respect.

Fig. 1 illustrates an internal environment of an electronic device based on which an antenna design scheme provided by the application is based, and the electronic device is used as a mobile phone for illustration.

As shown in fig. 1, the electronic device 10 may include: a glass cover (cover glass) 13, a display screen (display) 15, a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) 17, a housing (housing) 19 and a rear cover (rear cover) 21.

The glass cover plate 13 may be tightly attached to the display screen 15, and may be mainly used to protect the display screen 15 from dust.

The printed circuit board PCB17 may be a flame retardant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers (Rogers) dielectric board, a hybrid dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, or the like. Here, FR-4 is a code of a flame resistant material grade, rogers dielectric board is a high frequency board. The side of the printed circuit board PCB17 adjacent to the housing 19 may be provided with a metal layer which may be formed by etching metal at the surface of the PCB 17. The metal layer may be used to ground the electronic components carried on the printed circuit board PCB17 to prevent electrical shock or equipment damage to the user. The metal layer may be referred to as a PCB floor. The electronic device 10 may also have other floors, such as a metal center, for grounding, without limitation to PCB floors.

The electronic device 10 may also include a battery, among other things, not shown herein. The battery may be disposed in the housing 19, and the battery may be divided into a main board and a sub-board by the PCB17, the main board may be disposed between the housing 19 and an upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board may be disposed between the housing 19 and a lower edge of the battery.

The housing 19 mainly plays a supporting role of the whole machine. The housing 19 may include a bezel 11, and the bezel 11 may be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The bezel 11 may extend around the periphery of the electronic device 10 and the display screen 15, and the bezel 11 may specifically surround four sides of the display screen 15 to help secure the display screen 15. In one implementation, the bezel 11 made of metal material may be used directly as a metal bezel of the electronic device 10, forming the appearance of a metal bezel, suitable for metal ID. In another implementation, the outer surface of the bezel 11 may also be a non-metallic material, such as a plastic bezel, to form the appearance of a non-metallic bezel, suitable for non-metallic ID.

The rear cover 21 may be a rear cover made of a metal material, or a rear cover made of a non-conductive material, such as a glass rear cover, a plastic rear cover, or a non-metal rear cover.

Fig. 1 only schematically illustrates some of the components included in the electronic device 10, and the actual shape, actual size, and actual configuration of these components are not limited by fig. 1.

In recent years, mobile communication has become more and more important in people's life, and particularly, the time of the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system has come, the higher the requirement for antennas is. The limited volume available to the antenna in an electronic device is a major issue to be addressed as to how to minimize the antenna design volume and to achieve maximum coverage of the frequency range.

As shown in fig. 2, this antenna structure is then the most common patch antenna. The antenna structure shown in fig. 2 can excite different modes through the selection of different feed positions, the scheme has wider application, the unit array of various antenna arrays is in the form of the antenna, the proper selection of the feed positions can realize the circular polarization of the antenna, even more antenna feeds recently appear on the same antenna branch and the same frequency can be realized by utilizing natural transverse and longitudinal polarization modes, or the single feed is covered by double frequencies. However, when the scheme is applied to electronic equipment such as a mobile phone, the requirement on space is high, and particularly when the height is reduced to be within 2mm, the antenna has a large area and a high quality factor (Q), so that double frequencies which can be covered by the antenna are more and more difficult.

The application provides a magnetic loop type feeding scheme, which can overcome the defect that the original direct feeding and indirect coupling feeding with open ends can only excite a single mode or a double mode of a patch antenna. The technical scheme provided by the application can excite four modes of the patch antenna, and can effectively expand the bandwidth of the patch antenna.

Patch antennas, or so-called planar monopole antennas, have a wider plane of projection, with a lower profile height being distinguished from the rest of the antenna.

