CN112903460A - Device and method for testing multi-row group column single-shaft bearing of inclined goaf under disturbance influence - Google Patents
Device and method for testing multi-row group column single-shaft bearing of inclined goaf under disturbance influence Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing multi-row group column uniaxial bearing of an inclined goaf under the influence of disturbance. The upper sliding clamping seat and the lower sliding clamping seat of the device are respectively semi-cylindrical blocks, and a plurality of positioning grooves positioned on the same central line are arranged on the lower sliding clamping seat, so that tensile capacity tests can be simultaneously carried out on a plurality of coal pillar samples; the upper part of the upper sliding clamping seat is connected with the upper pressure plate, and the lower sliding clamping seat is connected with the lower pressure plate; the outer edges of the upper and lower sliding clamping seats are provided with scale marks, so that the angle can be accurately regulated, and the outer sides of the upper and lower sliding clamping seats are provided with fixing rings for connecting the upper and lower sliding clamping seats; the outer side of the fixing ring is provided with an arc-shaped fixture block which is fixedly connected with the fixing blocks of the upper and lower pressing discs; the loading device consists of a force control device and a force disturbance device. The invention can realize the synchronous loading of a plurality of coal, rock, filling body, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling coal column samples, and can obtain the single bearing loading capacity of the inclined goaf multi-row grouped column system under the condition of disturbance loading.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the loading capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of an inclined goaf under the influence of disturbance, which are mainly suitable for a device and a method for synchronously loading a plurality of coal, rock, filling bodies, concrete, coal-filling samples and rock-filling samples, and belong to the technical field of mining rock mechanical tests.
Background
Due to the laggard mining method in the old mining period, a large number of left-over coal pillars are formed in a plurality of mines in China, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: the coal pillar group is formed by combining a cutter pillar type, a room pillar type, a strip type, a short-wall type, a roadway mining type, a warehouse type and a jump mining type. Similarly, pillar clusters are also formed in the goaf during metal mining to carry overburden loads and to ensure long term stability of the stope.
The filling mining can effectively control the overburden movement and the surface subsidence. In recent years, in order to solve the technical problems of insufficient sources of filling materials, high cost and the like, the method comprises the technical methods of partial filling, roadside filling, strip filling, pier column filling, local filling, short wall filling, strip filling, interval filling, pillar side filling, structural filling, functional filling, framework type filling and the like, and is applied and popularized in a plurality of mines. The filling mining technical method is inevitable to reserve filling columns (concrete columns) with different sizes/shapes in the goaf, and the filling columns are distributed in a group column mode and combined to form filling body group columns or concrete group columns.
The above coal pillar group, ore pillar group, packed pillar group, and concrete group are collectively referred to herein as "pillar group". The initial purpose of reserving stope group columns is to bear the load of an overlying strata and ensure the long-term stability of a goaf. The long-term stability of stope crowd columns is a scientific issue of concern. However, under the coupling action of overburden load, disturbance load, mine water erosion, sulfate corrosion, chloride corrosion, natural weathering and the like, the bearing capacity of the stope group column is gradually weakened, instability of a group column system can be caused, so that disasters such as overburden collapse, surface subsidence and the like are caused, and great potential safety hazards are brought to safe and efficient mining of coal resources.
The goaf leaving group column can be subjected to strong external disturbance action besides the static load of the overlying load, the disturbance action seriously threatens the personal safety and the engineering quality of engineering personnel, and the traditional testing machine cannot research the single-bearing load capacity of the leaving group column under the disturbance. However, the traditional testing machine can only load a single coal pillar, cannot perform single-axis loading on a plurality of groups of pillars, and cannot research the bearing capacity of the group of pillars system for the overlying load after the pillars are filled beside the pillars.
