CN205157335U - Ground stress effect is activity fracture belt changing of relative positions displacement distribution model test device down - Google Patents
Ground stress effect is activity fracture belt changing of relative positions displacement distribution model test device down Download PDFInfo
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- CN205157335U CN205157335U CN201520809090.9U CN201520809090U CN205157335U CN 205157335 U CN205157335 U CN 205157335U CN 201520809090 U CN201520809090 U CN 201520809090U CN 205157335 U CN205157335 U CN 205157335U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a ground stress effect is activity fracture belt changing of relative positions displacement distribution model test device down is the sample chamber between top cap and base, hollow jack is fixed at the top cap top, and linear guide is installed along the diameter to the upper surface of base, the loading piston of hollow jack passes the center of top cap and stretches into in the spacing section of thick bamboo, in the spacing section of thick bamboo from last to down in proper order the parcel have the upper portion cushion, go up the test piece, ground sample, test piece and lower part cushion down, the upper portion and the lower part of the periphery of a spacing section of thick bamboo have do not been wrapped up the loading pressure head and have been born the pressure head, and install on linear guide the bottom of bearing the pressure head. The device can simulate necessarily the stress state motion characteristic of activity fracture belt geologic body down, go back the accessible preformed hole can to last test piece, down test piece and sample hole, simulate the tunnel structure of movable fracture belt, provide important experimental means and foundation for research activities fracture belt geologic body itself and tunnel country rock displacement allocation schema.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to mechanical models for rock mass rig for testing technical field, is specifically related to active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under a kind of terrestrial stress effect.
Background technology
During active breaking belt refers to Late Quaternlary, (refer in particular to apart from the present about 0.15Ma since) is once repeatedly movable, now and will continue movable zone of fracture future; It is as up-to-date surface structure person's movements and expression, and its activity must be embodied in the aspects such as landforms, Activities of Strong Earthquakes, the geologic body changing of the relative positions.
When traffic tunnel or hydraulic tunnel etc. pass through active breaking belt, the changing of the relative positions (glutinous sliding and creep) of active breaking belt can make tunnel (hole) country rock, supporting construction stands serious shear action, make tunnel (hole) produce landslide, Support structure damage on a large scale, cause great injures and deaths and loss.China belongs to earthquake-prone countries, and active breaking belt extensively distributes, and has inevitably passed through active breaking belt in recent years at the many traffic tunnels of construction of the West Region, hydraulic tunnel.Therefore, when tunnel (hole) cannot evade active breaking belt, the Displacements Distribution pattern of geologic body and Evolution thereof in zone of fracture during the changing of the relative positions of research activities zone of fracture, for the response of announcement tunnel (hole) country rock, scientific design support system is significant.
Rock mass engineering project model test is based on similarity theory, by carrying out loading in the model test piece of scale smaller, the operation such as excavation, the condition such as stress state, excavation residing for the on-the-spot tunnel (hole) of model engineering, the distortion under prescribed conditions of monitoring test specimen and displacement characteristic, stress distribution, damage-form and failure mechanism etc.; Thus instruct for the excavation construction in engineering site tunnel (hole) and design of its support provide and use for reference.Therefore, model test be widely used in rock mass engineering project (tunnel (hole), tunnel etc.) construction and research in.In the Construction Study relating to active breaking belt, Chinese scholars have developed various active breaking belt or disturbed belt model test apparatus in order to different research purpose, is applied in the supporting research of passing through active breaking belt tunnel (hole), as:
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (o. 11th in 2008) devise a kind of large scale dimensionally crack and subway tunnel structure model test apparatus for studying the impact of ground fissure activity on subway trimmed tunnel Distortion Disciplinarian and force modes, tunnel model one end is across ground, one end, across settlement platform, adopts the rising or falling speed of multiple lifting jack manual control upper lower burrs rock mass equidistantly in a row laid.
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering (the 12nd phase in 2011) devises tunnel support monitoring system under a kind of fault viscosity-sliding changing of the relative positions condition, by fixing footwall, applies the vertical displacement of overall lifting to simulate the changing of the relative positions of trap-up bottom upper pan portion position.
Chinese patent application publication No. is CN104142274A, date of publication is 2014.11.12, denomination of invention is " ground direct shear test device and method ", this application case disclose a kind of can vertical and horizontal heap(ed) capacity controls to loading specimen shearing test device.
Current, the model investigation for active breaking belt exercise effect is mainly simulated by shear test or simple physical model test device, and this and active breaking belt geologic body actual state are not inconsistent.Mainly there is following problem in current test device and equipment:
1, in direct shear test equipment
Model test completes often through simple shearing equipment, and apply confined pressure can not to weak being with in the middle of sample, cannot form three-dimensional load, shear bandwidth is less, actual in shearing instead of band shearing in face; The excavation of tunnel can not be simulated, excavation aftereffect cannot be studied.
