CN112909305A - Control method for fault shutdown of hydrogen fuel cell system - Google Patents
Control method for fault shutdown of hydrogen fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112909305A CN112909305A CN202110197413.3A CN202110197413A CN112909305A CN 112909305 A CN112909305 A CN 112909305A CN 202110197413 A CN202110197413 A CN 202110197413A CN 112909305 A CN112909305 A CN 112909305A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for fault shutdown of a hydrogen fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps: the FCU acquires a fault signal, and the FCU enters a fault state from an operating state; in the fault state, the FCU determines fault grade information according to the fault signal; the FCU controls the state of the hydrogen fuel cell system according to the fault grade information, and controls the hydrogen fuel cell system to execute primary fault shutdown if the fault grade information is a primary fault signal; if the fault grade information is a secondary fault signal, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell system to execute secondary fault shutdown; the hydrogen fuel cell system completes a shutdown due to a fault. The service life and the safety of the fuel cell system are improved through different fault shutdown strategies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell control, in particular to a control method for fault shutdown of a hydrogen fuel cell system.
Background
At present, the fuel cell only contains water as a product, so that the environment cannot be polluted, and meanwhile, the energy conversion efficiency is high, so that the fuel cell has a good development prospect compared with a traditional engine.
However, the durability of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is affected by the fuel cell system under variable operating conditions. Particularly, in the shutdown situation, it is easy to cause open circuit voltage formed by electrochemical reaction between hydrogen remaining on the anode side and air on the cathode side and hydrogen air interface formed on the anode, and corrosion of the catalyst carbon carrier is easy to cause performance degradation and life reduction of the fuel cell system.
Patent application publication No. CN111668520A discloses a fuel cell system and a shutdown control method thereof, which employs air of an air system to purge a hydrogen chamber. The patent application publication No. CN111703336A discloses a power-off control system and a control method for a fuel cell vehicle, in which a fuel cell system high-voltage accessory is controlled by a VCU to be powered off.
In summary, the conventional methods for controlling the shutdown of the hydrogen fuel cell system in the failure mode are few, and most of the methods concern normal shutdown and are not optimized for the shutdown in the failure mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a control method for shutdown of a hydrogen fuel cell system, which aims to solve one or more technical problems in the prior art and at least provides a beneficial choice or creation condition.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell system to shutdown due to a fault, where the hydrogen fuel cell system includes a control system, the control system includes a hydrogen fuel cell system controller FCU, and the control method includes the following steps:
s101, the FCU acquires a fault signal, and the FCU enters a fault state from an operating state;
s102, in the fault state, the FCU determines fault grade information according to a fault signal;
s103, the FCU controls the state of the hydrogen fuel cell system according to the fault grade information, and controls the hydrogen fuel cell system to execute primary fault shutdown if the fault grade information is a primary fault signal; if the fault grade information is a secondary fault signal, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell system to execute secondary fault shutdown;
and S104, completing the fault shutdown of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
The control system further comprises an FCU low-voltage relay, a variable auxiliary load relay, a pile relay, a plurality of sensors and a plurality of accessory controllers, wherein the FCU is respectively connected with the FCU low-voltage relay, the variable auxiliary load relay, the pile relay, the sensors and the accessory controllers, the sensors are connected to a power supply by controlling the FCU low-voltage relay, the pile is controlled to output electric energy by controlling the pile relay, the pile is controlled to discharge by using the variable auxiliary load by controlling the variable auxiliary load relay, the sensors are used for detecting parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the accessory controllers are used for controlling accessories in the hydrogen fuel cell system;
the control system further comprises a plurality of accessory sensors and a plurality of accessory relays, the number of the accessory relays is the same as that of the accessory controllers, the accessory relays are connected with the accessory controllers in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the accessory controllers are connected with at least one accessory sensor, and the accessory sensors are used for detecting the fault states of the accessories.
Further, the detecting of the failure signal by the hydrogen fuel cell system in step S101 includes:
s201, an accessory controller detects whether the accessory state controlled by the accessory controller is normal or not;
s202, whether the accessory controller does not receive the numerical value of any accessory sensor within a first time period or not is judged to be normal if not, and is judged to be abnormal if not;
s203, the plurality of accessory sensors respectively send the values to the corresponding accessory controllers, and after the accessory controllers receive the values of the accessory sensors, the accessory controllers judge whether the values of the accessory sensors are normal or not;
s204, judging whether the FCU does not receive the numerical value of any sensor or any accessory controller in a second time period, if not, judging the FCU is normal, and if so, judging the FCU is abnormal;
s205, the plurality of sensors respectively send the numerical values to the FCU, and after the FCU receives the numerical values of the sensors, whether the numerical values of the sensors are normal or not is judged;
and S204, if the results of the steps S201, S202, S203, S204 and S205 are all normal, the hydrogen fuel cell is in a normal operation state, otherwise, the accessory controller generates a fault signal and sends the fault signal to the FCU or the FCU generates the fault signal.
