CN112901166B - Thick coal seam hydraulic fracturing roof cutting gob-side entry retaining method - Google Patents
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thick coal seam hydraulic fracturing roof cutting gob-side entry retaining method, which comprises the following specific steps: calculating the roof cutting height of a thick coal seam, constructing fracturing drill holes, cutting hole walls by high-pressure jet flow, performing multiple hydraulic fracturing on a single hole, sequentially fracturing a plurality of groups of fracturing drill holes, and performing roof cutting, roadway retaining and auxiliary measures; the hydraulic fracturing technology adopted by the method has small disturbance effect on the roadway, relieves the problems of gas accumulation and harmful gas overrun, mainly consumes underground industrial water in fracturing construction, has small influence on the environment, can perform hydraulic fracturing on a plurality of groups of fracturing drill holes simultaneously or alternatively, saves time and cost, improves the mining and replacing efficiency, and can replace the energy-gathering blasting technology to realize safe, efficient and quick roof cutting and roadway retaining of thick coal seam mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of roof cutting gob-side entry retaining construction, in particular to a thick coal seam hydraulic fracturing roof cutting gob-side entry retaining method.
Background
The roof cutting and entry retaining is a technology for retaining an original roadway by treating a top plate above the roadway in advance to enable the top plate to automatically collapse after a working face is mined, and is successfully applied and popularized in thin and medium-thickness coal seams at present, but is less applied in the thick coal seams. The roof cutting entry retaining does not need to retain coal pillars, is favorable for mine ventilation and eliminating gas accumulation, and adopts the main technologies of dense drilling roof cutting and energy-accumulating blasting roof cutting. The dense drilling auxiliary roof cutting requires a large number of drilling holes, and the application in a thick coal seam can cause overlarge engineering quantity and incapability of guaranteeing the roof cutting effect; when the energy-gathered blasting is applied to thick coal seam roof cutting and roadway retaining, the explosive consumption is large, the stability of the roadway is poor, and the dynamic load impact risk is easily generated. Based on the background, the hydraulic fracturing is adopted to replace the traditional top cutting means. Compared with the technology, the hydraulic fracturing has smaller drilling construction amount, the main consumption is industrial water, the economic benefit is good, the energy level during fracturing is smaller, secondary coal and gas outburst and mineral pressure impact risks cannot occur, and the hydraulic fracturing can better adapt to geological and engineering conditions of thick coal seam mining.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a thick coal seam hydraulic fracturing roof-cutting gob-side entry retaining method which can be used for performing hydraulic fracturing on multiple groups of fracturing drill holes simultaneously or alternatively, saves time and cost, improves mining and replacing efficiency, and can replace energy-gathering blasting technology to realize safe, efficient and rapid roof-cutting entry retaining of thick coal seam mining.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a thick coal seam hydraulic fracturing roof cutting gob-side entry retaining method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the top cutting height of the thick coal seam; by the height of the truncated top HcAverage crushing expansion coefficient K of coal-rock massaCoal seam thickness M, extraction rate k and roof subsidence DrBottom plate bulge DfDetermining a fracturing horizon of the top-cutting entry retaining according to a calculation formula;
s2, constructing a fracturing drill hole; determining the construction position of a fracturing drill hole, constructing the fracturing drill hole according to the inclination angle theta and the length L, and dividing the fracturing drill hole into a conventional fracturing section, a directional fracturing section and a non-fracturing section by an overlying rock layer and a basic roof;
s3, cutting the hole wall by high-pressure jet flow; the jet flow nozzle, the rigid pipeline, the fixed support, the flexible pipeline, the high-pressure pump and the water tank are sequentially connected to form a high-pressure jet flow cutting system; the jet flow nozzle is provided with a jet flow cutting device, the jet flow nozzle is pushed to a directional fracturing section, the high-pressure pump is started, and the jet flow cutting device is gradually retreated to form a directional artificial weak surface along the axial direction of a fracturing drill hole;
s4, performing single-hole multiple hydraulic fracturing; connecting a hole packer with the hydraulic fracturing system; pushing the hole packer to a fracturing drilling hole to inject water to form a fracturing section, starting a high-pressure pump to fracture for a plurality of times in the conventional fracturing section and the directional fracturing section respectively, forming irregular hydraulic cracks on the overlying strata, and forming a directional hydraulic crack surface which cracks along the artificial weak surface in the basic roof; gradually fracturing from the deep part to the shallow part of the fracturing drill hole until the hole packer exits to a non-fracturing section, and finishing the multiple fracturing work of the single hole;
s5, sequentially fracturing a plurality of groups of fracturing drill holes; arranging a plurality of groups of fracturing drill holes along the axial direction of the roadway, respectively repeating the steps S3 and S4 in each fracturing drill hole, enabling irregular hydraulic fractures formed by fracturing in the overlying strata to penetrate each other to form a complex fracture network, and enabling directional hydraulic fracture surfaces formed by fracturing in the basic roof to be combined with each other to form a continuous directional fracture surface;
s6, roof cutting and lane keeping and auxiliary measures; after the working face is mined, the continuous directional crack surfaces formed in the steps S3, S4 and S5 enable the long suspended ceiling of the basic roof to be cut off and become a short suspended ceiling and a collapsed ceiling; the formed complex fracture network enables the rock stratum below the fracturing layer to fully collapse to form a compact gangue pile; and a single prop and a waste rock blocking curtain are arranged at the side of a mining area of the roadway, so that roof cutting and roadway retaining of the thick coal seam are realized.