2, in ordinary triaxial test equipment
Model test can not control shear direction, can not limit sample and rotate, can not tunnel excavation.
3, in existing active breaking belt or disturbed belt model test apparatus
In existing part test device, tunnel has just excavated before on-test, studies its rule subsequently at load application.It is that under terrestrial stress already present given applied stress state, carry out excavation different that this and underground engineering tunnel excavate, and stressing conditions when namely excavating does not conform to the actual conditions.Meanwhile, part test mounted cast size is too large, and experimentation cost is too high, revision test maybe can not apply three-dimensional load by force.
When analyzing the problem of the active breaking belt geologic body Displacements Distribution pattern considering terrestrial stress effect, mostly adopting numerical simulation to analyze, lacking relevant model test apparatus.
Summary of the invention
In view of current test device Problems existing, the purpose of this utility model is to design active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under a kind of terrestrial stress effect, can realize carrying out three-dimensional to test specimen to load and excavation, realize active breaking belt two and coil the simulation closed with along zone of fracture slide effect.The Displacements Distribution pattern of geologic body and Evolution thereof in zone of fracture during the changing of the relative positions of research activities zone of fracture, be disclose the response of tunnel (hole) country rock, scientific design support system provides reliable laboratory facilities.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the utility model adopts comprises hydraulic cylinder, hollow jack, top cover, base, position-limiting drum, loading pressure head, carrying pressure head, top cushion block, bottom cushion block, line slideway and outer sleeve, it is characterized in that: for sample chamber between top cover and base, sample chamber is made up of the hollow jack of top and top cover, the hydraulic cylinder of side surrounding and the floor installation of bottom; Hollow jack is fixed on top cover top, and top cover is fixed on hydraulic cylinder upper limb, and base is fixed on hydraulic cylinder lower edge; Position-limiting drum is fixed with at the lower surface of top cover; The upper surface of base is diametrically provided with line slideway; The loading piston of hollow jack stretches in position-limiting drum through the center of top cover.In position-limiting drum, load below piston as loading pressure head; Load pressure head and carry pressure head difference overcoat in the upper and lower of outer sleeve; Top cushion block, upper test specimen, ground sample, lower test specimen and bottom cushion block is enclosed with from top to bottom successively in outer sleeve; The bottom of carrying pressure head is arranged on line slideway; Base is also provided with the inlet and leakage fluid dram that are communicated with sample chamber; Enter, the equal connecting fluid grease press of leakage fluid dram.
In technique scheme, described loading pressure head is arranged in position-limiting drum; Loading pressure head is that the cylinder of one end open is barrel-shaped, and the side of openend is for loading pressure head sidewall, and the other end is for loading pressure head top; Above loading pressure head top, axial loading device is set; The below at loading pressure head interior, loading pressure head top is provided with outer sleeve; Loading pressure head sidewall is also provided with the perforation of multiple loading pressure head.
In technique scheme, described hydraulic cylinder, hollow jack, position-limiting drum, loading pressure head, carrying pressure head are cylindrical shape, top cushion block, bottom cushion block are cylindrical, hydraulic cylinder, hollow jack, position-limiting drum, add, carry the central axes of pressure head and upper and lower part cushion block.
In technique scheme, ground sample entirety is bevel cylindrical, and major axis and the horizontal plane angle of the ellipse of top and bottom are α, and α is between 30 ° ~ 45 °; Upper test specimen be bottom for the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, its bottom surface is cut to obtain the ellipse of major axis and horizontal plane angle α by the plane of pressing from both sides α angle with surface level; Lower test specimen is top is the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, and its end face is cut to obtain the ellipse of major axis and horizontal plane angle α by the plane of pressing from both sides α angle with surface level; Each oblong-shaped ramps of the bottom surface of ground sample, upper test specimen and the end face of lower test specimen is measure-alike, and the axis of the line slideway of the major axis of each oblong-shaped ramps and base is positioned at same vertical guide.
In technique scheme, load pressure head be bottom for the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, its bottom surface is cut to obtain the ellipse of major axis and horizontal plane angle β by the plane of pressing from both sides β angle with surface level; The diameter loading pressure head and carrying pressure head is identical, and carrying pressure head be top is the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, and its end face is cut to obtain the ellipse of major axis and horizontal plane angle β by the plane of pressing from both sides β angle with surface level; β is between 30 ° ~ 45 °; The major axis of each ellipse and the axis of line slideway are positioned at same vertical guide.
In technique scheme, loading piston, loading pressure head, top cushion block are provided with the identical preformed hole of diameter along position, axis, and preformed hole diameter is 1/3 ~ 1/5 of upper test specimen diameter.
In technique scheme, the cylindrical diameter of upper test specimen and lower test specimen is the right cylinder maximum height of 0.5m, upper test specimen and lower test specimen between 0.3 ~ 0.5m; Ground sample is bevel right cylinder, and the distance between corresponding two elliptical areas is between 0.3 ~ 0.5m.