As shown in fig. 3, the surface of the patch antenna shown in fig. 3 is subjected to a eigenmode analysis. Several of the most basic modes are analyzed first, and for a planar monopole antenna, four basic modes may be included, where no unfolding analysis is performed as to the slot. The four basic modes are divided into: a landscape mode, a portrait mode, a right-tilt diagonal mode and a left-tilt diagonal mode. Hereinafter, four basic modes will be described with reference to fig. 3.

(1) Lateral mode: the transverse mode is the most ground mode in which the transverse axis direction satisfies the corresponding current distribution, and is excited by a feeding unit of 50Ω. The optimal excitation position for the transverse mode, i.e. the area between the corresponding double lines, is shown in fig. 3.

(2) Longitudinal mode: the longitudinal mode is the most ground mode in which the longitudinal axis direction satisfies the corresponding current distribution, and is excited by the feeding unit of 50Ω. The optimal excitation position for the longitudinal mode, i.e. the area between the corresponding double lines, is shown in fig. 3.

(3) Right tilt diagonal mode: the most ground mode of the corresponding current distribution is satisfied along the diagonal line of the right tilt, and excitation is performed by the feeding unit of 50Ω. The optimal excitation position for the right-angled diagonal mode, i.e. the area between the corresponding double lines, is shown in fig. 3.

(4) Left tilt diagonal mode: the most ground mode of the corresponding current distribution is satisfied along the left-leaning diagonal, and excitation is performed through the 50 omega feeding unit. The optimal excitation position for the left-leaning diagonal mode, i.e. the area between the corresponding double lines, is shown in fig. 3.

From the above analysis, it can be seen that the illustrated diagonal black shadow areas are at ideal feeding positions for both the transverse mode and the longitudinal mode, so that the feeding unit can excite both the transverse and longitudinal modes in the corresponding shadow areas. This feature is more useful in circularly polarized antennas. Also, it can be seen that the illustrated horizontal gray shaded area is at a more ideal feed position for both left-tilt diagonal and right-tilt diagonal modes, so that the feed unit can excite both left-tilt diagonal and right-tilt diagonal modes in the corresponding shaded area.

Patch antennas are also used in broadband antennas, where a transverse mode and a longitudinal mode can be used, where the two modes are polarization isolated from each other, and when the resonances created by the transverse mode and the longitudinal mode are slightly offset, the patch antenna can achieve a wider bandwidth. Alternatively, the same effect can be achieved by using the left-diagonal mode and the right-diagonal mode. However, if a wider bandwidth requirement is required, it can be seen from fig. 3 that it is difficult to obtain the optimum excitation position where one point can be in four modes at the same time in the conventional direct feeding manner. This means that in the structural design of the patch antenna, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of simultaneous excitation in three modes or four modes by direct feeding through a single feeding unit.

By the way of fig. 3, it is assumed that there is a feeding structure in the structural design of the patch antenna that can achieve an equal feeding effect in the black area shown in fig. 4, four basic modes can be excited simultaneously. After that, the resonance generated by the four basic modes can be slightly misplaced by adjusting the size of the radiation patch or other modes, so that the problem of bandwidth expansion of the patch antenna can be solved.

The coupling structure is easily conceivable for the purpose of equal feeding as shown in fig. 4. But unlike conventional quarter-coupling feeding, the nature of quarter-coupling feeding still enables a single feeding point to be changed from open to short circuit, or single-point feeding. For ease of calculation, this coupling structure can be abstracted by equating the coupling structure to a feed stub and a coupling stub, as shown in fig. 5.

As shown in fig. 5, the coupling structure of the microstrip line can obtain many unit circuit characteristics by analyzing network parameters of four ports. In practice, the coupling structure of the microstrip line can be used as a four-port network, and can be used as a filter circuit unit besides a microstrip directional coupler. When the coupling structure of the microstrip line is used as a filter circuit unit, two ports of the microstrip line are often led out to be short-circuited or open-circuited, so that only two ports are connected with other circuits, a two-port network is actually formed, a certain port condition is led in, the four-port network is changed into the two-port network, and the network characteristics of the four-port network are solved. As shown in fig. 5, a section of coupling microstrip with an electrical angle L is arranged in the coupling structure of the microstrip line, the 1 port and the 3 port are arranged to be connected with two ports of other circuits, and the corresponding matrix parameters can be solved by giving different conditions to the 2 port and the 4 port.