The independent individuals of the stope group columns have mutual influence, and overlying strata load, disturbance load and the like are not borne by a single stope column body and are mainly borne together through a group column system. If one column body is locally destabilized and damaged, the overburden load and the disturbance load are transferred, so that the destabilization of adjacent group columns is damaged, and the chain-type instability of domino of the stope group columns is caused. Therefore, it is highly necessary to test the overall load bearing capacity of the stope group column system. At present, the overall bearing capacity of a group column of a field monitoring stope is difficult to realize, and the group column can only be tested by a small-size group column sample of a laboratory. The traditional testing machine can only load a single column sample, and can not load a group of column samples. In actual engineering, coal seams usually have a certain inclination angle and are not horizontally distributed, so that the research on the bearing capacity of a group column system under a variable angle is necessary, but the traditional testing machine cannot research the single bearing capacity of the group column system under the variable angle.
In summary, it is urgently needed to develop a testing device and method for the whole bearing capacity of the stope group column, so as to obtain the whole bearing capacity of the stope group column system, obtain the mutual influence relation between the group column individuals, lay a foundation for revealing the chain instability response characteristics and mechanism of the stope group column, and provide guidance for the development of the stope group column chain instability prevention and control technology. The invention provides a device and a method for testing the single bearing capacity of a plurality of rows of grouped columns in a focused inclined goaf under the influence of disturbance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the single bearing capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns in an inclined goaf under the influence of disturbance, in particular to a device for synchronously loading a plurality of coal, rock, filling bodies, concrete, coal-filling and rock-coal-filling column samples, which can obtain the mutual influence relation among the group column individuals, lay a foundation for disclosing the chain type instability response characteristics and mechanisms of the group columns in a stope and provide guidance for developing the chain type instability prevention and control technology of the group columns in the stope.
The invention provides a device and a method for testing the loading capacity of a plurality of rows of group columns of an inclined goaf under the influence of disturbance, which are characterized by comprising the following steps: the tester comprises a tester base, a rack, a lower pressure plate, an upper sliding clamping seat, a lower sliding clamping seat, a cross frame, a loading device, a baffle plate, a protection ring, a fixing groove, a scale mark, a fixing bolt, an arc-shaped clamping block, a fixing roller, an arc-shaped groove, a positioning groove, a fixing block and a loading device; the loading device consists of a force control device and a force disturbance device;
the testing machine base is provided with four protection rings, a frame is arranged in each protection ring, the bottom of each frame is connected with the testing machine base, and the top of each frame is connected with the transverse frame; the upper sliding clamping seat and the lower sliding clamping seat are respectively semi-cylindrical blocks, a plurality of positioning grooves positioned on the same central line are arranged on the lower sliding clamping seat, and the positioning grooves are separated by baffles, so that tensile capacity test can be simultaneously carried out on a plurality of coal pillar samples; the upper part of the upper sliding clamping seat is connected with an upper pressure plate, and the force control device acts on the upper pressure plate through a hydraulic pushing shaft; the lower sliding clamping seat is connected with the lower pressing disc; the outer edges of the upper and lower sliding clamping seats are provided with scale marks, so that the angle can be accurately regulated, and the outer sides of the upper and lower sliding clamping seats are provided with fixing rings for connecting the upper and lower sliding clamping seats; the outer side of the fixing ring is provided with an arc-shaped fixture block which is fixedly connected with the fixing blocks of the upper and lower pressing discs;
the bottom of the workbench is provided with a force control device, and the force control device comprises a hydraulic pushing shaft, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a pressure sensor; the pressure sensor is connected with a microcomputer through a control circuit and respectively and accurately controls the stress state of each coal pillar sample; the hydraulic pushing shaft is controlled and adjusted by a hydraulic oil cylinder, so that loading with the same or different speeds is performed on different coal pillar samples, and the hydraulic pushing shaft is used for simulating the conditions of uniform stress and non-uniform stress of the coal pillar samples; the bottom of the transverse frame is provided with a force disturbance device, and the force disturbance device comprises a disturbance force sensor, a disturbance oil cylinder and a disturbance rod; the disturbance load is applied through a disturbance oil cylinder at the top of the testing machine and acts on the sample through a disturbance rod, and the axial disturbance load with the wave form of cosine wave, triangular wave and square wave can be applied to the coal pillar sample; the force disturbance device acts on the coal pillar sample through the upper pressure plate.