Further, the plurality of sensors comprise an air inlet temperature pressure sensor, a reactor entering water temperature pressure sensor, a reactor exiting water temperature sensor and a hydrogen reactor entering pressure sensor, which are respectively used for detecting the temperature and the pressure of an air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the temperature and the pressure of reactor entering water, the temperature of reactor exiting water and the hydrogen reactor entering pressure;
the plurality of accessory controllers comprise an air compressor controller, a PTC controller, a hydrogen circulating pump controller, a circulating water pump controller, a DC/DC controller and a voltage detection module controller, the accessories comprise high-voltage accessories, the high-voltage accessories comprise a hydrogen circulating pump, a circulating water pump, an air compressor and a PTC heater, the accessories further comprise a DC/DC module and a voltage detection module, the air compressor controller, the PTC controller, the hydrogen circulating pump controller and the circulating water pump controller are respectively used for controlling the air compressor, the PTC heater, the hydrogen circulating pump, the circulating water pump, the DC/DC module and the voltage detection module;
the plurality of accessory sensors include a first current sensor, a first voltage sensor, a first temperature sensor, a hydrogen concentration sensor; the voltage detection module comprises a second voltage sensor which is used as an accessory sensor of the voltage detection module;
the first current sensor, the first voltage sensor and the first temperature sensor are respectively used for detecting the current at the output end, the voltage at the output end and the temperature of the galvanic pile of the DC/DC module; the current and the voltage of the output end of the DC/DC module are respectively used as the output current and the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system;
the second voltage sensor is used for detecting the voltage of the single cell of the pile;
and the hydrogen concentration sensor is used for detecting the hydrogen concentration, and when the detected hydrogen concentration is greater than a concentration threshold value, the hydrogen is considered to be leaked.
Further, the step S102 includes:
s301, the FCU judges whether the fault signal represents one of the following conditions:
the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than a first current threshold or the output current is reversed;
the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a first voltage threshold value or the voltage of the single cell of the electric pile is smaller than a second voltage threshold value, wherein the second voltage threshold value is smaller than the first voltage threshold value;
the temperature of the reactor entering water is greater than a first temperature threshold or less than a second temperature threshold, or the temperature of the reactor exiting water is greater than a third temperature threshold or less than a fourth temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold, and the fourth temperature threshold is less than the third temperature threshold;
the pressure of the air inlet is greater than a first air pressure threshold, or the pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor is greater than a first hydrogen pressure, or the pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor is less than a second hydrogen pressure, and the second hydrogen pressure is less than the first hydrogen pressure;
a failure of a hydrogen intake valve or a failure of an intake throttle valve or a failure of an exhaust throttle valve;
the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor is greater than a concentration threshold value;
the time for actively discharging using the variable auxiliary load exceeds a time set value;
s302, when the fault signal acquired by the FCU represents one of the conditions in the step S301, generating a primary fault signal; otherwise, judging whether the fault signal represents one of the following conditions:
the deviation of the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell system from the current set value is greater than a first deviation threshold;
the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than a second current threshold, wherein the second current threshold is less than the first current threshold;
the voltage of the single cell of the electric pile of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a third voltage threshold value, wherein the third voltage threshold value is larger than the second voltage threshold value;
the pressure of the air inlet is greater than a second air pressure threshold, or the hydrogen stacking pressure is greater than a third hydrogen pressure or less than a fourth hydrogen pressure, the second air pressure threshold is less than the first air pressure threshold, the third hydrogen pressure is less than the first hydrogen pressure and greater than the fourth hydrogen pressure, and the fourth hydrogen pressure is greater than the second hydrogen pressure;
the difference value between the hydrogen stacking pressure and the air inlet pressure is larger than a first pressure difference threshold value, or smaller than a second pressure difference threshold value, wherein the second pressure difference threshold value is smaller than the first pressure difference threshold value;
the method comprises the following steps that a circulating water pump fails or an FCU does not receive a signal of a circulating water pump controller within a first time threshold value;
the hydrogen circulation pump fails or the FCU does not receive a signal of the hydrogen circulation pump controller within a second time threshold;
the FCU does not receive a signal of the voltage detection module controller within a third time threshold;
a PTC heater failure or the FCU not receiving a signal from the PTC controller within a fourth time threshold;
s303, when the fault signal acquired by the FCU represents one of the conditions in the step S302, generating a secondary fault signal; otherwise, other fault signals are generated.
Further, the step of performing a primary shutdown in step S103 includes:
s401, the FCU disconnects the electric energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell and closes the variable auxiliary load relay;
s402, the FCU closes an air inlet throttle valve and an air outlet throttle valve of an air system and a hydrogen inlet valve of a hydrogen system, and when the air inlet throttle valve fails or the hydrogen inlet valve fails to close, the FCU closes a power supply of the air inlet throttle valve or closes a power supply of the hydrogen inlet valve;
s403, the FCU sends closing signals to the hydrogen circulating pump controller, the air compressor controller and the PTC controller, and when the high-voltage accessory is shut down or powered off, the FCU disconnects a high-voltage accessory relay, wherein the high-voltage accessory relay is a relay used for connecting the output end of the DC/DC and the high-voltage accessory;
s404, the FCU adjusts the auxiliary load current value of the variable auxiliary load according to the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system, so that the auxiliary load current value is gradually reduced;
s405, when the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a voltage set value, keeping the current value of the auxiliary load as a preset current value, and when the duration of the current value of the auxiliary load as the preset current value reaches a fifth time threshold value, if the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is still smaller than the voltage set value, the FCU disconnects the variable auxiliary load relay, and S406 is executed; otherwise, directly executing S406;
s406, the FCU disconnects the FCU low-voltage relay switch to complete primary fault shutdown.