Preferably, the formula for calculating the height of the truncated end in step S1 is: hc=[kM-(Dr+Df)]/(Ka-1), average coefficient of crushing and swelling K of coal-rock massaThe values are 1.2-1.5 according to different mechanical properties of coal rock mass, the extraction rate k is 93-97% according to different coal bed types and equipment conditions, the coal bed thickness M and the roof sinking amount DfBottom plate bulge DfThe values are obtained by field actual measurement.
Preferably, the horizontal distance x between the intersection point of the upper surface and the entry retaining boundary in step S2 is less than or equal to two thirds of the roadway width w, the inclination angle θ is determined by the construction position of the fracture borehole in the roadway, the basic roof level and the horizontal distance x, and the fracture borehole length L is equal to the length of the line length extending from the construction position to the fracture level along the inclination angle θ.
Preferably, in step S2, the intersection of the basic roof-bottom surface and the fracture borehole is a bottom surface intersection, the intersection of the basic roof-top surface and the fracture borehole is a top surface intersection, and both the bottom surface intersection and the top surface intersection are located outside the entry retaining boundary.
Preferably, in step S4, the hydraulic fracturing system includes a rigid pipeline, a fixed support, a flexible pipeline, a high-pressure pump, and a water tank, which are connected to the hole packer in sequence.
Preferably, the multiple groups of fracturing drill holes in step S5 are fractured sequentially, and after the single-hole fracturing is completed, the fracturing drill holes are plugged by plugs at the bottom of the holes, so as to avoid harmful gas leakage in the coal rock layer from hindering normal production.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the hydraulic fracturing technology adopted by the method has small disturbance effect on the roadway, can relieve gas overrun, mainly consumes underground industrial water and does not influence the environment, can perform hydraulic fracturing on a plurality of groups of fractured drill holes simultaneously or alternatively, saves time and cost, improves the mining and replacing efficiency, can replace energy-gathering blasting technology, thereby reducing the drilling construction amount, reducing the labor intensity of workers, improving the underground economic benefit and realizing safe, efficient and quick roof cutting and roadway retaining of thick coal seam mining.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of a construction design of a fracturing horizon and a fracturing borehole provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2a is a schematic view (a section perpendicular to the axial direction of a roadway) of a directional artificial weak plane in a directional fracturing section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2b is a schematic view (along the axial section of the roadway) of a directional artificial weak surface in a directional fracturing section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a single-hole multiple hydraulic fracturing construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a construction of a single-hole multiple hydraulic fracturing to form a directional hydraulic fracture surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of sequential fracturing construction of multiple groups of fracturing boreholes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a roof cutting and entry retaining effect after fracturing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-fracture horizon; 2-fracturing borehole, 2.1-conventional fracturing section, 2.2-directional fracturing section, 2.3-non-fracturing section, 2. a-first fracturing borehole, 2. b-second fracturing borehole, 2. c-third fracturing borehole, 3-construction position; 4.1-substantially the top lower surface, 4.2-substantially the top upper surface; 5-lane keeping boundary; 6.1-lower surface intersection point, 6.2-upper surface intersection point; 7.1-jet nozzle; 7.2-flow cutting device, 7.3-directional artificial weak surface, 8.1-rigid pipeline, 8.2-fixed support and 8.3-flexible pipeline; 9.1-hole packer, 9.2-fracturing segment, 9.3-irregular hydraulic fracture, 9.4-directional hydraulic fracture surface, 9.5-complex fracture network, 9.6-continuous directional fracture surface; 10-plug, 11.1-short suspended ceiling, 11.2-collapse ceiling, 12-waste pile, 13-single prop, 14-waste blocking curtain, 15, water tank, 16 and high-pressure pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The mining thickness of the working face of the thick coal seam of the mine is 5.2m, the average crushing expansion coefficient of the coal rock mass is 1.4, a one-time mining full-height mode is adopted, the mining rate is 95%, the sinking amount of the mining top plate of the working face is 0.2m, the bulging amount of the bottom plate is 0.1m, the width and the height of a roadway are 5.0m and 3.0m, the thickness of a direct roof is 2.3m, and the basic roof thickness is 6.8 m.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a thick coal seam hydraulic fracturing roof cutting gob-side entry retaining method mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining the top cutting height through the calculation formula of the top cutting height The fracturing horizon 1 is 2.5m above the basic top horizon;