Preferably, the cluster column comprises: the method is suitable for the group columns with circular cross sections, the group columns with rectangular cross sections, and the group columns with triangular or trapezoidal cross sections.
Preferably, the device and the method are suitable for a goaf formed after the mining of a coal seam with an inclination angle of-50 degrees to 50 degrees.
Preferably, five fixing grooves are formed in the upper surface of the lower pressing plate and used for placing a baffle plate, and the coal pillar sample is guaranteed not to slide off in the rotating process of the device.
Preferably, the length, width and height of the baffle are 1300mm, 5mm and 90mm respectively; the length and the width of the upper sliding clamping seat and the lower sliding clamping seat are respectively 1000mm and 1500 mm.
Preferably, the upper sliding clamping seat and the lower sliding clamping seat are provided with scale marks, so that the inclination angle can be accurately regulated and controlled.
Preferably, the device can test the single bearing capacity of a horizontal group column system and can also test the single bearing capacity of a group column system under a variable angle; the single bearing capacity of a single coal, rock, filling body, concrete, coal-filled and rock-filled sample can be researched, and the single bearing capacity of a group column system of a plurality of coal, rock, filling body, concrete, coal-filled and rock-filled samples can also be researched.
Preferably, the device operating step comprises:
the method comprises the following steps: the distribution position, the form and the size of the remaining grouped pillars in the inclined goaf in the range to be measured are comprehensively investigated by utilizing the original geological technical data of the mine and by means of a supplementary exploration technical means;
step two: determining the shape, size and number of the test sample to be tested based on the information of the inclined goaf remaining cluster columns obtained in the step one;
step three: drilling a sample with a proper size by using a special core drilling machine for coal rock and in a multi-stage variable speed manual feeding mode, and cutting and polishing the sample to the shape and size required by a test by using a coal rock cutting machine;
step four: sequentially installing the samples in positioning grooves on a lower pressure plate;
step five: in order to prevent the sample from sliding off in the rotation process of the device, a baffle is placed in the fixed groove; then, the arc-shaped clamping block drives the fixing ring and the up-and-down sliding clamping seat to rotate by adjusting the position of the fixing rolling shaft on the arc-shaped groove, so that the loaded sample can be rotated to a target angle;
step six: after the device rotates to a target angle and is fixed, clearing the force value on each sensor, and preloading;
step seven: after the preloading is finished, setting the loading speed of a main loading rod, and loading after the baffle is removed;
step eight: when the axial loading is carried out to the target value, the disturbance rod is utilized to apply axial disturbance load according to the test requirement;
step nine: after the preloading is finished, the loading speed of each hydraulic pushing shaft is set respectively for loading;
step ten: when the axial loading is carried out to the target value, the disturbance rod is utilized to apply axial disturbance load according to the test requirement;
step eleven: after the disturbance load is applied, the axial load is continuously applied until the multiple rows of samples are instable or meet the test requirements, and then the loading is stopped;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize the simultaneous loading of a plurality of coal, rock, filling body, concrete, coal-filling and rock-filling samples under the condition of changing the angle, further realize the simulation of the loading damage of a plurality of body ore pillars, continuously change the loaded angle of the coal pillar samples and research the single bearing capacity of a plurality of groups of cylinder systems with different angles under the action of disturbance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sloped gob carry-over cluster column distribution plot;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention operating at a horizontal angle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention in a tilted working position;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention in combination with a loading mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a retaining ring according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the