Further, the step of performing a secondary shutdown in step S103 includes:
s501, the FCU disconnects the electric energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell and closes the variable auxiliary load relay;
s502, the FCU sends a closing signal to close the air compressor, the air inlet throttle valve, the exhaust throttle valve and the hydrogen tail exhaust valve;
s503, the FCU judges whether a normal working signal sent by the hydrogen circulating pump controller is received or not; if the normal working signal cannot be received, closing the hydrogen circulating pump, opening a hydrogen tail discharge valve when the difference value between the hydrogen stacking pressure and the pressure of the air inlet is greater than a preset pressure value, discharging redundant hydrogen, and executing S504; otherwise, directly executing S504;
s504, adjusting the auxiliary load current value of the variable auxiliary load according to the output voltage of the fuel cell system to enable the auxiliary load current value to be gradually reduced;
s505, when the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a voltage set value, keeping the current value of the auxiliary load as a preset current value, and when the duration of the current value of the auxiliary load as the preset current value reaches a fifth time threshold value, if the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is still smaller than the voltage set value, disconnecting the auxiliary load relay, and executing S506; otherwise, directly executing S506;
s506, closing the hydrogen inlet valve;
s507, when the temperature of the galvanic pile is smaller than a temperature set value, the FCU sends a closing signal to a circulating water pump controller, a PTC controller and a hydrogen circulating pump controller, and when the high-voltage accessory is shut down or powered off, the FCU disconnects a high-voltage accessory relay, wherein the high-voltage accessory relay is used for connecting the output end of the DC/DC with the high-voltage accessory;
and S508, the FCU disconnects the FCU low-voltage relay to complete secondary fault shutdown.
Further, the control method further includes: and if the fault grade information is neither the primary fault signal nor the secondary fault signal, not executing fault shutdown.
The control method for the fault shutdown of the hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: when the hydrogen fuel cell is in the running state, when a fault signal is detected, entering a fault state from the running state; and the FCU judges whether the fault signal belongs to the primary fault signal, if so, the primary fault shutdown is executed, otherwise, the fault signal belongs to the secondary fault signal, if so, the secondary fault shutdown is executed, and otherwise, the FCU does not execute the shutdown action. The service life and the safety of the fuel cell system are improved through different fault shutdown strategies.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a failure of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that although functional block divisions are provided in the system drawings and logical orders are shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown and described may be performed in different orders than the block divisions in the systems or in the flowcharts. The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, and the drawings described above, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
As shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen fuel cell system includes a control system, the control system includes a hydrogen fuel cell system controller FCU, an FCU low-voltage relay, a stack relay, a variable auxiliary load relay, a plurality of sensors, and a plurality of accessory controllers, the FCU is connected with the FCU low-voltage relay, the stack relay, the variable auxiliary load relay, the plurality of sensors, and the plurality of accessory controllers, the FCU is controlled to connect the plurality of sensors to a power supply, the power supply is a 12V battery, the 12V battery is connected with the FCU through the FCU low-voltage relay, and when the FCU low-voltage relay is closed, the FCU converts the 12V voltage into a 5V voltage to be supplied to the plurality of sensors, so that the plurality of sensors are powered on.
The electric energy output by the electric pile is controlled by controlling an electric pile relay, the sensors are used for detecting parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the accessory controllers are used for controlling accessories in the hydrogen fuel cell system.
The variable auxiliary load relay is controlled to connect the variable auxiliary load into the electric pile, and the discharge of the hydrogen fuel cell system through the variable auxiliary load is realized by controlling the current value of the variable auxiliary load.
The sensors comprise an air inlet flow sensor, an air inlet temperature pressure sensor, an air outlet temperature pressure sensor, a reactor entering water temperature pressure sensor, a reactor exiting water temperature sensor and a hydrogen reactor entering pressure sensor which are respectively used for detecting the air inlet flow, the air inlet temperature and pressure, the air outlet temperature and pressure, the reactor entering water temperature and pressure, the reactor exiting water temperature and the hydrogen reactor entering pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
The plurality of accessory controllers include an air compressor controller, a PTC controller, a hydrogen circulation pump controller, a DC/DC controller, a voltage detection module controller.
Fig. 2 provides a control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system shutdown, the control method including the steps of:
s101, the FCU acquires a fault signal, and the FCU enters a fault state from an operating state;
wherein the FCU enters a fault state as long as it detects a fault signal.
S102, in the fault state, the FCU determines fault grade information according to a fault signal;
after the FCU acquires the fault signal, the fault signal is graded, whether the fault signal belongs to a primary fault signal or not is judged, if yes, the primary fault signal is generated, otherwise, whether the fault signal belongs to a secondary fault signal or not is judged, if yes, the secondary fault signal is generated, and if not, other fault grade signals are generated.