In technique scheme, described outer sleeve is that elastic material is made.
In technique scheme, upper and lower test specimen and lower test specimen use same material to make, and upper and lower test specimen is larger than the hardness of ground sample.
As can be seen from the above-mentioned technical scheme provided, active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under a kind of terrestrial stress effect of the utility model design, has the following advantages:
1, the upper and lower test specimen that is made by analog material of geotechnical structure model and ground sample combine on the whole, and entirety is right cylinder.The ground sample at middle part is low compared to the hardness of upper and lower test specimen, lithology weak, flabbily plastid between the upper and lower dish of simulation game zone of fracture, the upper and lower dish of zone of fracture then simulated by upper and lower test specimen, and the model sample that three combines more conforms to active breaking belt geologic body feature.The design thickness of ground sample is comparatively large, can realize being with shearing slip.
2, the position-limiting drum that top cover is divided into ensures that loading pressure head can only move up and down in position-limiting drum, load the motion of surface level direction and axial rotation that pressure head then effectively to limit test specimen, carry pressure head and then limit lower test specimen and can only limit its axial rotation along line slideway side-to-side movement.Under the effect of each fixation aforementioned, ground sample is before being destroyed, and whole ground sample and upper and lower test specimen can only move up and down along position-limiting drum; And ground sample also can only slide along the angle [alpha] of design after being destroyed, lower test specimen can only along line slideway side-to-side movement.
3, the hollow jack axially loaded can apply xial feed σ to ground sample
under, be filled with hydraulic oil in hydraulic cylinder and confined pressure σ can be applied to ground sample after pressurization
enclose, thus realize three-dimensional stand under load to ground sample, the motion feature of active breaking belt geologic body under stress state definitely can be simulated.
4, the central coaxial of top cover, loading piston, loading pressure head and top cushion block has preformed hole.After initial load has loaded, by excavation equipment along entering in preformed hole, excavation simulation can be carried out to ground sample.Reload after having excavated, displacement characteristic and the deformation rule in tunnel, active fault region (hole) can be simulated.
The utility model have similarity strong, low, the simple to operate and test findings feature accurately and reliably of Rock mass of large dimension engineering structural system, cost can be simulated, can be widely used in the experimental study of active breaking belt geologic body and wherein Wall Rock of Tunnel motion feature and Displacements Distribution pattern.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The cross-sectional view of active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under the terrestrial stress effect that Fig. 1 designs for the utility model;
Fig. 2 is outer sleeve 16 and inside and outside structural representation thereof in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is confined pressure σ
enclosewith xial feed σ
underto the force simulation analysis chart of geologic body.
The force analysis figure of the ground sample in the middle of when Fig. 4 is active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under use terrestrial stress effect.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that can add confined pressure and retrain the load maintainer that sample rotates.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation loading pressure head.
In figure: hydraulic cylinder 1, hollow jack 2, load pressure head 3, load pressure head top 3.1, load pressure head sidewall 3.2, load pressure head perforation 3.3, step groove 3.4, ring groove 3.5, interior ring groove 3.6, base 4, carrying pressure head 5, line slideway 6, rock soil test piece 7, top cushion block 8, top cushion block step trough 8.1, bottom cushion block 9, inlet 10, leakage fluid dram 11, top cover 12, position-limiting drum 13, upper test specimen 14, lower test specimen 15, outer sleeve 16, load piston 17, preformed hole 18, sample chamber 19, L shape rubber ring 20, T-shaped rubber ring 21, the angle [alpha] that the major axis of rock soil test piece 7 upper surface ellipse becomes with surface level, load major axis and the horizontal plane angle β of the elliptical ring of the bottom surface of pressure head 3 and the end face of carrying pressure head 5, load the periphery circular diameter D1 of pressure head sidewall 3.2, load the inner circumferential circular diameter D2 of pressure head sidewall 3.2, the inner circumferential circular diameter D3 of outer sleeve 16.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is described in further detail, so that people are to understanding of the present utility model.Specific constructive form of the present utility model is not limited to the form described by following embodiment; those skilled in the art can design other concrete embodiments easily according to the idea of invention statement, but these still belong to protection domain of the present utility model according to the embodiment of the utility model content design.
Under terrestrial stress effect as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit comprises: hydraulic cylinder 1, hollow jack 2, top cover 12, base 4, position-limiting drum 13, loading pressure head 3, carrying pressure head 5, top cushion block 8, bottom cushion block 9, line slideway 6 and outer sleeve 16.Between top cover 12 and base 4, jointly form sample chamber 19 by the hollow jack 2 of top and top cover 12, the hydraulic cylinder 1 of side surrounding and the base 4 of bottom.