And when the 4 ports are opened, microstrip lines at which the 1 ports and the 4 ports are positioned are feed branches, and microstrip lines at which the 2 ports and the 3 ports are positioned are coupling branches, namely fed branches. The four-port network can be reduced to a 1-port to 2-port and a 1-port to 3-port two-port network as shown in fig. 6.

As shown in fig. 6 (a), the four-port network is simplified to two portsNetwork, then by I ₂ ＝I ₄ =0, consider only 1 port and 3 ports, where I ₂ For a current of 2 ports, I ₄ Is a 4-port current.

Odd and even mode impedances Zo and Ze are introduced to calculate 1-port and 3-port characteristics:

U1＝Z ₁₁ I ₁ +Z ₁₃ I ₃ ；

U3＝Z ₃₁ I ₁ +Z ₃₃ I ₃ ；

and wherein the first and second light sources are arranged,

Z ₁₁ ＝Z ₃₃ ＝-j(Ze+Zo)cotL/2；

Z ₁₃ ＝Z ₃₁ ＝-j(Ze-Zo)cscL/2；

wherein U1 is the voltage of 1 port, U3 is the voltage of 3 port, I ₁ 1 current at port I ₃ For 3-port current, Z ₁₁ When the other ports except the 1 port are open, the characteristic impedance of the 1 port is that Z ₃₃ When the other ports except the 3 ports are open, the characteristic impedance of the 3 ports, Z ₁₃ When the other ports except the 3 ports are open, the characteristic impedance from 3 ports to 1 port is Z ₃₁ Is the characteristic impedance from 1 port to 3 ports when the ports other than 1 port are open.

As shown in the above formula, when the 4 ports are opened, the equivalent circuit corresponding to the two-port network has the bandpass characteristic.

According to the calculated parameters of the dual-port network, a circuit equivalent schematic diagram can be obtained.

Fig. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the coupling structure in fig. 6 obtained according to the parameters of the dual-port network according to the embodiment of the present application.

The two-port network shown in fig. 6 (a) is an equivalent circuit shown in fig. 7 (a) by parameter analysis of the two-port network. The equivalent circuit diagram shown in fig. 7 (a) is a band-pass filter design unit.

According to the equivalent circuit diagram shown in (a) of fig. 7, it is assumed that the frequency band to be fed is f and the electrical angle l=θ=90°. It will be appreciated that the electrical angle corresponds to the electrical length, with 1 wavelength corresponding to 360 °, i.e. L is a quarter wavelength.

Alternatively, an open line may be connected in series on the main line between the 1 port and the 3 port, with an impedance of 0, having no influence on the main line, and the position of the current zero point on the main line may be adjusted by the open line.

At this time, the impedance of the main line is (ZeZo)/2, which can be set according to the path impedance requirement corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna. Specifically, the odd mode impedance Zo and the even mode impedance Ze can be controlled by the line spacing, the line width, and the dielectric constant. Then the equivalent circuit is a trip point at θ=0° on the main line between the 1 port and the 3 port; a short circuit point at θ=90°; at θ=180° is a trip point.

According to this thought analysis, an equivalent circuit diagram between the 1 port and the 2 port shown in (b) in fig. 6 can be obtained as shown in (b) in fig. 7, and a transmission characteristic between the 1 port and the 2 port whose impedance parameter characteristics are:

Z ₁₁ ＝Z ₁₂ -jZo cotL；

Z ₁₂ ＝-j(Ze-Zo)cotL/2；

wherein Z is ₁₂ Is the characteristic impedance from 2 ports to 1 port when the ports except the 2 ports are open.