S103, the FCU controls the state of the hydrogen fuel cell system according to the fault grade information, and controls the hydrogen fuel cell system to execute primary fault shutdown if the fault grade information is a primary fault signal; if the fault grade information is a secondary fault signal, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell system to execute secondary fault shutdown;
and if the fault grade signal is neither a primary fault signal nor a secondary fault signal, the FCU does not execute fault shutdown.
And S104, completing the fault shutdown of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
The FCU disconnects the FCU low-voltage relay switch to complete fault shutdown.
Further, the control system further comprises a plurality of accessory relays and a plurality of accessory sensors (not shown in fig. 1), the number of the accessory relays is the same as that of the accessory controllers, the accessory relays are correspondingly connected with the accessory controllers one by one, the accessory controllers are connected with at least one accessory sensor, the accessory controllers connect the at least one accessory sensor connected with the accessory relays to a power supply by controlling the accessory relays, and the accessory sensors are used for detecting the working states of the accessories; the accessory controller monitors the operating state of the accessories of the hydrogen fuel cell system through the at least one accessory sensor;
the step S101 of acquiring the fault signal by the FCU includes:
s201, an accessory controller detects whether the accessory state controlled by the accessory controller is normal or not;
s202, whether the accessory controller does not receive the numerical value of any accessory sensor within a first time period or not is judged to be normal if not, and is judged to be abnormal if not;
s203, the plurality of accessory sensors respectively send the values to the corresponding accessory controllers, and after the accessory controllers receive the values of the accessory sensors, the accessory controllers judge whether the values of the accessory sensors are normal or not;
s204, judging whether the FCU does not receive the numerical value of any sensor or any accessory controller in a second time period, if not, judging the FCU is normal, and if so, judging the FCU is abnormal;
s205, the plurality of sensors respectively send the numerical values to the FCU, and after the FCU receives the numerical values of the sensors, whether the numerical values of the sensors are normal or not is judged;
and S204, if the results of the steps S201, S202, S203, S204 and S205 are all normal, the hydrogen fuel cell is in a normal operation state, otherwise, the accessory controller generates a fault signal and sends the fault signal to the FCU or the FCU generates the fault signal.
Further, the accessories comprise high-voltage accessories, the high-voltage accessories comprise a hydrogen circulating pump, a circulating water pump, an air compressor and a PTC heater, the accessories further comprise a DC/DC module and a voltage detection module, an air compressor controller, a PTC controller, a hydrogen circulating pump controller and a circulating water pump controller, and the DC/DC controller and the voltage detection module controller are respectively used for controlling the air compressor, the PTC heater, the hydrogen circulating pump, the circulating water pump, the DC/DC module and the voltage detection module;
the plurality of accessory sensors include a first current sensor, a first voltage sensor, a first temperature sensor, a hydrogen concentration sensor; the voltage detection module comprises a second voltage sensor which is used as an accessory sensor of the voltage detection module;
the first current sensor, the first voltage sensor and the first temperature sensor are respectively used for detecting the current at the output end, the voltage at the output end and the temperature of the galvanic pile of the DC/DC module; the current and the voltage of the output end of the DC/DC module are respectively used as the output current and the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system;
the second voltage sensor is used for detecting the voltage of the single cell of the pile;
and the hydrogen concentration sensor is used for detecting the hydrogen concentration, and when the detected hydrogen concentration is greater than a concentration threshold value, the hydrogen is considered to be leaked.
Further, step S102 includes:
s301, the FCU judges whether the fault signal represents one of the following conditions:
the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than a first current threshold or the output current is reversed;
the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a first voltage threshold value or the voltage of the single cell of the electric pile is smaller than a second voltage threshold value, wherein the second voltage threshold value is smaller than the first voltage threshold value;
the temperature of the reactor entering water is greater than a first temperature threshold or less than a second temperature threshold, or the temperature of the reactor exiting water is greater than a third temperature threshold or less than a fourth temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold, and the fourth temperature threshold is less than the third temperature threshold;
the pressure of the air inlet is greater than a first air pressure threshold, or the pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor is greater than a first hydrogen pressure, or the pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor is less than a second hydrogen pressure, and the second hydrogen pressure is less than the first hydrogen pressure;
a failure of a hydrogen intake valve or a failure of an intake throttle valve or a failure of an exhaust throttle valve;
detecting that the hydrogen concentration is greater than a concentration threshold value by a hydrogen concentration sensor;
the time for actively discharging using the variable auxiliary load exceeds a time set value;
s302, when the fault signal acquired by the FCU represents one of the conditions in the step S301, generating a primary fault signal; otherwise, judging whether the fault signal represents one of the following conditions:
the deviation of the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell system from the current set value is greater than a first deviation threshold;
the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than a second current threshold, wherein the second current threshold is less than the first current threshold;
the voltage of the single cell of the electric pile of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a third voltage threshold value, wherein the third voltage threshold value is larger than the second voltage threshold value;
the pressure of the air inlet is greater than a second air pressure threshold, or the hydrogen stacking pressure is greater than a third hydrogen pressure or less than a fourth hydrogen pressure, the second air pressure threshold is less than the first air pressure threshold, the third hydrogen pressure is less than the first hydrogen pressure and greater than the fourth hydrogen pressure, and the fourth hydrogen pressure is greater than the second hydrogen pressure;
the difference value between the hydrogen stacking pressure and the air inlet pressure is larger than a first pressure difference threshold value, or smaller than a second pressure difference threshold value, wherein the second pressure difference threshold value is smaller than the first pressure difference threshold value;
the method comprises the following steps that a circulating water pump fails or an FCU does not receive a signal of a circulating water pump controller within a first time threshold value;
the hydrogen circulation pump fails or the FCU does not receive a signal of the hydrogen circulation pump controller within a second time threshold;
the FCU does not receive a signal of the voltage detection module controller within a third time threshold;
a PTC heater failure or the FCU not receiving a signal from the PTC controller within a fourth time threshold;
s303, when the fault signal acquired by the FCU represents one of the conditions in the step S302, generating a secondary fault signal; otherwise, other fault signals are generated.