Hollow jack 2 is fixed on top cover 12 top, and top cover 12 is fixed on hydraulic cylinder 1 upper limb, and base 4 is fixed on hydraulic cylinder 1 lower edge.Position-limiting drum 13 is also fixed with at the lower surface of top cover 12; The upper surface of base 4 is provided with line slideway 6 along its certain diameter.
The loading piston 17 of hollow jack 2 stretches in position-limiting drum 13 through the center of top cover 12.In position-limiting drum 13, load below piston 17 as loading pressure head 3; Load pressure head 3 and carry pressure head 5 difference overcoat in the upper and lower of outer sleeve 16.Flexible outer sleeve 16 wraps up as sample is overall, is specifically followed successively by top cushion block 8, upper test specimen 14, ground sample 7, lower test specimen 15 and bottom cushion block 9 from top to bottom.The bottom of carrying pressure head 5 is arranged on line slideway 6.
Base 4 is also provided with the inlet 10 and leakage fluid dram 11 that are communicated with sample chamber 19; Enter, the equal connecting fluid grease press of leakage fluid dram 10,11.In sample chamber 19, inject/discharge the pressure oil medium applying side direction confined pressure pressure by inlet 10 and leakage fluid dram 11, thus certain confined pressure σ is applied to the ground sample 7 in outer sleeve 16
enclose, ensure the confined pressure σ that sample entirety is applied simultaneously
encloseeach to unanimously, enough reach expection requirement.
Top cover 12 and hydraulic cylinder 1 upper limb are bolted, and base 4 is connected with hydraulic cylinder 1 lower edge bolt.The bottom of hollow jack 2 is added with fixed steelring, is fixed on top cover 12 by bolt.Utilize the loading piston 17 of hollow jack 2 to apply pressure downwards, xial feed σ can be applied to ground sample 7
under.
Top cover 12 lower surface is connected with position-limiting drum 13 upper limb bolt, and the preformed hole 18 that the loading piston 17 of hollow jack 2 is offered through top cover 12 center stretches in the position-limiting drum 13 in cylinder body.Loading pressure head 3 is positioned at immediately below loading piston 17, loads pressure head 3 upper surface and contact with loading piston 17 lower surface during loading; Load piston 17 and load pressure head 3 and to be in position-limiting drum 13 and can only to move up and down in position-limiting drum 13.Ensure that the sample entirety in outer sleeve 16 can not move in the horizontal direction, only vertically moves according to this.Outer sleeve 16 uses elastic material, ensures that sample entirety can be applied in xial feed σ axially completely
under.
Described top cushion block 8 is between loading pressure head 3 and upper test specimen 14, and bottom cushion block 9 is between carrying pressure head 5 and lower test specimen 15, and lifting jack can be acted on the axial force loaded on pressure head 3 and pass to sample uniformly by top cushion block 8.Base 4 upper surface is provided with line slideway 6, and carrying pressure head 5 is arranged on line slideway 6.Ensure sample global displacement in the horizontal direction according to this, and utilize the checkout equipment that line slideway 6 is arranged, can monitor, the horizontal displacement of test samples entirety.
Added confined pressure as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 also retrains in the load maintainer of sample rotation: concrete, loads pressure head 3 and is arranged in position-limiting drum 13.Loading pressure head 3 is that the cylinder of one end open is barrel-shaped, and the side of openend is for loading pressure head sidewall 3.2, and the other end is for loading pressure head top 3.1.Above loading pressure head top 3.1, hollow jack 2 is set.
Load pressure head sidewall 3.2 inner, load pressure head top 3.1 below, be also provided with outer sleeve 16.Outer sleeve 16 internal package has top cushion block 8 and ground sample 7.
Loading pressure head sidewall 3.2 beyond top cushion block 8 contact area is also provided with multiple loading pressure head perforation 3.3.The diameter of each loading pressure head perforation 3.3 is 1 ~ 2cm.The total area of all loading pressure head perforation 3.3 accounts for 50% ~ 60% of loading pressure head sidewall 3.2 area beyond top cushion block 8 contact area.Concrete, have at least the loading pressure head of 2/3 perforation 3.3 to be arranged on and load beyond pressure head sidewall 3.2 and position-limiting drum 5 contact area.
On the outer end face loading pressure head top 3.1, have the sagging formula grooving of downward annular along excircle: load pressure head top slot 3.4.The center bottom of this loading pressure head top step groove 3.4 has the sagging formula grooving of annular: ring groove 3.5.Edge loads on the medial surface at pressure head top 3.1, has the sagging formula grooving of annular along excircle: interior ring groove 3.6.In loading pressure head top step groove 3.4, T-shaped rubber ring 21 is set.The cross section of described T-shaped rubber ring 21 is "T"-shaped, and the "T"-shaped outstanding bottom of T-shaped rubber ring 21 is arranged in ring groove 3.5; In loading pressure head top 3.1, in ring groove 3.6, L shape rubber ring 20 is set; Described L shape rubber ring 20 cross section is L-shaped, and the top of L shape rubber ring 20 is arranged in interior ring groove 3.6.
