CN107271128B - Test device for simulating near fault seismic oscillation caused by reverse fault stick-slip dislocation - Google Patents
Test device for simulating near fault seismic oscillation caused by reverse fault stick-slip dislocation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107271128B CN107271128B CN201710512369.4A CN201710512369A CN107271128B CN 107271128 B CN107271128 B CN 107271128B CN 201710512369 A CN201710512369 A CN 201710512369A CN 107271128 B CN107271128 B CN 107271128B
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- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for simulating the near fault seismic oscillation caused by the stick-slip dislocation of a reverse fault, which comprises a test box body with a cubic structure and an opening on the upper surface, wherein a movable baffle is arranged on the lower part of the surface of one side of the test box body; an embedded plate formed by extending towards the interior of the test box body is arranged above the movable baffle plate, and the movable baffle plate can slide along the embedded plate and the lower surface of the test box body; a simulation fault communicated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the test chamber body is arranged in the test chamber body; a simulation tunnel penetrating through the simulation fault is arranged at the upper part in the test box body; an upper tray is arranged between one side of the simulated fault close to the movable baffle and the inner surface of the test box body, and a lower tray is arranged between one side of the simulated fault far away from the movable baffle and the inner surface of the test box body; a plurality of pressure-sensitive micro-explosion devices connected in series are arranged below the simulated tunnel in the simulated fault; the invention can truly simulate the mechanism of earthquake motion of the near fault under the stick-slip action of the reverse fault, and has accurate test result and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device for tunnel earthquake motion response, in particular to a test device for simulating near fault earthquake motion caused by reverse fault stick-slip dislocation.
Background
With the development of tunnel engineering in China, the safety of tunnels in natural disasters such as earthquakes and the like is increasingly emphasized by people; the similar model test is one of two main methods (namely, the similar model test and the numerical simulation) for tunnel research and analysis, and is widely applied to the research of tunnel disaster prevention because the similar model test has stronger intuition and authenticity compared with the numerical simulation method; the model test method of the tunnel under the action of earthquake motion applied at present is often a vibration table test, namely the tunnel is placed in a model box, and the model box is placed on a vibration table; vibrating the vibrating table in a preset direction, and observing the deformation and damage characteristics of the tunnel; the vibration direction and speed of each position on the vibration table are the same because the whole vibration table is a plane, namely the vibration table test essentially simulates the consistent excitation of the vertical incidence of seismic waves in the seismic motion process at a far field; however, in the actual near-fault earthquake, the earthquake is essentially near-field earthquake motion, and the earthquake mechanism is that the fault generates creep under the action of tectonic stress; energy is accumulated at the fault due to the long-term creep action of the earthquake-induced fault, and finally fault stick-slip occurs; the fracture of the fault rock mass under the stick-slip action causes the occurrence of seismic oscillation and the permanent displacement of the earth surface, and the fracture position of the fault is the seismic source position of the seismic oscillation caused by the stick-slip action of the active fault; obviously, the non-uniform near-field vibration mode is greatly different from the vibration table model test for simulating far-field earthquake motion applied at present, and the traditional vibration table test cannot effectively simulate the earthquake source mechanism of non-uniform earthquake motion and permanent earth surface displacement caused by the stick-slip effect of the active fault; therefore, the traditional vibration table test is used for researching the seismic response of the tunnel under the action of the near-fault seismic motion, and the test method and the subsequent test result are unreasonable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a test device for simulating reverse fault stick-slip dislocation to cause near fault seismic motion, which can truly reflect the natural seismic motion seismic features of the near fault.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a test device for simulating the viscous-sliding dislocation of a reverse fault to cause the earthquake motion of a near fault comprises a test box body with a cubic structure and an opening on the upper surface, wherein a movable baffle is arranged on the lower part of the surface of one side of the test box body; an embedded plate extending towards the interior of the test box body is arranged above the movable baffle plate, and the movable baffle plate can slide along the embedded plate and the lower surface of the test box body; a simulation fault communicated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the test chamber body is arranged in the test chamber body; a simulation tunnel penetrating through the simulation fault is arranged at the upper part in the test box body; an upper tray is arranged between one side, close to the movable baffle, above the simulated fault and the inner surface of the test box body, and a lower tray is arranged between one side, far away from the movable baffle, below the simulated fault and the inner surface of the test box body; a plurality of pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices connected in series are arranged below the simulated tunnel in the simulated fault.