upper platen according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a view showing the connection between the upper fixing block and the fixing roller of the arc-shaped groove according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an upper fixing block and an arc-shaped groove engaging fixing roller according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the scale on the upper sliding seat according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a loading device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-tester base; 2, a frame; 3, pressing a plate downwards; 4, an upper pressure plate; 5, sliding the clamping seat upwards; 6-lower sliding card seat; 7-horizontal frame; 8, pushing a shaft hydraulically; 9-a hydraulic oil cylinder; 10-a pressure sensor; 11-a baffle; 12-a guard ring; 13-a disturbance force sensor; 14-a fixed ring; 15-coal pillar sample; 16-scale mark; 17-fixing the bolt; 18-arc fixture block; 19-fixed rollers; 20-arc groove; 21-a positioning groove; 22, fixing blocks; 23-a disturbance rod; and 24, disturbing the oil cylinder.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a device for testing the loading capacity of a plurality of rows of grouped columns in a declined goaf under the influence of disturbance comprises: the tester comprises a tester base, a rack, a lower pressure plate, an upper sliding clamping seat, a lower sliding clamping seat, a cross frame, a hydraulic pushing shaft, a hydraulic oil cylinder, a pressure sensor, a baffle, a protection ring, a disturbance force sensor, a fixing ring, a fixing groove, a scale mark, a fixing bolt, an arc-shaped clamping block, a fixing roller, an arc-shaped groove, a positioning groove, a fixing block, a disturbance rod and a disturbance oil cylinder.
Four protection rings 12 are arranged on the tester base 1, a frame 2 is arranged in each protection ring 12, the bottom of each frame 2 is connected with the tester base 1, and the top of each frame is connected with the cross frame 7; the upper sliding clamping seat 5 and the lower sliding clamping seat 6 are respectively a semi-cylindrical block, a plurality of positioning grooves 21 positioned on the same central line are arranged on the lower sliding clamping seat 6, and the positioning grooves 21 are separated by a baffle 11, so that tensile capacity test can be simultaneously carried out on a plurality of coal pillar samples; the upper part of the upper sliding clamping seat 5 is connected with the upper pressure plate 4, and the lower sliding clamping seat 6 is connected with the lower pressure plate 3; the outer edges of the upper and lower sliding clamping seats are provided with scale marks 16 which can accurately regulate and control the angle, and the outer sides of the upper and lower sliding clamping seats are provided with fixing rings 14 which are used for connecting the upper and lower sliding clamping seats; an arc-shaped fixture block 18 is arranged on the outer side of the fixing ring 14 and is connected and fixed with the fixing blocks 22 of the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate through the arc-shaped fixture block 18;
the bottom of the workbench is provided with a force control device, and the force control device comprises a hydraulic pushing shaft 8, a hydraulic oil cylinder 9 and a pressure sensor 10; the pressure sensor 10 is connected with a microcomputer through a control circuit, and the stress state of each coal pillar sample is accurately controlled respectively; the force control device acts on the lower pressure plate 3 through a hydraulic pushing shaft 8; the hydraulic pushing shaft 8 is controlled and adjusted by a hydraulic oil cylinder 9, so that loading with the same or different speed is carried out on different coal pillar samples, and the hydraulic pushing shaft is used for simulating the conditions of uniform stress and non-uniform stress of the coal pillar samples; the bottom of the cross frame is provided with a force disturbance device, and the force disturbance device comprises a disturbance force sensor 13, a disturbance oil cylinder 24 and a disturbance rod 23; the disturbance load is applied through a disturbance oil cylinder 24 at the top of the testing machine and acts on the coal pillar sample 15 through a disturbance rod 23, and axial disturbance loads with wave forms of cosine waves, triangular waves and square waves can be applied to the coal pillar sample; the force perturbation device acts on the coal pillar sample 15 through the upper platen 4.
Four protection rings 12 are arranged on the base 1, a rack 2 is arranged inside each protection ring 12, one end of each rack 2 is connected with the base 1, and the other end of each rack is connected with the cross frame 7.