Wherein, the temperature of the reactor entering water, the temperature of the reactor exiting water, the pressure of an air inlet, the pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor, the fault of a hydrogen inlet valve, the fault of an air inlet throttle valve and the fault of an exhaust throttle valve in the fault signals are transmitted through hard wire signals. Other signals in the fault signal are transmitted through the CAN signal.
The failure of the hydrogen inlet valve or the failure of the air inlet throttle valve or the failure of the exhaust throttle valve respectively indicates that the signal fed back by the hydrogen inlet valve, the signal fed back by the air throttle valve and the signal fed back by the exhaust throttle valve indicate failure states.
The circulating water pump failure means that the circulating water pump controller detects that the circulating water pump fails and sends a failure signal to the FCU; the hydrogen circulating pump failure means that the hydrogen circulating pump controller detects that the hydrogen circulating pump fails and sends a failure signal to the FCU; the PTC heater failure means that the PTC controller detects that the PTC heater fails and sends a failure signal to the FCU.
As shown in fig. 3, the hydrogen fuel cell system includes a hydrothermal management system including a circulation water pump, a PTC heater, a radiator, and a thermostat, a hydrogen system, and an air system; the hydrogen system comprises a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen inlet valve, a pressure reducing valve and a hydrogen tail discharge valve; the air system comprises an air compressor, an air inlet throttle valve, an intercooler, a humidifier and an air exhaust throttle valve.
Opening a hydrogen inlet valve to input hydrogen into the hydrogen fuel cell system; opening a hydrogen tail discharge valve to discharge hydrogen; opening an air inlet throttle valve to input air into the hydrogen fuel cell system; opening the exhaust throttle valve exhausts the air.
Further, the step of performing a primary shutdown in step S103 includes:
s401, the FCU disconnects the electric energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell and closes the variable auxiliary load relay;
when the electric energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell is disconnected, the pile relay is disconnected, the variable auxiliary load relay is closed, and the variable auxiliary load is used for discharging the hydrogen fuel cell system.
S402, the FCU closes an air inlet throttle valve and an air outlet throttle valve of an air system and a hydrogen inlet valve of a hydrogen system, and if the air inlet throttle valve fails or the hydrogen inlet valve of the hydrogen system fails to close, the FCU closes a power supply of the air inlet throttle valve or closes a power supply of the hydrogen inlet valve;
when the air intake throttle valve or the hydrogen intake valve cannot be closed, the FCU closes the power supply of the air intake throttle valve or closes the power supply of the hydrogen intake valve. The FCU controls the air inlet and outlet throttle valves to be closed so as to enable the air side to be closed, and oxygen measured by air is consumed to prevent residual hydrogen and oxygen from reacting to cause performance reduction of the hydrogen fuel cell.
S403, the FCU sends closing signals to the hydrogen circulating pump controller, the air compressor controller and the PTC controller, and when the high-voltage accessory is shut down or powered off, the FCU disconnects a high-voltage accessory relay, wherein the high-voltage accessory relay is a relay used for connecting the output end of the DC/DC and the high-voltage accessory;
the high-voltage accessories comprise an air compressor, a PTC heater, a hydrogen circulating pump and a circulating water pump, the FCU orders the DC/DC controller to close or open the high-voltage accessory relay through CAN communication, when the hydrogen fuel cell fuel system is started, the high-voltage accessory relay is closed, and when the high-voltage accessories are stopped or powered off, the high-voltage accessory relay is opened.
S404, the FCU adjusts the auxiliary load current value of the variable auxiliary load according to the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system, so that the auxiliary load current value is gradually reduced;
the variable auxiliary load current value of the hydrogen fuel cell system is adjusted according to the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the purpose is to prevent oxygen unevenness on the air side. When the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system becomes low, the current value of the variable auxiliary load also decreases.