s2, determining the construction position 3 of the fracturing drill hole 2 to be a roadway shoulder socket, determining the intersection point of the basic roof lower surface 4.1 and the fracturing drill hole 2 to be a lower surface intersection point 6.1, determining the intersection point of the basic roof upper surface 4.2 and the fracturing drill hole 2 to be an upper surface intersection point 6.2, determining the lower surface intersection point 6.1 and the upper surface intersection point 6.2 to be located outside the entry retaining boundary 5, determining the horizontal distance x between the upper surface intersection point 6.2 and the entry retaining boundary 5 to be 3m (less than 2/3 of the roadway width 5.0 m), and calculating the inclination angle of the fracturing drill hole 2And the length L of the fracturing borehole 2 is (11.6+5.2-3)/sin (75.1 °) × 14.3m, and the lengths of the conventional fracturing section 2.1, the directional fracturing section 2.2 and the non-fracturing section 2.3 of the fracturing borehole 2 are 2.6m, 7.0m and 4.7m respectively; constructing a fracturing borehole 2 with the diameter of 65mm based on the construction position 3, the inclination angle and the length of the fracturing borehole 2, as shown in fig. 1 and 2;
s3, sequentially connecting a jet nozzle 7.1, a rigid pipeline 8.1, a fixed support 8.2, a high-pressure-resistant flexible pipeline 8.3 (the breaking pressure is more than 80 MPa), a high-pressure pump 16 (the rated pressure is more than 70MPa, the flow is 180L/min) and a water tank 15 with the capacity of 4.5 cubic meters to form a high-pressure jet cutting system; the jet flow nozzle 7.1 is provided with a flow cutting device 7.2, the jet flow nozzle 7.1 is pushed to a directional fracturing section 2.2, the high-pressure pump 16 is started and the flow cutting device 7.2 is gradually retreated to form a directional artificial weak surface 7.3 which is along the axial direction of a fracturing drilling hole 2, has the seam width of 0.5mm and the seam depth of 5-10 cm, and is shown in fig. 2a and 2 b;
s4, sequentially connecting a hole packer 9.1 (with the diameter of 60mm) with the diameter of A-30, a rigid pipeline 8.1, a fixed support 8.2, a high-pressure-resistant flexible pipeline 8.3 (with the breaking pressure of more than 80 MPa), a high-pressure pump 16 (with the rated pressure of more than 70MPa and the flow rate of 180L/min) and a water tank 15 with the capacity of 4.5 cubic meters to form a hydraulic fracturing system; pushing a hole packer 9.1 to a fracturing drill hole 2 to inject water to form a fracturing section 9.2, starting a high-pressure pump 16 to perform fracturing 2 times in a conventional fracturing section 2.1 and fracturing 4 times in a directional fracturing section 2.2 respectively, forming a random hydraulic crack 9.3 on an overlying rock layer and forming a directional hydraulic crack surface 9.4 cracked along an artificial weak surface 7.3 in a basic top; gradually fracturing from the bottom of the fracturing drill hole 2 until the hole packer 9.1 exits to a non-fracturing area with the hole depth of 4.7m, and finishing the multi-fracturing operation of the single hole, as shown in fig. 3a and 3 b;
s5, arranging a group of fracturing drill holes 2 every 12m along the axial direction of the roadway, wherein the three groups of fracturing drill holes are a first fracturing drill hole 2.a, a second fracturing drill hole 2.b and a third fracturing drill hole 2. c; repeating the steps S3 and S4 in each group of fracturing drill holes 2 respectively, wherein irregular hydraulic fractures 9.3 formed in overburden fracturing penetrate each other to form a complex fracture network 9.5, and directional hydraulic fracture faces 9.4 formed in basic roof fracturing are combined with each other to form a continuous directional fracture face 9.6, as shown in FIG. 4;