Preferably, the apparatus and method are suitable for use in a group column system having an inclination angle of-50 ° to 50 °.
Preferably, the device and the method are not only suitable for the left coal pillar with the circular section, but also suitable for the left coal pillar with the rectangular section, and more suitable for the left coal pillar with the triangular section.
Preferably, five rows of positioning grooves 21 are formed on the lower platen 3, each row includes five positioning grooves for placing the pillar sample, the center point of each row of positioning grooves 21 is located on the same straight line, and the shape of the positioning groove corresponds to the shape of the sample, as shown in fig. 3.
Preferably, five fixing grooves are formed in the lower pressing plate for placing the baffle 11, so that the coal pillar sample 15 cannot slide off in the rotation process of the device, as shown in fig. 3.
Preferably, the device comprises a force disturbance system which comprises a disturbance force sensor 13, a disturbance oil cylinder 24 and a disturbance rod 23 and can apply axial disturbance loads in the forms of cosine waves, triangular waves and square waves to the coal pillar sample.
Preferably, the upper sliding block seat 5 and the lower sliding block seat 6 are both provided with scale marks 16, so that the inclination angle can be accurately adjusted and controlled, as shown in fig. 10.
Preferably, the fixing rings are respectively arranged between the upper platen 4 and the upper sliding clamp seat 5 and between the lower platen 3 and the lower sliding clamp seat 6, the upper platen 4, the lower platen 3 and the fixing ring 14 are fixedly connected through arc-shaped clamp blocks 18, and the fixing ring 14 is connected with the upper sliding clamp seat 5 and the lower sliding clamp seat 6 through fixing bolts 17, as shown in fig. 5.
Preferably, the arc fixture block 18 is arranged between the upper pressure plate 4 and the fixing ring 14, the lower pressure plate 3 and the fixing ring 14 are of similar connecting structures, the front end and the rear end of the arc fixture block are respectively provided with a fixed roller 19, the bottom of the upper pressure plate and the top of the lower pressure plate are respectively provided with a fixed block, an internally hollow arc groove 20 is arranged in each fixed block, the hollow part of each fixed block is used for placing the arc fixture block 18, the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of each arc groove are respectively provided with a groove profile, the central angle corresponding to each small groove is 2 degrees, the fixed roller is arranged between the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of each arc groove, the fixed roller is matched with the arc grooves through rotating, the rotating angle of the device is regulated, and the. As shown in fig. 6 to 9. The fixing of the device after rotation is realized by the groove surface of the arc-shaped groove in the fixing block engaging with the fixing roller 19.
Preferably, the device can test the single bearing capacity of a multi-group column system and can also test the single bearing capacity of a group column system under a variable angle; the single bearing capacity of a single coal, rock and filling body sample can be researched, and the single bearing capacity of a multi-group column system of a plurality of coal, rock and filling bodies can also be researched.