Furthermore, a flexible energy absorbing layer is arranged on the inner surface of the test box body and one side, far away from the movable baffle, of the embedded plate.
Further, a sliding layer is arranged between the simulation fault and the lower wall.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the movable baffle is connected with a power rod, and the power rod is connected with a power device.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the test box body is provided with a fixing bracket for fixing the test box body on the ground.
Furthermore, a reserved bolt hole is formed in the fixing support and connected with the ground bolt through the reserved bolt hole.
Furthermore, the strength of the materials adopted by the upper plate and the lower plate is higher than that of the simulated fault.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The device can truly simulate the earthquake excitation mechanism of the near fault earthquake under the stick-slip action of the reverse fault;
(2) The device can simulate the influence of the permanent ground surface displacement and elastic waves on the tunnel, which are generated by the earthquake motion of a near fault under the stick-slip action of a reverse fault;
(3) The device has simple structure, does not need to use a vibration table, and can greatly reduce the test cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a test box body, 2-an inner panel, 3-a flexible energy absorption layer, 4-a power rod, 5-a movable baffle, 6-a fixed support, 7-a reserved bolt hole, 8-a simulated tunnel, 9-a simulated fault, 10-an upper disc, 11-a pressure-sensitive differential explosion device, 12-a sliding layer and 13-a lower disc.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a test device for simulating reverse fault stick-slip dislocation to cause near fault seismic oscillation comprises a test box body 1 with a cubic structure and an opening on the upper surface, wherein a movable baffle 5 is arranged on the lower part of the surface of one side of the test box body 1; an embedded plate 2 extending towards the interior of the test box body 1 is arranged above the movable baffle 5, and the movable baffle 5 can slide along the embedded plate 2 and the lower surface of the test box body 1; a simulation fault 9 communicating the upper surface and the lower surface of the test box body 1 is arranged in the test box body; a simulation tunnel 8 penetrating through a simulation fault 9 is arranged at the upper part in the test box body 1; an upper disc 10 is arranged between one side, close to the movable baffle 5, above the simulated fault 9 and the inner surface of the test box body 1, and a lower disc 13 is arranged between one side, far away from the movable baffle 5, below the simulated fault 9 and the inner surface of the test box body 1; a pressure-sensitive differential explosion device 11 consisting of a plurality of serially connected point explosives is arranged below the simulation tunnel 8 in the simulation fault 9.
When in use, the test box body 1 is used as a bearing container and forms a cubic structure with closed periphery with the movable baffle 5; the simulated tunnel 8 is arranged at the upper part of the test box body 1, so that the simulated tunnel can be ensured to have a certain burial depth and enough foundation soil layer.
Furthermore, the inner surface of the test box body 1 and one side, away from the movable baffle 5, of the embedded plate 2 are provided with a flexible energy absorption layer 3 which is made of polychlorostyrene foam board to absorb elastic waves reaching the boundary of the test box body and prevent the reflection of the elastic waves.
Furthermore, a sliding layer 12 is arranged between the simulated fault 9 and the lower disc 13, and the sliding layer 12 is made of talcum powder, so that the friction force between the fault 9 and the lower disc 13 is reduced, and the upper disc and the lower disc are easy to generate dislocation under the action of external force.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the movable baffle 5 is connected with a power rod 4, and the power rod 4 is connected with a power device.
Further, a fixing bracket 6 for fixing the test box body 1 on the ground is arranged on the outer surface of the test box body 1; a certain number of fixed brackets 6 are welded on the other three side surfaces of the test box body 1 except the side where the power rod 4 and the movable baffle 5 are positioned; the number of the fixing brackets 6 is set as required.