Loading pressure head 3 is arranged in position-limiting drum 13, above loading pressure head top 3.1, arrange hollow jack 2; Outer sleeve 16, top cushion block 8 and ground sample 7 is provided with in the below, loading pressure head sidewall 3.2 at loading pressure head top 3.1; Top cushion block 8 is cylindrical, and its top circumferentially circle has the sagging formula grooving of downward annular: top cushion block step trough 8.1.Cushion block step trough 8.1 periphery, top is wrapped in inside " L " shape extending area of L shape rubber ring 20; Outer sleeve 16 is wrapped in the outside of top cushion block 8, L shape rubber ring 20 and ground sample 7; The top of outer sleeve 16 is arranged on and loads pressure head 3 inside top.
Hollow jack 2, T-shaped rubber ring 21, loading pressure head 3, L shape rubber ring 20, outer sleeve 16, position-limiting drum 13, ground sample 7 and top cushion block 8 are coaxial setting, and the center of hollow jack 2, loading pressure head 3 and top cushion block 8 is provided with equal diameter preformed hole 18.Preformed hole 18 on each parts is coaxial setting after installation is complete.Therefore can be excavated ground sample 7 along entering excavation equipment by preformed hole 18, simulation tunnel excavation, then simulated the active characteristics in active breaking belt geologic body tunnel (hole), obtained related data.
The top of the loading pressure head 3 designed by the utility model is hollow jack 2, and common concrete equipment is hollow jack.Position-limiting drum 13 is arranged on the top of sample chamber, fills hydraulic medium in sample chamber.Position-limiting drum 13 and outer sleeve 16 are all immersed in hydraulic medium.
The periphery circular diameter loading pressure head sidewall 3.2 is D1, inner circumferential circular diameter is D2, and the periphery circular diameter of outer sleeve 16 is D2, inner circumferential circular diameter is D3; The inner circumferential circular diameter of position-limiting drum 13 is D1; The periphery circular diameter of T-shaped rubber ring 21 is D1.The periphery circular diameter of top cushion block 8 is D3.
The periphery circular diameter loading pressure head sidewall 3.2 is D1=57 ~ 112cm; The inner circumferential circular diameter loading pressure head sidewall 3.2 is D2=52 ~ 103cm;
And the wall thickness (D1-D2)/2 loading pressure head sidewall 3.2 is 5 ~ 15mm.
The periphery circular diameter of outer sleeve 16 is also D2; The inner circumferential circular diameter of outer sleeve 16 is D3=50 ~ 100cm.Described outer sleeve 16 is resilient material, and its wall thickness (D2-D3)/2 is 2 ~ 5mm.
The periphery circular diameter of T-shaped rubber ring 21 is also D1.The inner circumferential circular diameter of T-shaped rubber ring 21 is not less than 0.8 × D1.
The periphery circular diameter of L shape rubber ring 20 is D3.The inner circumferential circular diameter of L shape rubber ring 20 is no less than 0.8 × D3, and the whole height of L shape rubber ring 20 is 0.1 × D3 ~ 0.2 × D3.The inner circumferential circular diameter of described L shape rubber ring 20 is no less than 0.8 × D3, and the length breadth ratio that the whole height of L shape rubber ring 20 is " L " tee section of 0.1 × D3 ~ 0.2 × D3, L shape rubber ring 20 is 2:3.
Concrete, in order to coordinate overall testing equipment and the diameter of ground sample to be measured, choose the outer sleeve 16 that rubber makes, its inner circumferential diameter D3=50cm, outer circumference diameter D2=54cm, wall thickness 2cm.According to this, the periphery circular diameter D1=57cm of pressure head sidewall 3.2 is loaded.
The shape of L shape rubber ring 20 and size and top cushion block 8, outer sleeve 16 and the annular breach loaded between pressure head 3 cooperatively interact, and ensure that hydraulic medium can not enter in outer sleeve 16.The annular breach that the shape of T-shaped rubber ring 5 and size and loading pressure head 3, axial loading device agree with between position-limiting drum 6 cooperatively interacts, and ensures that hydraulic medium can not enter axial loading device and load between pressure head 3.
Sample entirety is formed by rock soil test piece 7, upper test specimen 14, lower test specimen 15 3 incorporating aspects, and wherein rock soil test piece 7 is soft rock sample, and upper test specimen 14 and lower test specimen 15 are hard rock test specimen, the flabbily plastid of three's difference simulation game zone of fracture and upper and lower fault wall.