Preferably, the device operating step comprises:
the method comprises the following steps: the distribution position, the form and the size of the remaining grouped pillars in the inclined goaf in the range to be measured are comprehensively investigated by utilizing the original geological technical data of the mine and by means of a supplementary exploration technical means;
step two: determining the shape, size and number of the test sample to be tested based on the information of the inclined goaf remaining cluster columns obtained in the step one;
step three: drilling a sample with a proper size by using a special core drilling machine for coal rock and in a multi-stage variable speed manual feeding mode, and cutting and polishing the sample to the shape and size required by a test by using a coal rock cutting machine;
step four: sequentially installing the samples in positioning grooves on a lower pressure plate;
step five: in order to prevent the sample from sliding off in the rotation process of the device, a baffle is placed in the fixed groove; then, the arc-shaped clamping block drives the fixing ring and the up-and-down sliding clamping seat to rotate by adjusting the position of the fixing rolling shaft on the arc-shaped groove, so that the loaded sample can be rotated to a target angle;
step six: after the device rotates to a target angle and is fixed, clearing the force value on each sensor, and preloading;
step seven: after the preloading is finished, setting the loading speed of a main loading rod, and loading after the baffle is removed;
step eight: when the axial loading is carried out to the target value, the disturbance rod is utilized to apply axial disturbance load according to the test requirement;
step nine: after the preloading is finished, the loading speed of each hydraulic pushing shaft is set respectively for loading;
step ten: when the axial loading is carried out to the target value, the disturbance rod is utilized to apply axial disturbance load according to the test requirement;
step eleven: after the disturbance load is applied, the axial load is continuously applied until the multiple rows of samples are instable or meet the test requirements, and then the loading is stopped;
the above is an embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be simply modified according to the substance of the present invention, which all fall within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a disturbance influence is inclined collecting space area multirow crowd's post unipolar down and is born testing arrangement which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a tester base (1), a rack (2), a lower press plate (3), an upper press plate (4), an upper sliding clamp base (5), a lower sliding clamp base (6), a cross frame (7), a baffle (11), a protection ring (12), a fixing ring (14), scale marks (16), a fixing bolt (17), an arc-shaped clamp block (18), a positioning groove (21), a fixing block (22) and a loading device; the loading device consists of a force control device and a force disturbance device;
the testing machine base is provided with four protection rings, a rack is arranged in each protection ring, the bottom of the rack (2) is connected with the testing machine base (1), and the top of the rack is connected with the transverse frame (7); the upper sliding clamping seat and the lower sliding clamping seat are respectively semi-cylindrical blocks, a plurality of positioning grooves positioned on the same central line are arranged on the lower sliding clamping seat (6), and the positioning grooves are separated by a baffle plate, so that tensile capacity test can be simultaneously carried out on a plurality of coal pillar samples; the upper part of the upper sliding clamping seat is connected with the upper pressure plate, and the lower sliding clamping seat is connected with the lower pressure plate; the outer edges of the upper and lower sliding clamping seats are provided with scale marks (16) which can accurately regulate and control the angle, and the outer sides of the upper and lower sliding clamping seats are provided with fixing rings which are used for connecting the upper and lower sliding clamping seats; the outer side of the fixing ring is provided with an arc-shaped fixture block which is fixedly connected with the fixing blocks of the upper and lower pressing discs;
a force control device is arranged at the bottom of the workbench and comprises a hydraulic pushing shaft (8), a hydraulic oil cylinder (9) and a pressure sensor (10); the force control device acts on the lower pressure plate through a hydraulic pushing shaft; the pressure sensor is connected with a microcomputer through a control circuit and respectively and accurately controls the stress state of each coal pillar sample; the hydraulic pushing shaft is controlled and adjusted by a hydraulic oil cylinder, so that loading with the same or different speeds is performed on different coal pillar samples, and the hydraulic pushing shaft is used for simulating the conditions of uniform stress and non-uniform stress of the coal pillar samples; the bottom of the transverse frame is provided with a force disturbance device, and the force disturbance device comprises a disturbance force sensor, a disturbance oil cylinder and a disturbance rod; the disturbance load is applied through a disturbance oil cylinder at the top of the testing machine, and then acts on the sample through a disturbance rod, and axial disturbance load with wave forms of cosine waves, triangular waves and square waves is applied to the coal pillar sample; the force disturbance device acts on the coal pillar sample through the upper pressure plate.
2. The device for testing the multi-row group column single-shaft bearing of the inclined goaf under the disturbance influence according to claim 1, characterized in that: the legacy colony column comprises: the goaf is formed after coal seams with inclination angles of-50 degrees to 50 degrees are mined; the group column comprises one of a coal column group, an ore column group, a filling column group, a concrete column group, a coal column-filling column combined group column, an ore column-filling column combined group column and a coal column-concrete column combined group column; the section of the group column is circular or rectangular or triangular or trapezoidal.