Furthermore, a reserved bolt hole 7 is formed in the fixing support 6 and connected with a ground bolt through the reserved bolt hole 7.
Furthermore, the strength of the materials of the upper plate 10 and the lower plate 13 is higher than that of the simulated fault 9, and the simulated fault 9 is filled with a mixture of barite powder, fine quartz sand, engine oil and fly ash in a certain proportion, so that the characteristics of low strength and loose materials of a fault fracture zone are embodied.
When the device is used, the power rod 4 pushes the movable baffle 5 to extrude the upper disc 10, and the upper disc 10 further extrudes the simulation fault 9; the sliding layer 12 is arranged, and the upper disc 10 has a tendency of moving upwards to generate permanent ground surface displacement; along with the increase of the displacement of the movable baffle 5, the upper disc 10 and the lower disc 13 further press the simulation fault 9, so that energy is accumulated at the simulation fault 9, and the pressure is increased; finally, the detonation critical point of the pressure-sensitive differential explosion device 11 is reached, so that the pressure-sensitive differential explosion device 11 explodes to cause the simulated fault 9 to break, elastic waves are generated in the test box body 1, and the simulated tunnel 8 generates vibration response along with the elastic waves; and because the lower disc 13 and the simulated fault 9 are restrained by the test box body 1, the upper disc 10 has the trend of moving upwards along the direction parallel to the simulated fault 9 under the double actions of thrust and the sliding layer 12; the maximum pressure at the simulated fault 9 must occur at the bottom of the simulated fault 9; the pressure-sensitive differential explosive device 11 is inevitably detonated from the lowermost side; because the pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices are connected in series, the pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices 11 are sequentially detonated from bottom to top, the detonation time can be controlled by the arrangement mode of the pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices 11, and then, the multi-section short-duration explosion seismic waves can be continued and connected, and the generated differential explosion effect can simulate the seismic effect of a natural field; elastic waves are transmitted to the position of the simulated tunnel 8 from bottom to top, the simulated tunnel 8 is separated from the pressure-sensitive differential explosion device 11 by a larger distance, and when the explosion waves are transmitted to the position of the simulated tunnel, the generated vibration waveform can truly reflect the earthquake characteristics of natural earthquake motion of a fault.
During specific construction and manufacturing, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, welding a test box body 1 and an embedded plate 2 connected with the test box body;
(2) Placing the test box body 1 on a horizontal ground, and fixing the test box body 1 and the ground through a reserved bolt hole 7; the movable baffle 5 is pulled outwards to be flush with the outer surface of the test box body 1, and the whole test box body 1 is closed;
(3) Flexible energy absorbing materials with certain thickness are glued on the inner surface of the test box body 1, the inner surface of the movable baffle 5 and the upper surface of the inner panel 2 to form a flexible energy absorbing layer 3;
(4) Laying a lower disc 13 below the simulation tunnel 8;
(5) Laying a sliding coating with a certain thickness to form a sliding layer 12;
(6) Laying a simulation fault 9 below the simulation tunnel 8, placing pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices 11 in the simulation fault 9 according to a preset scheme, wherein the pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices 11 are connected in series;
(7) An upper disc 10 below the simulation tunnel 8 is laid;
(8) Laying a simulation tunnel 8;
(9) Laying an upper disc 1, a simulation fault 9, a sliding coating and a lower disc 13 above the simulation tunnel 8;
(10) The test box body 1 is placed for a certain time, so that the states of all parts in the test box body 1 tend to be stable;
(11) The power rod 4 pushes the movable baffle 5 according to the preset displacement until the pressure-sensitive type differential explosion device 11 explodes;
(12) After the vibration of the box body 1 to be tested stops, data of the strain gauge pasted on the lining of the simulated tunnel 8 and data of the accelerometer pre-buried in the stratum are extracted, statistics is carried out on the data, and the stress deformation characteristics of the simulated tunnel 8 under the action of the near-fault earthquake and the regularity of the stratum acceleration are obtained.