As shown in the formula, when the 4 ports are opened, the equivalent circuits corresponding to the two port networks have full resistance.

Therefore, when the 4-port is open, the coupling branch joint where the whole 2-port and the 3-port are located has a band-pass characteristic, and at a position with a smaller electrical angle, the coupling branch joint does not have a channel characteristic, and at the position, the characteristic impedance corresponding to the position is smaller than zero and cannot be transmitted, namely when L is smaller, the coupling branch joint has a band-stop characteristic between the 1-port and the 2-port. That is, for the entire coupling stub where the 2-port and the 3-port are located, the 2-port and the 3-port cannot be simultaneously in the path state.

Then, the assumption may be continued that another possibility of 4 ports on the feed branch, i.e. 3 ports short to ground, is provided. Assuming a 4-port open circuit, a four-port network can be reduced to a 1-port to 2-port and a 1-port to 3-port two-port network, as shown in fig. 8.

From the above-described thought analysis, the transmission characteristics between the 1-port and the 3-port shown in (a) in fig. 8 can be obtained, with the impedance parameter characteristics being:

Z ₁₁ ＝Z ₃₃ ＝-j(Ze+Zo)cotθ/2；

Z ₁₃ ＝Z ₃₁ ＝-j(Ze-Zo)cscL/2；

as shown in the above formula, the two-port network has a bandpass characteristic when the 4-port is shorted, as in the equivalent circuit of (a) in fig. 6.

From the above-described thought analysis, the transmission characteristics between the 1-port and the 2-port shown in (b) of fig. 8 can be obtained, with the impedance parameter characteristics being:

Z ₁₁ ＝j(Ze+Zo)tanθ/2；

Z ₂₂ ＝-j(Ze+Zo)cotθ/2+j[(Ze-Zo) ² /(Ze+Zo)]cos2θ；

Z ₁₂ ＝Z ₂₁ ＝j(Ze-Zo)tanθ/2；

as shown in the above formula, when the 4 ports are short-circuited, the two-port network has a bandpass characteristic.

Therefore, when 4 ports are shorted, the two-port network has bandpass characteristics for both 1 port to 2 port and 1 port to 3 port. It can be found that the coupling branches have a more desirable bandpass characteristic for a four-port network with 4-port shorts of the feed branches.

From this comparison it can be seen that a four-port network, when one port of the feed branch is in a different state (short or open), is different for the characteristics of the coupling branch:

(1) When the tail end of the feed branch is open, the coupling branch has a certain bandwidth, but has full resistance for the position with smaller electric angle, and the equivalent band-pass bandwidth in the whole working frequency band is narrower;

(2) When the tail ends of the feed branches are short-circuited, the coupling branches have certain bandpass characteristics at any point, the specific bandwidth and loss of the coupling branches are influenced by Zes and Zo of the four-port network and are also greatly influenced by media, but the coupling branches have ideal feed effect.

According to the characteristics, the embodiment of the application designs a magnetic ring feed structure with a short circuit at the tail end by utilizing the characteristics, and uses the band-pass characteristics of the magnetic ring feed structure at 0-180 degrees to excite four basic modes of the patch antenna, so that resonance generated by the four basic modes is slightly staggered, and the maximum bandwidth coverage of the patch antenna is realized.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the antenna structure shown in fig. 9 may be applied to the electronic device shown in fig. 1.

As shown in fig. 9, the antenna structure may include a metal radiating patch 110, a metal feed line 120, and a feed unit 130.

The feeding unit 130 indirectly couples and feeds the metal radiation patch 110 at one end of the metal feeder line 120, and the other end of the metal feeder line 120 is grounded. The metal radiating patch 110 and the metal feeder line 120 overlap in a first direction, which is a direction perpendicular to a plane in which the metal radiating patch 110 is located.

