CN112898001A - 一种负离子抗菌白瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种负离子抗菌白瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112898001A
CN112898001A CN202110150490.3A CN202110150490A CN112898001A CN 112898001 A CN112898001 A CN 112898001A CN 202110150490 A CN202110150490 A CN 202110150490A CN 112898001 A CN112898001 A CN 112898001A
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white porcelain
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颜晋培
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Fujian Dehua Zhuoyue Ceramics Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种负离子抗菌白瓷及其制备方法，所述负离子抗菌白瓷包括以下重量份的组分：钾长石15‑20份，负离子粉5‑8份，纳米银抗菌剂5‑8份，碳酸钡2‑5份，氧化钠5‑8份，三氧化二铝6‑8份，氧化锆4‑6份，高岭土12‑15份，聚丙烯酰胺溶液1‑2份和纳米二氧化钛溶胶22‑24份。本发明的负离子抗菌白瓷的制备方法简单、效率高，制得的陶瓷耐磨性高，且可释放负离子，净化空气，抗菌效果好。

Description

一种负离子抗菌白瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷技术领域，具体的说是一种负离子抗菌白瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提升，对于日用陶瓷的功能化需求也日益增长。如何赋予日用陶瓷产品更多的功能，成为了重点的研究方向。负离子陶瓷作为一种可净化室内空气的产品颇受消费者欢迎。然而，现有的负离子陶瓷一般是将少量的可产生负离子的物质添加在釉料或喷墨墨水中，以使得陶瓷具有释放负离子的效应。然而，当在面釉中添加负离子材料时，由于面釉不耐磨，导致面釉中的有效物质很快会被磨损掉，从而丧失相应的功能；当在喷墨墨水中添加负离子材料时，容易影响墨水的发色效果。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种负离子抗菌白瓷及其制备方法，制备方法简单、效率高，制得的陶瓷耐磨性高，且可释放负离子，净化空气，抗菌效果好。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的具体方案为：
一种负离子抗菌白瓷，包括以下重量份的组分：
钾长石15-20份，负离子粉5-8份，纳米银抗菌剂5-8份，碳酸钡2-5份，氧化钠5-8份，三氧化二铝6-8份，氧化锆4-6份，高岭土12-15份，聚丙烯酰胺溶液1-2份和纳米二氧化钛溶胶22-24份。
优选地，所述聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量分数为15-20％。
本发明还提供一种负离子抗菌白瓷的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、取重量份的负离子粉和纳米银抗菌剂加入到聚丙烯酰胺溶液中，100-200转/分钟搅拌混合50-60min，得到第一混料备用；
S2、将重量份的钾长石、碳酸钡、氧化钠、三氧化二铝、氧化锆和高岭土共混，搅拌混匀，得到第二混料；
S3、向步骤S2所得第二混料中加入到步骤S1所得第一混料中制浆，并送入真空练泥机中练泥7-8次，取出陈腐放置24-48h，得到陶瓷浆料；
S4、将步骤S3所得陶瓷浆料制成具有容腔的粗坯，将重量份的纳米二氧化钛溶胶均匀涂覆于粗坯的外侧表面，粗坯的内侧表面不涂覆，烧制，即得所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
优选地，步骤S4中，纳米二氧化钛溶胶的制备方法为：将无水乙醇、冰醋酸和硅烷偶联剂混合，调节PH为5-7，加入钛酸正四丁酯并混合反应，静置陈化30-60min，即得纳米二氧化钛溶胶。
优选地，所述无水乙醇、冰醋酸、硅烷偶联剂和钛酸正四丁酯的重量份为40:2:1:1。
优选地，步骤S4中，烧制的具体步骤为：
S41：初烧：将涂覆有纳米二氧化钛溶胶的粗坯置于窑中，以5℃/min的速度升高温度至200-250℃，保温50-60min，得初烧坯体；
S42：二次烧制：将初烧坯体以50℃/min的速度升高温度至650-700℃，保温20-30min，得二烧坯体；