3. The device for testing the multi-row group column single-shaft bearing of the inclined goaf under the disturbance influence according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the upper surface of the lower pressure plate (3) is provided with 1-5 rows of positioning grooves (21), each row comprises five positioning grooves for placing coal pillar samples, the central points of the positioning grooves (21) of each row are positioned on the same straight line, and the shapes of the positioning grooves correspond to the shapes of the coal pillar samples; be equipped with 1~5 rows of fixed slots above lower pressure disk (3) for place baffle (11), the constant head tank separates through the baffle, guarantees that the coal column sample can not the landing at the rotatory in-process of device.
4. The device for testing the multi-row group column single-shaft bearing of the inclined goaf under the disturbance influence according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the fixing rings are respectively arranged between the upper pressure plate and the upper sliding clamping seat and between the lower pressure plate and the lower sliding clamping seat, and the middle part of the fixing ring is provided with a fixing bolt for respectively connecting the upper sliding clamping seat and the lower sliding clamping seat with the fixing ring;
go up the pressure disk, it is fixed to connect through the arc fixture block between pressure disk and the solid fixed ring down, the arc fixture block is the looks isostructure between last pressure disk and the solid fixed ring down, the preceding of arc fixture block, the rear end respectively is equipped with a fixed roller bearing, bottom at last pressure disk, the top of pressure disk sets up the fixed block respectively down, be equipped with a hollow arc wall in inside in the fixed block, its hollow position is used for placing the arc fixture block, the last bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of arc wall are the recess profile respectively, wherein the central angle that every little recess corresponds is 2, fixed roller bearing is located between the last bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of arc wall, cooperate with the arc wall through rotatory fixed roller bearing, regulation and control device rotation angle, the inclination in simulation slope collecting space area.
5. The device for testing the multi-row group column single-shaft bearing of the inclined goaf under the disturbance influence according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method is characterized in that: the length, the width and the height of the baffle are respectively 1300mm, 5mm and 90 mm; the length and the width of the upper sliding clamping seat and the lower sliding clamping seat are respectively 1000mm and 1500 mm.
6. A disturbance influence downward inclined gob multi-row group column single-shaft bearing test method adopts the disturbance influence downward inclined gob multi-row group column single-shaft bearing test device of any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the distribution position, the form and the size of the remaining grouped pillars in the inclined goaf in the range to be measured are comprehensively investigated by utilizing the original geological technical data of the mine and by means of a supplementary exploration technical means;
step two: determining the shape, size and number of the test sample to be tested based on the information of the inclined goaf remaining cluster columns obtained in the step one;
step three: drilling a sample with a proper size by using a special core drilling machine for coal rock and in a multi-stage variable speed manual feeding mode, and cutting and polishing the sample to the shape and size required by a test by using a coal rock cutting machine;
step four: sequentially installing the samples in positioning grooves on a lower pressure plate;
step five: in order to prevent the sample from sliding off in the rotation process of the device, a baffle is placed in the fixed groove; then, the arc-shaped clamping block drives the fixing ring and the up-and-down sliding clamping seat to rotate by adjusting the position of the fixing rolling shaft on the arc-shaped groove, so that the loaded sample is rotated to a target angle;
step six: after the device rotates to a target angle and is fixed, clearing the force value on each sensor, and preloading;
step seven: after the preloading is finished, setting the loading speed of a main loading rod, and loading after the baffle is removed;
step eight: when the axial loading is carried out to the target value, the disturbance rod is utilized to apply axial disturbance load according to the test requirement;
step nine: after the disturbance load is applied, the axial load is continuously applied until the multiple rows of samples are instable or meet the test requirements, and then the loading is stopped;
step ten: after loading is finished, the hydraulic pushing shaft is controlled by the hydraulic oil cylinder to unload, and the test is finished.
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