It should be understood that indirect coupling is a concept that is opposed to direct coupling, i.e., spaced-apart coupling, and that there is no direct electrical connection between the two. Whereas direct coupling is a direct electrical connection, feeding directly at the feeding point. Meanwhile, one end of the metal feeder line 120 may be a distance from one end of the metal feeder line 120 to an end point, not one point. The other end of the metal feeder 120 can be understood as the concept described above.

Alternatively, in the electronic device, the floor may be a middle frame or a PCB. The PCB is formed by laminating a plurality of layers of dielectric plates, and a metal plating layer exists in the plurality of layers of dielectric plates and can be used as a reference ground of the antenna.

Alternatively, the metal feed line 120 length L3 may be less than one half of the wavelength corresponding to the maximum frequency of the operating band of the antenna structure.

It should be appreciated that since the length L3 of the metal feeder line 120 is less than one half of the wavelength corresponding to the maximum frequency of the operating band of the antenna structure, the resonance point of the half-mode resonance generated by the metal feeder line 120 is outside the operating band of the antenna structure and does not affect the operating band of the antenna structure.

Optionally, the antenna structure may further include a parallel stub 140, and the parallel stub 140 may be electrically connected with the metal feeder 120. The parallel branches 140 may be used to adjust the resonance point of the antenna structure to achieve optimal antenna matching. Meanwhile, in the coupling structure of the microstrip line with equivalent antenna structure, the currents transmitted from the 1 port to the 2 port and the 3 port are reversed, so that the current zero point exists on the metal feeder line 120, and if the current zero point is in the optimal excitation area of the left-tilt diagonal mode and the right-tilt diagonal mode, the two modes cannot be excited well. Therefore, after the parallel branch 140 is added to the antenna structure, the parallel branch 140 can be used for adjusting the current zero point on the metal feeder line 120, and the current zero point is adjusted to deviate from the optimal excitation areas of the left-tilt diagonal mode and the right-tilt diagonal mode, so that the radiation characteristic of the antenna structure is better.

It should be appreciated that the shunt stub 140 is only one way to adjust the radiation performance of the antenna structure, and that a series bracket may be used to achieve the above effect, i.e., the width of the metal feed line 120 may be adjusted throughout, or slots may be formed in the metal feed line 120 to achieve the above effect. This is not a limitation of the present application, and the parallel branches 140 are merely taken as an example.

Alternatively, the length L4 of the parallel branches 140 may be less than 15mm, and for brevity of description, L4 is exemplified by 6mm, it should be understood that the length L4 of the parallel branches 140 may be adjusted according to actual design and production requirements.

Alternatively, the width W1 of the metal feed line 120 may be less than 3mm, for simplicity of description, W1 is exemplified as 1mm, it being understood that the width W1 of the metal feed line 120 may be adjusted according to actual design and production requirements.

Alternatively, the length L1 of the metal radiating patch 110 may be less than 50mm, and the width L2 may be less than 50mm, and for brevity of description, taking L1 of 23.5mm and L2 of 19mm as an example, it should be understood that the length L1 and the width L2 of the metal radiating patch 110 may be adjusted according to actual design and production requirements.

Alternatively, the length L3 of the metal feeder 120 may be less than 25mm, for simplicity of description, L3 is exemplified as 18mm, it being understood that the length L3 of the metal feeder 120 may be adjusted according to actual design and production requirements.

Alternatively, the distance H1 between the metal radiating patch 110 and the metal feeder line 120 may be less than 2mm, with H1 being exemplified as 0.4mm for brevity of description. The distance H1 may be a distance in a vertical direction between the metal radiating patch 110 and the metal feeder line 120 or may be a straight line distance between two adjacent nearest points on the metal radiating patch 110 and the metal feeder line 120.

It should be understood that the dimensions of the antenna structure described above are used by way of example only, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the dimensions of the antenna structure, and may be modified in a simulation manner according to specific production and design requirements. Meanwhile, the metal radiating patch 110 may be any shape, for example, may be a circle, a rectangle, a polygon, etc., and the embodiment of the present application is described only by using the metal radiating patch 110 as a rectangle for convenience of description, but the shape of the metal radiating patch 110 is not limited.