S405, when the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a voltage set value, keeping the current value of the auxiliary load as a preset current value, and when the duration of the current value of the auxiliary load as the preset current value reaches a fifth time threshold, if the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is still smaller than the voltage set value, disconnecting the auxiliary load relay, and executing S406; otherwise, directly executing S406;
the auxiliary load current value is maintained at a constant value in order to consume oxygen in the gas diffusion layer and prevent the voltage from rising again due to residual oxygen. And when the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell fuel system exceeds a certain time and the voltage is not less than the voltage set value, keeping the variable auxiliary load relay closed, executing step S406, and when the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell fuel system exceeds a certain time and the voltage is still less than the voltage set value, opening the auxiliary load relay, and executing step S406.
S406, the FCU disconnects the FCU low-voltage relay switch to complete primary fault shutdown.
The FCU disconnects the FCU low-voltage relay switch to complete primary fault shutdown.
Further, the step of performing a secondary shutdown in step S103 includes:
s501, disconnecting the electric energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell and closing a variable auxiliary load relay;
when the electric energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell is disconnected, the pile relay is disconnected, the variable auxiliary load relay is closed, and the variable auxiliary load is used for discharging the hydrogen fuel cell system.
And S502, the FCU sends a closing signal to close the air compressor, the air inlet throttle valve, the exhaust throttle valve and the hydrogen tail exhaust valve.
The FCU closes the air compressor by sending a signal to the air compressor controller, and the FCU directly sends a closing signal to close the air intake throttle valve, the exhaust throttle valve and the hydrogen exhaust valve.
S503, the FCU judges whether a normal working signal sent by the hydrogen circulating pump controller is received or not; if the normal working signal cannot be received, closing the hydrogen circulating pump, opening a hydrogen tail discharge valve when the difference value between the hydrogen stacking pressure and the pressure of the air inlet exceeds a preset pressure value, discharging redundant hydrogen, and executing S504; otherwise, directly executing S504;
wherein, FCU passes through CAN signal and hydrogen circulating pump communication, judges the operating condition of hydrogen circulating pump. When the difference value between the hydrogen stacking pressure and the air inlet pressure exceeds a preset pressure value, a hydrogen tail discharge valve is opened, redundant hydrogen is discharged, and the step S504 is executed; when the difference between the hydrogen stack pressure and the air inlet pressure does not exceed the preset pressure value, step S504 is directly performed.
S504, adjusting the auxiliary load current value of the variable auxiliary load according to the output voltage of the fuel cell system to enable the auxiliary load current value to be gradually reduced;
the variable auxiliary load current value of the hydrogen fuel cell system is adjusted according to the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the purpose is to prevent oxygen unevenness on the air side. When the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system becomes low, the current value of the variable auxiliary load also decreases.
S505, when the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a voltage set value, keeping the current value of the auxiliary load as a preset current value, and when the duration of the current value of the auxiliary load as the preset current value reaches a fifth time threshold value, if the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is still smaller than the voltage set value, disconnecting the auxiliary load relay, and executing S506; otherwise, executing S506;
the auxiliary load current value is maintained at a constant value in order to consume oxygen in the gas diffusion layer and prevent the voltage from rising again due to residual oxygen. When the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell fuel system exceeds a certain time and is not less than the voltage set value, the variable auxiliary load relay is kept closed, step S506 is executed, and when the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell fuel system exceeds a certain time and the voltage is still less than the voltage set value, the auxiliary load relay is disconnected, and step S506 is executed.
S506, closing the hydrogen inlet valve;
wherein the FCU closes the hydrogen inlet valve and disconnects the hydrogen supply, at which time the active discharge of the hydrogen fuel cell system is substantially complete.
S507, when the temperature of the galvanic pile is smaller than a temperature set value, the FCU sends a closing signal to a circulating water pump controller, a PTC controller and a hydrogen circulating pump controller, and when the high-voltage accessory is shut down or powered off, the FCU disconnects a high-voltage accessory relay, wherein the high-voltage accessory relay is used for connecting the output end of the DC/DC with the high-voltage accessory;
the high-voltage accessories comprise an air compressor, a PTC heater, a hydrogen circulating pump and a circulating water pump, the FCU orders the DC/DC controller to close or open the high-voltage accessory relay through CAN communication, when the hydrogen fuel cell fuel system is started, the high-voltage accessory relay is closed, and when the high-voltage accessories are stopped or powered off, the high-voltage accessory relay is opened.
And S508, the FCU disconnects the FCU low-voltage relay to complete secondary fault shutdown.
The FCU disconnects the FCU low-voltage relay switch to complete secondary fault shutdown.
According to the control method for the fault shutdown of the hydrogen fuel cell system, when the hydrogen fuel cell is in the running state, as long as a fault signal is detected, the hydrogen fuel cell enters the fault state from the running state; and the FCU judges whether the fault signal belongs to the primary fault signal, if so, the primary fault shutdown is executed, otherwise, the fault signal belongs to the secondary fault signal, if so, the secondary fault shutdown is executed, and otherwise, the FCU does not execute the shutdown action. The service life and the safety of the fuel cell system are improved through different fault shutdown strategies.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and various other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention.