The invention can truly simulate the mechanism of earthquake caused by the near fault earthquake under the action of the stick-slip of the reverse fault, and the influence of the permanent displacement of the earth surface and the elastic wave generated by the mechanism on the tunnel.
Claims (1)
1. A test method for simulating near fault seismic oscillation caused by reverse fault stick-slip dislocation comprises the steps that a used test device comprises a cubic structure test box body (1) with an opening in the upper surface, and a movable baffle (5) is arranged on the lower portion of the surface of one side of the test box body (1); an embedded plate (2) extending towards the interior of the test box body (1) is arranged above the movable baffle (5), and the movable baffle (5) can slide along the embedded plate (2) and the lower surface of the test box body (1); a simulation fault (9) communicated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the test box body (1) is arranged in the test box body; a simulation tunnel (8) penetrating through a simulation fault (9) is arranged at the upper part in the test box body (1); an upper disc (10) is arranged between one side of the simulation fault (9) close to the movable baffle (5) and the inner surface of the test box body (1), and a lower disc (13) is arranged between one side of the simulation fault (9) far away from the movable baffle (5) and the inner surface of the test box body (1); a plurality of pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices (11) which are connected in series are arranged below a simulation tunnel (8) in the simulation fault (9); a flexible energy absorption layer (3) is arranged on the inner surface of the test box body (1) and one side of the embedded plate (2) far away from the movable baffle (5); a sliding layer (12) is arranged between the simulation fault (9) and the lower disc (13); the outer surface of the movable baffle (5) is connected with a power rod (4), and the power rod (4) is connected with a power device; the outer surface of the test box body (1) is provided with a fixed bracket (6) for fixing the test box body on the ground; the fixed support (6) is provided with a reserved bolt hole (7) and is connected with a ground bolt through the reserved bolt hole (7); the strength of materials adopted by the upper disc (10) and the lower disc (13) is higher than that of a simulated fault (9), and the test method is characterized in that the test process specifically comprises the following steps:
the test box body (1) is used as a bearing container and forms a cubic structure with closed periphery with the movable baffle (5); the power rod (4) pushes the movable baffle (5) to extrude the upper disc (10), and the upper disc (10) further extrudes the simulation fault (9); a sliding layer (12) is arranged, and the upper disc (10) has the tendency of moving upwards to generate permanent ground surface displacement; along with the increase of the displacement of the movable baffle (5), the upper disc (10) and the lower disc (13) further press the simulation fault (9), so that energy is accumulated at the simulation fault (9), and the pressure is increased; finally, the detonation critical point of the pressure-sensitive differential explosion device (11) is reached, so that the pressure-sensitive differential explosion device (11) explodes to trigger the simulated fault (9) to break, elastic waves are generated in the test box body (1), and the simulated tunnel (8) generates vibration response along with the elastic waves; the lower disc (13) and the simulated fault (9) are restrained by the test box body (1), and the upper disc (10) has a trend of moving upwards along the direction parallel to the simulated fault (9) under the double action of thrust and a sliding layer (12); the maximum pressure at the simulated fault (9) necessarily occurs at the bottom of the simulated fault (9); therefore, the pressure-sensitive differential explosion device (11) is inevitably detonated from the lowest part; the pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices (11) are connected in series, so that the pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices (11) are sequentially detonated from bottom to top, the detonation time can be controlled by the arrangement mode of the pressure-sensitive differential explosion devices (11), and then the multi-section short-duration explosion seismic waves can be continued and connected, and the generated differential explosion effect can simulate the seismic effect of a natural field; elastic waves are transmitted to the position of the simulation tunnel (8) from bottom to top, the simulation tunnel (8) is separated from the pressure-sensitive differential explosion device (11) by a larger distance, and when the explosion waves are transmitted to the simulation tunnel, the generated vibration waveform can truly reflect the earthquake characteristics of natural earthquake motion of a fault.
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