Concrete, described outer sleeve 16 is made for elastic material.Outer sleeve about 16 tightly wraps up successively: top cushion block 8, upper test specimen 14, rock soil test piece 7, lower test specimen 15 and bottom cushion block 9.By loading pressure head 3, the carrying pressure head 5 installed respectively up and down with stationary fixture of outer sleeve 16.Outer sleeve 16 contacts with the upper surface of top cushion block 8, and the bottom inner surface loading pressure head 3 contacts with the lower surface of outer sleeve 16 top, bottom cushion block 9 and the inside upper surface that carries pressure head 5 simultaneously.The restriction that outer sleeve 16 is subject to position-limiting drum 13 from top to bottom respectively, loads pressure head 3, carries pressure head 5 and line slideway 6.Therefore, the upper test specimen 14 in outer sleeve 16 can only move up and down along position-limiting drum 13.Rock soil test piece 7 and lower test specimen 15, before being destroyed, also can only move up and down along position-limiting drum 13.After rock soil test piece 7 is destroyed, rock soil test piece 7 also can only be slided along given surface (the bevel right cylinder upper surface of lower test specimen 15), lower test specimen 15 along line slideway 6 side-to-side movement, can only ensure that sample mass motion is restricted motion according to this.
Ground sample 7 entirety is bevel cylindrical, and major axis and the horizontal plane angle of the ellipse of top and bottom are α, and α is between 30 ° ~ 45 °.Upper test specimen 14 be bottom for the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, its bottom surface is cut to obtain the ellipse of major axis and horizontal plane angle α by the plane of pressing from both sides α angle with surface level.Lower test specimen 15 is tops is the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, and its end face is cut to obtain the ellipse of major axis and horizontal plane angle α by the plane of pressing from both sides α angle with surface level.Each oblong-shaped ramps of the bottom surface of ground sample 7, upper test specimen 14 and the end face of lower test specimen 15 is measure-alike, and the axis of the line slideway 6 of the major axis of each oblong-shaped ramps and base 4 is positioned at same vertical guide.
Load pressure head 3 be bottom for the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, its bottom surface is cut to obtain the elliptical ring of major axis and horizontal plane angle β by the plane of pressing from both sides β angle with surface level.The diameter loading pressure head 3 and carrying pressure head 5 is identical, and carrying pressure head 5 are tops is the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, and its end face is cut to obtain the elliptical ring of major axis and horizontal plane angle β by the plane of pressing from both sides β angle with surface level; β is between 30 ° ~ 45 °.The major axis of each elliptical ring and the axis of line slideway 6 are positioned at same vertical guide.
The loading pressure head 3 of outer sleeve 16 and its outside and the size of carrying pressure head 5, shape cooperatively interact.Be particularly load the size of pressure head 3 and upper test specimen 14, shape cooperatively interacts, size, the shape of carrying pressure head 5 and lower test specimen 15 cooperatively interact; Be outside inclined ellipse face and be no more than inner inclined ellipse face, thus ensure that the ground sample 7 at middle part can ensure the changing of the relative positions in prescribed way of sample entirety like this.
Can obtain according to this as Fig. 3 and 4 respectively to confined pressure σ
enclosewith xial feed σ
underto the force simulation analysis of geologic body, and the force analysis of ground sample middle during active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under use terrestrial stress effect.
Each oblong-shaped ramps of the bottom surface of ground sample 7, upper test specimen 14 and the end face of lower test specimen 15 is measure-alike, and the axis of the line slideway 6 of the major axis of each oblong-shaped ramps and base 4 is positioned at same vertical guide.The cylindrical diameter of upper test specimen 14 and lower test specimen 15 is 0.5m, cylindrical maximum height between 0.3 ~ 0.5m, and the distance between cylindrical two elliptical areas of bevel of ground sample 7 is between 0.3 ~ 0.5m.
Described hydraulic cylinder 1, hollow jack 2, position-limiting drum 13, loading pressure head 3, carrying pressure head 5 are cylindrical shape, top cushion block 8, bottom cushion block 9 are cylindrical, hydraulic cylinder 1, hollow jack 2, position-limiting drum 13, add, carry the central axes of pressure head 4,5 and upper and lower part cushion block 8,9.
Described loading pressure head 3 is identical with carrying pressure head 5 diameter.Position-limiting drum 13 internal diameter, loading piston 17 external diameter are equal with loading pressure head 3 external diameter.Load pressure head 3 internal diameter equal with outer sleeve 16 external diameter.The external diameter of outer sleeve 16 internal diameter and top cushion block 8, bottom cushion block 9, rock soil test piece 7, upper test specimen 14, lower test specimen 15 is all equal.The diameter of rock soil test piece 7, upper test specimen 14 and lower test specimen 15 is all slightly less than the internal diameter loading pressure head 3 and carrying pressure head 5, and difference is the thickness of outer sleeve 16.