Claims (8)
1. A control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system shutdown due to a fault, characterized in that the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a control system including a hydrogen fuel cell system controller FCU, the control method comprising the steps of:
s101, the FCU obtains a fault signal, and the FCU enters a fault state from an operation state
S102, in the fault state, the FCU determines fault grade information according to a fault signal;
s103, the FCU controls the state of the hydrogen fuel cell system according to the fault grade information, and controls the hydrogen fuel cell system to execute primary fault shutdown if the fault grade information is a primary fault signal; if the fault grade information is a secondary fault signal, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell system to execute secondary fault shutdown;
and S104, completing the fault shutdown of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the control system further comprises an FCU low-voltage relay, a variable auxiliary load relay, a stack relay, a plurality of sensors, and a plurality of accessory controllers, wherein the FCU is connected to the FCU low-voltage relay, the variable auxiliary load relay, the stack relay, the plurality of sensors, and the plurality of accessory controllers, respectively, the plurality of sensors are connected to the power supply by controlling the FCU low-voltage relay, the stack is controlled to output power by controlling the stack relay, the stack is controlled to discharge using the variable auxiliary load by controlling the variable auxiliary load relay, the plurality of sensors are configured to detect parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the plurality of accessory controllers are configured to control accessories in the hydrogen fuel cell system;
the control system further comprises a plurality of accessory sensors and a plurality of accessory relays, the number of the accessory relays is the same as that of the accessory controllers, the accessory relays are connected with the accessory controllers in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the accessory controllers are connected with at least one accessory sensor, and the accessory sensors are used for detecting the fault states of the accessories.
3. The method for controlling a shutdown failure of a hydrogen fuel cell system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S101 of acquiring the failure signal by the FCU includes:
s201, an accessory controller detects whether the accessory state controlled by the accessory controller is normal or not;
s202, whether the accessory controller does not receive the numerical value of any accessory sensor within a first time period or not is judged to be normal if not, and is judged to be abnormal if not;
s203, the plurality of accessory sensors respectively send the values to the corresponding accessory controllers, and after the accessory controllers receive the values of the accessory sensors, the accessory controllers judge whether the values of the accessory sensors are normal or not;
s204, judging whether the FCU does not receive the numerical value of any sensor or any accessory controller in a second time period, if not, judging the FCU is normal, and if so, judging the FCU is abnormal;
s205, the plurality of sensors respectively send the numerical values to the FCU, and after the FCU receives the numerical values of the sensors, whether the numerical values of the sensors are normal or not is judged;
and S204, if the results of the steps S201, S202, S203, S204 and S205 are all normal, the hydrogen fuel cell is in a normal operation state, otherwise, the accessory controller generates a fault signal and sends the fault signal to the FCU or the FCU generates the fault signal.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of sensors include an air inlet temperature pressure sensor, a reactor water temperature pressure sensor, a reactor outlet temperature sensor, and a hydrogen reactor pressure sensor, respectively for detecting the temperature and pressure of the air inlet, the temperature and pressure of the reactor inlet water, the temperature of the reactor outlet water, and the hydrogen reactor pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell system;
the plurality of accessory controllers comprise an air compressor controller, a PTC controller, a hydrogen circulating pump controller, a circulating water pump controller, a DC/DC controller and a voltage detection module controller, the accessories comprise high-voltage accessories, the high-voltage accessories comprise a hydrogen circulating pump, a circulating water pump, an air compressor and a PTC heater, the accessories further comprise a DC/DC module and a voltage detection module, the air compressor controller, the PTC controller, the hydrogen circulating pump controller and the circulating water pump controller are respectively used for controlling the air compressor, the PTC heater, the hydrogen circulating pump, the circulating water pump, the DC/DC module and the voltage detection module;
the plurality of accessory sensors include a first current sensor, a first voltage sensor, a first temperature sensor, a hydrogen concentration sensor; the voltage detection module comprises a second voltage sensor which is used as an accessory sensor of the voltage detection module;
the first current sensor, the first voltage sensor and the first temperature sensor are respectively used for detecting the current at the output end, the voltage at the output end and the temperature of the galvanic pile of the DC/DC module; the current and the voltage of the output end of the DC/DC module are respectively used as the output current and the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system;
the second voltage sensor is used for detecting the voltage of the single cell of the pile;
and the hydrogen concentration sensor is used for detecting the hydrogen concentration, and when the detected hydrogen concentration is greater than a concentration threshold value, the hydrogen is considered to be leaked.