s6, after mining on the working face, caving the top plate above to form a goaf; the continuous directional fracture surface 9.6 formed in the steps S3, S4 and S5 enables the basic roof to become a short suspended roof 11.1 and a caving roof 11.2, and the formed complex fracture network 9.5 enables roof rock layers below the fracturing horizon 1 to fully collapse to form a compact gangue pile 12; and a single prop 13 and a waste rock blocking curtain 14 are arranged at the side of a mining area of the roadway, so that the phenomenon that the production is influenced by the waste rock mixed into the roadway is prevented.
The hydraulic fracturing roof cutting entry retaining method can replace energy-gathering blasting, is higher in construction efficiency and lower in safety risk, is beneficial to improving the mining efficiency of the thick coal seam and reducing the gas overrun, and promotes the further development of the safe and efficient roof cutting entry retaining method of the thick coal seam.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. A thick coal seam hydraulic fracturing roof cutting gob-side entry retaining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating the top cutting height of the thick coal seam; by the height of the truncated top HcAverage crushing expansion coefficient K of coal-rock massaThickness of coal seamM, extraction rate k and roof subsidence DrBottom plate bulge DfDetermining a fracturing horizon (1) of the top-cutting entry retaining according to a calculation formula;
the formula for calculating the top-cutting height is as follows: hc=[kM-(Dr+Df)]/(Ka-1), average coefficient of crushing and swelling K of coal-rock massaThe values are 1.2-1.5 according to different mechanical properties of coal rock mass, the extraction rate k is 93-97% according to different coal bed types and equipment conditions, the coal bed thickness M and the roof sinking amount DfBottom plate bulge DfThe value is obtained by field actual measurement;
s2, constructing a fracturing drill hole (2); determining a construction position (3) of a fracturing drill hole (2), constructing the fracturing drill hole (2) at an inclination angle theta and a length L, and dividing the fracturing drill hole (2) into a conventional fracturing section (2.1), a directional fracturing section (2.2) and a non-fracturing section (2.3) by an overburden and a basic roof;
s3, cutting the hole wall by high-pressure jet flow; the jet flow nozzle (7.1), the rigid pipeline (8.1), the fixed support (8.2), the flexible pipeline (8.3), the high-pressure pump (16) and the water tank (15) are sequentially connected to form a high-pressure jet flow cutting system; a flow cutting device (7.2) is arranged on the jet nozzle (7.1), the jet nozzle (7.1) is pushed to the directional fracturing section (2.2), the high-pressure pump (16) is started, and the jet cutting device (7.2) is gradually retreated to form a directional artificial weak surface (7.3) along the axial direction of the fracturing drill hole (2);
s4, performing single-hole multiple hydraulic fracturing; connecting the hole packer (9.1) with a hydraulic fracturing system; pushing a hole packer (9.1) to a fracturing drill hole (2) to inject water to form a fracturing section (9.2), starting a high-pressure pump (16) to fracture for a plurality of times in the conventional fracturing section (2.1) and the directional fracturing section (2.2), forming a random hydraulic crack (9.3) on an overlying strata layer, and forming a directional hydraulic crack surface (9.4) which cracks along an artificial weak surface (7.3) in a basic top; gradually fracturing from the deep part to the shallow part of the fracturing drill hole (2) until the hole packer (9.1) exits to a non-fracturing section (2.3), and ending the multi-fracturing work of a single hole;
s5, sequentially fracturing a plurality of groups of fracturing drill holes (2); a plurality of groups of fracturing drill holes (2) are axially arranged along the roadway, the steps S3 and S4 are respectively repeated in each fracturing drill hole (2), irregular hydraulic fractures (9.3) formed by fracturing in an overlying strata penetrate each other to form a complex fracture network (9.5), and directional hydraulic fracture surfaces (9.4) formed by fracturing in a basic roof are combined with each other to form a continuous directional fracture surface (9.6);
s6, roof cutting and lane keeping and auxiliary measures; after the working face is mined, the continuous directional crack surface (9.6) formed in the steps S3, S4 and S5 enables the long suspended ceiling of the basic roof to be cut off and become a short suspended ceiling (11.1) and a collapsed ceiling (11.2); the formed complex fracture network (9.5) enables rock strata below the fracturing layer (1) to fully collapse to form a compact gangue pile (12); and a single prop (13) and a waste rock blocking curtain (14) are arranged at the side of a mining area of the roadway, so that roof cutting and roadway retaining of the thick coal seam are realized.