Described top cover 12, load pressure head 3 and top cushion block 8 center and have and the preformed hole 18 of equal diameters coaxial with the hollow jack 2 at top.Loading piston 17, loading pressure head 3, top cushion block 8 are provided with the identical preformed hole of diameter 18 along position, axis, and preformed hole 18 diameter is 1/3 ~ 1/5 of upper test specimen 14 diameter.The preformed hole 18 offered can be implemented in process of the test, along entering boring apparatus in hole, realizing the excavation to sample, simulating the motion feature in active breaking belt tunnel.
Test unit except outer sleeve 16, rock soil test piece 7 and upper and lower test specimen (14,15) is except making by metal material.
As shown in Figure 3, confined pressure σ is simulated
enclosewith xial feed σ
underto the force analysis of geologic body.If Fig. 4 is when using this model test apparatus, the force analysis figure of middle ground sample 7.
Utilize active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under the terrestrial stress effect designed by the utility model, following test implementation step can be taked:
First according to the geologic information information of target area, ground sample 7, upper test specimen 14 and lower test specimen 15 is made.Upper test specimen 14 and lower test specimen 15 use same material to make, and the material of the two is larger than the hardness of ground sample 7.Wrap up successively from top to bottom in outer sleeve 16: top cushion block 8, upper test specimen 14, ground sample 7, lower test specimen 15 and bottom cushion block 9.Now, ground sample 7, upper test specimen 14 and lower test specimen 15 constitute sample entirety.
(1) motion feature of active breaking belt geologic body under stress state definitely, is simulated
1, line slideway 6 and bottom carrying pressure head 5 are installed, connect base 4 and hydraulic cylinder 1, outer sleeve 16 is placed in carrying pressure head 5, and be in place by remaining device, sealing liquid cylinder pressure 1, completes the installation of whole device.
2, prestrain: hollow jack 2 axially applies a less power, makes sample entirety, top cushion block 8, loads pressure head 3, loads equal close contact between each surface of contact of piston 17;
3, given applied stress state is loaded on: injection pressure oil medium in sample chamber 19, applies confined pressure to design load, start hollow jack 2, load further by the stress condition of design, after arriving given applied stress condition, stop loading and keeping stress constant, reach stable stress state;
4, axially continue to load: according to the speed of test design, test, make rock soil test piece 7, by given, trickle slip occur, make lower test specimen 15 horizontally slip until off-test together with bottom cushion block 9 and carrying pressure head 5 along line slideway 6 simultaneously;
5, test figure is recorded, analyzing and processing test findings.
(2) the tunnel structure body of active breaking belt, was simulated
Step 1 ~ 3 and aforementioned (one), to simulate the motion feature of active breaking belt geologic body under stress state definitely consistent.
4, by preformed hole 18 along entering corresponding excavation equipment, rock soil test piece 7 is excavated, Excavation simulation tunnel;
5, after having excavated, hollow jack 2 axially continues to load, and according to the speed of test design, tests, make rock soil test piece 7, by given, trickle slip occur, make lower test specimen 15 horizontally slip until off-test together with bottom cushion block 9 and carrying pressure head 5 along line slideway 6 simultaneously;
6, test figure is recorded, analyzing and processing test findings.
Active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under the terrestrial stress effect of the utility model design, be subject to loading pressure head 3, position-limiting drum 13, outer sleeve 16, carrying pressure head 5 and line slideway 6 to the motion of ground sample 7 in sample chamber 9 to limit, ensure that ground sample 7 can only slide along given inclined-plane.This test unit is loaded by axial and side direction, the motion feature of active breaking belt geologic body under stress state definitely can be simulated, also can hole to upper test specimen 14, lower test specimen 15 and ground sample 7 by preformed hole 18, simulated the tunnel structure body of active breaking belt, for research activities zone of fracture geologic body itself and tunnel rock displacement distribution pattern provide important tests means and foundation, overcome the limitation that traditional activity zone of fracture slip test cannot consider terrestrial stress effect.
Claims (9)
1. active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under a terrestrial stress effect, comprise hydraulic cylinder (1), hollow jack (2), top cover (12), base (4), position-limiting drum (13), load pressure head (3), carrying pressure head (5), top cushion block (8), bottom cushion block (9), line slideway (6) and outer sleeve (16), it is characterized in that: be sample chamber (19) between top cover (12) and base (4), sample chamber (19) is by the hollow jack (2) of top and top cover (12), the hydraulic cylinder (1) of side surrounding and the base (4) of bottom are formed,
Hollow jack (2) is fixed on top cover (12) top, and top cover (12) is fixed on hydraulic cylinder (1) upper limb, and base (4) is fixed on hydraulic cylinder (1) lower edge; Position-limiting drum (13) is fixed with at the lower surface of top cover (12); The upper surface of base (4) is diametrically provided with line slideway (6);
The loading piston (17) of hollow jack (2) stretches in position-limiting drum (13) through the center pit of top cover (12); In position-limiting drum (13), load piston (17) below for loading pressure head (3); Load pressure head (3) and carry the upper and lower of pressure head (5) difference overcoat in outer sleeve (16); Top cushion block (8), upper test specimen (14), ground sample (7), lower test specimen (15) and bottom cushion block (9) is enclosed with from top to bottom successively in outer sleeve (16); The bottom of carrying pressure head (5) is arranged on line slideway (6);
Base (4) is also provided with the inlet (10) and leakage fluid dram (11) that are communicated with sample chamber (19); Enter, leakage fluid dram (10,11) all connecting fluid grease presses.