5. The method for controlling a shutdown failure of a hydrogen fuel cell system in accordance with claim 4, wherein said step S102 includes:
s301, the FCU judges whether the fault signal represents one of the following conditions:
the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than a first current threshold or the output current is reversed;
the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a first voltage threshold value or the voltage of the single cell of the electric pile is smaller than a second voltage threshold value, wherein the second voltage threshold value is smaller than the first voltage threshold value;
the temperature of the reactor entering water is greater than a first temperature threshold or less than a second temperature threshold, or the temperature of the reactor exiting water is greater than a third temperature threshold or less than a fourth temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold, and the fourth temperature threshold is less than the third temperature threshold;
the pressure of the air inlet is greater than a first air pressure threshold, or the pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor is greater than a first hydrogen pressure, or the pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor is less than a second hydrogen pressure, and the second hydrogen pressure is less than the first hydrogen pressure;
a failure of a hydrogen intake valve or a failure of an intake throttle valve or a failure of an exhaust throttle valve;
the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor is greater than a concentration threshold value;
the time for actively discharging using the variable auxiliary load exceeds a time set value;
s302, when the fault signal acquired by the FCU represents one of the conditions in the step S301, generating a primary fault signal; otherwise, judging whether the fault signal represents one of the following conditions:
the deviation of the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell system from the current set value is greater than a first deviation threshold;
the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than a second current threshold, wherein the second current threshold is less than the first current threshold;
the voltage of the single cell of the electric pile of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a third voltage threshold value, wherein the third voltage threshold value is larger than the second voltage threshold value;
the pressure of the air inlet is greater than a second air pressure threshold, or the hydrogen stacking pressure is greater than a third hydrogen pressure or less than a fourth hydrogen pressure, the second air pressure threshold is less than the first air pressure threshold, the third hydrogen pressure is less than the first hydrogen pressure and greater than the fourth hydrogen pressure, and the fourth hydrogen pressure is greater than the second hydrogen pressure;
the difference value between the hydrogen stacking pressure and the air inlet pressure is larger than a first pressure difference threshold value, or smaller than a second pressure difference threshold value, wherein the second pressure difference threshold value is smaller than the first pressure difference threshold value;
the method comprises the following steps that a circulating water pump fails or an FCU does not receive a signal of a circulating water pump controller within a first time threshold value;
the hydrogen circulation pump fails or the FCU does not receive a signal of the hydrogen circulation pump controller within a second time threshold;
the FCU does not receive a signal of the voltage detection module controller within a third time threshold;
a PTC heater failure or the FCU not receiving a signal from the PTC controller within a fourth time threshold;
s303, when the fault signal acquired by the FCU represents one of the conditions in the step S302, generating a secondary fault signal; otherwise, other fault signals are generated.
6. The method for controlling a shutdown with a failure of a hydrogen fuel cell system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of performing a primary shutdown with a failure in step S103 includes:
s401, the FCU disconnects the electric energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell and closes the variable auxiliary load relay;
s402, the FCU closes an air inlet throttle valve and an air outlet throttle valve of an air system and a hydrogen inlet valve of a hydrogen system, and when the air inlet throttle valve fails or the hydrogen inlet valve fails to close, the FCU closes a power supply of the air inlet throttle valve or closes a power supply of the hydrogen inlet valve;
s403, the FCU sends closing signals to the hydrogen circulating pump controller, the air compressor controller and the PTC controller, and when the high-voltage accessory is shut down or powered off, the FCU disconnects a high-voltage accessory relay, wherein the high-voltage accessory relay is a relay used for connecting the output end of the DC/DC and the high-voltage accessory;
s404, the FCU adjusts the auxiliary load current value of the variable auxiliary load according to the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system, so that the auxiliary load current value is gradually reduced;
s405, when the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a voltage set value, keeping the current value of the auxiliary load as a preset current value, and when the duration of the current value of the auxiliary load as the preset current value reaches a fifth time threshold value, if the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is still smaller than the voltage set value, the FCU disconnects the variable auxiliary load relay, and S406 is executed; otherwise, directly executing S406;
s406, the FCU disconnects the FCU low-voltage relay switch to complete primary fault shutdown.
7. The method for controlling a shutdown with a failure of a hydrogen fuel cell system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said step of performing a secondary shutdown with a failure in step S103 includes:
s501, the FCU disconnects the electric energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell and closes the variable auxiliary load relay;
s502, the FCU sends a closing signal to close the air compressor, the air inlet throttle valve, the exhaust throttle valve and the hydrogen tail exhaust valve;
s503, the FCU judges whether a normal working signal sent by the hydrogen circulating pump controller is received or not; if the normal working signal cannot be received, closing the hydrogen circulating pump, opening a hydrogen tail discharge valve when the difference value between the hydrogen stacking pressure and the pressure of the air inlet is greater than a preset pressure value, discharging redundant hydrogen, and executing S504; otherwise, directly executing S504;
s504, adjusting the auxiliary load current value of the variable auxiliary load according to the output voltage of the fuel cell system to enable the auxiliary load current value to be gradually reduced;
s505, when the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is smaller than a voltage set value, keeping the current value of the auxiliary load as a preset current value, and when the duration of the current value of the auxiliary load as the preset current value reaches a fifth time threshold value, if the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell system is still smaller than the voltage set value, disconnecting the auxiliary load relay, and executing S506; otherwise, directly executing S506;
s506, closing the hydrogen inlet valve;
s507, when the temperature of the galvanic pile is smaller than a temperature set value, the FCU sends a closing signal to a circulating water pump controller, a PTC controller and a hydrogen circulating pump controller, and when the high-voltage accessory is shut down or powered off, the FCU disconnects a high-voltage accessory relay, wherein the high-voltage accessory relay is used for connecting the output end of the DC/DC with the high-voltage accessory;
and S508, the FCU disconnects the FCU low-voltage relay to complete secondary fault shutdown.
8. The control method of a hydrogen fuel cell system shutdown with failure according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising: and if the fault grade information is neither the primary fault signal nor the secondary fault signal, not executing fault shutdown.
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