2. The method for hydraulic fracturing roof cutting gob-side entry retaining of the thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the intersection point of the basic roof lower surface (4.1) and the fracturing bore hole (2) is a lower surface intersection point (6.1), the intersection point of the basic roof upper surface (4.2) and the fracturing bore hole (2) is an upper surface intersection point (6.2), and both the lower surface intersection point (6.1) and the upper surface intersection point (6.2) are located outside the entry retaining boundary (5).
3. The method for hydraulic fracturing roof cutting gob-side entry retaining of the thick coal seam according to claim 2, wherein the horizontal distance x between the upper surface intersection point (6.2) and the entry retaining boundary (5) in step S2 is less than or equal to two thirds of the roadway width w, the inclination angle θ is determined by the construction position (3) of the fracturing borehole (2) in the roadway, the basic roof level and the horizontal distance x, and the length L of the fracturing borehole (2) is equal to the length of the line extending from the construction position (3) to the fracturing level (1) along the inclination angle θ.
4. The thick coal seam hydraulic fracturing roof cutting gob-side entry retaining method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the hydraulic fracturing system comprises a rigid pipeline (8.1), a fixed support (8.2), a flexible pipeline (8.3), a high-pressure pump (16) and a water tank (15) which are sequentially connected with a hole packer (9.1).
5. The method for hydraulic fracturing and roof cutting gob-side entry retaining of thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sets of fracturing boreholes (2) in step S5 are fractured sequentially, and after the completion of single-hole fracturing, the fracturing boreholes (2) are plugged by plugs (10) at the bottom of the holes to avoid harmful gas leakage in the coal seam from hindering normal production.
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CN113216971A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-08-06 | 山东科技大学 | Coal mine underground roof cutting device and roof cutting construction method |
CN113338925B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-07-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Anti-dynamic-load pressure rack method for fracturing coal pillar source in multi-coal-seam mining roadway |
CN113446004A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-09-28 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Perforation arrangement method for simultaneously pre-splitting lateral roof and trend roof of coal mine roadway |
CN113982582B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2024-05-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for treating triangular area overhead of end head by hydraulic fracturing of underground coal face of coal mine |
CN114198101A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Mobile water jet cutting continuous top cutting method for mine |
CN114961724A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-30 | 四川嘉阳集团有限责任公司 | Small-aperture flexible pipeline integral pushing hydraulic fracturing construction method |
CN115045661B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-09-22 | 四川省煤田地质工程勘察设计研究院 | Method for improving caving performance of top coal by hydraulic fracturing through cross drilling of top coal caving |
CN115898261B (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-08-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Gob-side entry retaining low-level roof cutting and high-level directional fracturing stress transfer method and equipment |
CN116717254B (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2024-03-08 | 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 | Caving coal mining method |
CN117684980A (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-03-12 | 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 | Balanced mining method for overlying strata of coal mine |
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CN106368701B (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-04-23 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | The method and device in lane is stayed using hydraulic fracturing release control stope drift active workings |
CN107355223A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-17 | 华北科技学院 | A kind of stope drift active workings gob-side entry retaining method suitable for easy inbreak top plate |
CN111636870B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-10-08 | 王炯 | Roof-cutting roadway-retaining coal-pillar-free mining method |
CN111608630B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-02-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Hydraulic fracturing underground construction method for high-level roof of coal seam group |
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