2. active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described loading pressure head (3) is arranged in position-limiting drum (13); Load the cylinder that pressure head (3) is one end open barrel-shaped, the side of openend is for loading pressure head sidewall (3.2), and the other end is for loading pressure head top (3.1); In the top loading pressure head top (3.1), axial loading device is set;
Load pressure head sidewall (3.2) below that is inner, that load pressure head top (3.1) and be provided with outer sleeve (16);
Loading pressure head sidewall (3.2) is also provided with multiple loading pressure head perforation (3.3).
3. active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described hydraulic cylinder (1), hollow jack (2), position-limiting drum (13), loading pressure head (3), carrying pressure head (5) are cylindrical shape; Top cushion block (8), bottom cushion block (9) are cylindrical; Hydraulic cylinder (1), hollow jack (2), position-limiting drum (13), add, carry the central axes of pressure head (4,5) and upper and lower part cushion block (8,9).
4. active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: ground sample (7) entirety is bevel cylindrical, major axis and the horizontal plane angle of the ellipse of top and bottom are α, and α is between 30 ° ~ 45 °; Upper test specimen (14) be bottom for the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, its bottom surface is cut to obtain the ellipse of major axis and horizontal plane angle α by the plane of pressing from both sides α angle with surface level; Lower test specimen (15) is top is the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, and its end face is cut to obtain the ellipse of major axis and horizontal plane angle α by the plane of pressing from both sides α angle with surface level; Each oblong-shaped ramps of the bottom surface of ground sample (7), upper test specimen (14) and the end face of lower test specimen (15) is measure-alike, and the axis of the line slideway (6) of the major axis of each oblong-shaped ramps and base (4) is positioned at same vertical guide.
5. active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: load pressure head (3) be bottom for the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, its bottom surface is cut to obtain the elliptical ring of major axis and horizontal plane angle β by the plane of pressing from both sides β angle with surface level; Load pressure head (3) identical with the diameter of carrying pressure head (5), carrying pressure head (5) be top is the cylindrical right cylinder of bevel, and its end face is cut to obtain the elliptical ring of major axis and horizontal plane angle β by the plane of pressing from both sides β angle with surface level; β is between 30 ° ~ 45 °; The axis of the major axis of each elliptical ring and line slideway (6) is positioned at same vertical guide.
6. active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: loading piston (17), loading pressure head (3), top cushion block (8) are provided with the identical preformed hole of diameter (18) along position, axis, and preformed hole (18) diameter is 1/3 ~ 1/5 of upper test specimen (14) diameter.
7. active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the cylindrical diameter of upper test specimen (14) and lower test specimen (15) is the right cylinder maximum height of 0.5m, upper test specimen (14) and lower test specimen (15) between 0.3 ~ 0.5m; Ground sample (7) is bevel right cylinder, and the distance between corresponding two elliptical areas is between 0.3 ~ 0.5m.
8. active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described outer sleeve (16) is made for elastic material.
9. active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: test specimen (14) and lower test specimen (15) use same material to make up and down, and upper and lower test specimen (14,15) is larger than the hardness of ground sample (7).
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| CN105223081A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect |
| CN106226808A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-14 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of assay device simulating tunnel seismic response under fault movement and test method |
| CN107271128A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-10-20 | 西南交通大学 | It is a kind of to simulate the experimental rig that the changing of the relative positions of reversed fault stick-slip triggers Chi-chi earthquake |
| CN109900564A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-18 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Inter-laminar dislocation band of growing up friction angle measuring method |
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- 2015-10-16 CN CN201520809090.9U patent/CN205157335U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105223081A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model test unit under terrestrial stress effect |
| CN105223081B (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2018-03-16 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Active breaking belt alternate displacement distributed model experimental rig under crustal stress effect |
| CN106226808A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-14 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of assay device simulating tunnel seismic response under fault movement and test method |
| CN107271128A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-10-20 | 西南交通大学 | It is a kind of to simulate the experimental rig that the changing of the relative positions of reversed fault stick-slip triggers Chi-chi earthquake |
| CN107271128B (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2023-04-07 | 西南交通大学 | Test device for simulating near fault seismic oscillation caused by reverse fault stick-slip dislocation |
| CN109900564A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-18 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Inter-laminar dislocation band of growing up friction angle measuring method |
| CN109900564B (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2021-09-28 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring friction angle of large interlaminar dislocation belt |
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