As shown in fig. 10, the electronic device may further include an antenna mount 210 and a shield 220.

Wherein the antenna bracket 210 may be disposed between the PCB17 and the rear cover 21 of the electronic device. The surface of the PCB14 adjacent to the antenna mount may be provided with a shield can 220, and the shield can 220 may be used to protect the electronic components on the PCB17 from the external electromagnetic environment.

Alternatively, the metal radiating patch 110 may be disposed on the surface of the rear cover 21, and the metal feed line 120 may be disposed on the surface of the antenna bracket 210.

It should be understood that the arrangement mode of the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application is only one of a plurality of arrangement modes in practical application. For example, the metal radiating patch 110 may be disposed on a first surface of the antenna support 210, and the metal feeding line 120 may be disposed on a second surface of the antenna support 210, where the first surface and the second surface are disposed opposite to each other; alternatively, the metal radiating patch 110 may be disposed on a third surface of the rear cover 21, and the metal feeding line 120 may be disposed on a fourth surface of the rear cover 21, the third surface and the fourth surface being disposed opposite to each other. The specific arrangement mode of the antenna structure is not limited in the application.

Alternatively, due to the compact space within the electronic device, the distance between the surface of the shield 220 and the metal radiating patch 110 may be less than 2mm, i.e. h1+h2<2mm.

Alternatively, the distance H2 between the metal feeder 120 and the shield 220 may be 0.8mm.

To compare the effect of the three feeding patterns on the patch antenna bandwidth in the above theoretical analysis, an antenna structure as shown in fig. 11 was provided as a comparison patch antenna structure. The antenna structure shown in fig. 11 (a) adopts a direct feed method. The antenna structure shown in fig. 11 (b) is fed in such a manner that the ends of the feed branches are open. For comparison with the antenna structure shown in fig. 9, the dimensions of the metal radiating patches in fig. 11 (a) and (b) are the same as those of the metal radiating patches in fig. 9, and are 23.5mm×19mm.

For the antenna structure shown in fig. 11 (b), in order to ensure accuracy of comparison, the resonance generated by the feeding branch 310 is controlled to 6.5GHz, which does not affect the frequency band within the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure, so the length L5 of the feeding branch may be 10mm. Meanwhile, the width W2 of the feeding stub 310 may be set to be the same as the width W1 of the metal feeder line shown in fig. 9, and may be 1mm. And the length of the parallel stub 320 is adjusted to adjust the depth of resonance generated by the antenna structure at this time, which may be 3mm.

Fig. 12 to 14 are schematic diagrams of simulations corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (a). Fig. 12 is an S-parameter diagram corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (a). Fig. 13 is a smith chart corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (a). Fig. 14 is an antenna efficiency simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (a).

As shown in fig. 12 to 14, the Bandwidth (BW) of the antenna structure is counted, bounded by the return loss < -4dB, the efficiency > -3 dB. At this time, bw=500 MHz corresponding to the antenna structure employing direct feeding in (a) of fig. 11.

Fig. 15 to 17 are schematic diagrams of simulations corresponding to the antenna structure of (b) in fig. 11. Fig. 15 is an S-parameter diagram corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (b). Fig. 16 is a smith chart corresponding to the antenna structure of (b) in fig. 11. Fig. 17 is an antenna efficiency simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna structure of fig. 11 (b).

As shown in fig. 15 to 17, compared with the direct feed, the coupling feed has a band-pass characteristic with a certain bandwidth due to the parameter characteristic, and is in a mode of 4.4GHz, which can be excited, but the circuit characteristic is that the coupling feed is at the edge of the filter, and the excitation is insufficient to excite the coupling feed to have a good effect. Bounded by return loss < -4dB, efficiency > -3dB, where bw=600 MHz for the antenna structure with the feed stub end open in fig. 11 (a).

Fig. 18 to 20 are schematic diagrams of simulation corresponding to the antenna structure in fig. 9. Fig. 18 is an S-parameter diagram corresponding to the antenna structure in fig. 9. Fig. 19 is a smith chart corresponding to the antenna structure in fig. 9. Fig. 20 is a simulation diagram of antenna efficiency corresponding to the antenna structure in fig. 9.

In order to ensure accuracy of comparison, resonance generated by the metal feeder line 120 is controlled to 6.5GHz, and frequency bands in the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure are not affected. Simultaneously, the parallel branches 140 at the corresponding positions are optimized to optimize the resonance of the antenna structure to achieve optimal antenna matching.

As shown in fig. 18 to 20, several modes of the antenna structure are in a better state of excitation. The return loss < -4dB, efficiency > -3dB is taken as a limit, and at this time, bw=1100 MHz corresponding to the antenna structure in which the ends of the feed branches are shorted in fig. 9.

Compared with the simulation of the 3 antenna structures, the bandwidth of the antenna structure can be improved by coupling feeding compared with direct feeding, and if the antenna structure can be more effectively excited to have multiple modes according to the magnetic loop feeding design scheme of short circuit at the tail end of a feeding branch, the improvement effect is obvious according to efficiency.

According to the antenna structure shown in fig. 9, the corresponding antenna patterns are simulated as shown in fig. 21 to 24. Wherein fig. 21 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure operating in a lateral mode. Fig. 22 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure operating in a right tilt diagonal mode. Fig. 23 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure operating in a portrait mode. Fig. 24 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure operating in a left tilt diagonal mode.

As shown in fig. 21, the antenna structure may operate in a lateral mode at 4.3 GHz. As shown in fig. 22, the antenna structure may operate in a right tilt diagonal mode at 4.8 GHz. As shown in fig. 23, the antenna structure may operate in a portrait mode at 5.5 GHz. As shown in fig. 24, the antenna structure may operate in a left tilt diagonal mode at 5.8 GHz.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, or may be in electrical or other forms.

The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An electronic device comprising an antenna structure, the antenna structure comprising:

the metal radiation patch, the metal feeder line and the feeder unit are overlapped along a first direction, wherein the first direction is a direction perpendicular to a plane where the metal radiation patch is positioned;

the feeding unit indirectly couples and feeds the metal radiation patch at one end of the metal feeder line;

the other end of the metal feeder line is grounded.

2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the length of the metal feed line is less than one half of a wavelength corresponding to a maximum frequency of an operating frequency band of the antenna structure.

3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the antenna structure further comprises: and the parallel branch is electrically connected with the metal feeder.

4. An electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the width of the metal feeder is less than 3mm.

5. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the width of the metal feeder line is 1mm.

6. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the width of the parallel branches is less than 3mm.

7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the width of the parallel branches is 1mm.

8. The electronic device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electronic device further comprises:

an antenna support;

the metal radiation patch is arranged on the first surface of the antenna support, the metal feeder line is arranged on the second surface of the antenna support, and the first surface and the second surface are oppositely arranged.

9. The electronic device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electronic device further comprises:

an antenna support and a rear cover;

the metal radiation patch is arranged on the surface of the rear cover, and the metal feeder line is arranged on the surface of the antenna bracket.

10. The electronic device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electronic device further comprises:

a rear cover;

the metal radiation patch is arranged on the third surface of the rear cover, the metal feeder line is arranged on the fourth surface of the rear cover, and the third surface and the fourth surface are oppositely arranged.

11. The electronic device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electronic device further comprises:

a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and a shielding case;

the shielding cover is arranged on the PCB, and an electronic element is arranged in a space between the shielding cover and the PCB;

the distance between the surface of the shielding cover and the metal radiation patch is smaller than 2mm.

12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein a distance between a surface of the shield and the metallic radiating patch is 1.2mm.

13. The electronic device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the radiating patch is rectangular or circular.