S43：三次烧制：将二烧坯体以5℃/min的速度升高温度至1250-1350℃，保温50-60min，得三烧坯体；
S44：冷却：将三烧坯体以20℃/min的速度降低温度至260-300℃，保温40-50min，再自然降至室温，得到所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
本发明将负离子粉和纳米银抗菌剂加入有质量分数为15-20％的聚丙烯酰胺溶液，低浓度聚丙烯酰胺溶液为网状结构，能够将负离子粉和纳米银抗菌剂进行交联，从而利用网状节点通过链间的机械缠结将负离子粉和纳米银抗菌剂进行紧密结合，负离子粉能够有效地释放负离子，负离子粉和纳米银抗菌剂相结合增强了抗菌、杀菌效果，同时网状结构的低浓度聚丙烯酰胺溶液又能够与第二混料进行交联，增加与第二混料的相容性，交联形成网状结构，能够有效地增加第二混料之间的接触面积，以形成更加致密的网状结构，从而提高陶瓷浆料的致密性、负离子粉和纳米银抗菌剂的分散性，以增加陶瓷成品(餐具、茶具等容器)的强度、硬度、负离子散发程度和抗菌能力。
本发明中的粗坯外侧表面涂覆有二氧化钛溶胶，通过溶胶颗粒形成连接网，同时增加粗坯表面的界面结合力，以提高粗坯的强度和韧度，再将涂覆有纳米二氧化钛溶胶的粗坯置于窑中内，先缓慢升温后进行烧制，使坯体内的水分缓慢挥发，避免坯体产生气泡，使坯体表面和内部更加致密均匀，避免产生裂纹；再快速升高温度进行二次烧制，使坯体原料和外侧表面原料紧密结合；再缓慢升温进行三次烧制，保温使坯体充分玻化；再进行降温，避免过高和过低温度使坯体发生裂痕；粗坯内侧表面为主要工作表面，不涂覆二氧化钛溶胶，不影响负离子粉和纳米银抗菌剂发挥作用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围，本发明所用试剂和组分均可从市售所得，负离子粉为电气石粉或电气石粉与稀土元素的组合，具体如灵寿县鹏显矿产品加工厂所售的SF13负离子粉，纳米银抗菌剂具体如广东赞誉防霉科技有限公司所售的纳米银抗菌粉体，其余组分在这里不再一一列举。
实施例1：
一种负离子抗菌白瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
S1、取重量份的负离子粉5份和纳米银抗菌剂5份加入到质量分数为15％的聚丙烯酰胺溶液1份中，100转/分钟搅拌混合50min，得到第一混料备用；
S2、将重量份的钾长石15份、碳酸钡2份、氧化钠5份、三氧化二铝6份、氧化锆4份和高岭土12份共混，搅拌混匀，得到第二混料；
S3、向步骤S2所得第二混料中加入到步骤S1所得第一混料中制浆，并送入真空练泥机中练泥7-8次，取出陈腐放置24h，得到陶瓷浆料；
S4、将步骤S3所得陶瓷浆料制成具有容腔的粗坯，将重量份的纳米二氧化钛溶胶22份均匀涂覆于粗坯的外侧表面，粗坯的内侧表面不涂覆，烧制，即得所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
其中，步骤S4中纳米二氧化钛溶胶的制备方法为：将无水乙醇、冰醋酸和硅烷偶联剂混合，调节PH为5-7，加入钛酸正四丁酯并混合反应，静置陈化30min，即得纳米二氧化钛溶胶。其中，无水乙醇、冰醋酸、硅烷偶联剂和钛酸正四丁酯的重量份为40:2:1:1。
其中，步骤S4中烧制的具体步骤为：
S41：初烧：将涂覆有纳米二氧化钛溶胶的粗坯置于窑中，以5℃/min的速度升高温度至200℃，保温50min，得初烧坯体；
S42：二次烧制：将初烧坯体以50℃/min的速度升高温度至650-700℃，保温20-30min，得二烧坯体；
S43：三次烧制：将二烧坯体以5℃/min的速度升高温度至1250℃，保温50min，得三烧坯体；
S44：冷却：将三烧坯体以20℃/min的速度降低温度至260℃，保温40min，再自然降至室温，得到所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
实施例2：
一种负离子抗菌白瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
S1、取重量份的负离子粉8份和纳米银抗菌剂8份加入到质量分数为20％的聚丙烯酰胺溶液2份中，200转/分钟搅拌混合60min，得到第一混料备用；
S2、将重量份的钾长石20份、碳酸钡5份、氧化钠8份、三氧化二铝8份、氧化锆6份和高岭土15份共混，搅拌混匀，得到第二混料；
S3、向步骤S2所得第二混料中加入到步骤S1所得第一混料中制浆，并送入真空练泥机中练泥7-8次，取出陈腐放置48h，得到陶瓷浆料；
S4、将步骤S3所得陶瓷浆料制成具有容腔的粗坯，将重量份的纳米二氧化钛溶胶24份均匀涂覆于粗坯的外侧表面，粗坯的内侧表面不涂覆，烧制，即得所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
其中，步骤S4中纳米二氧化钛溶胶的制备方法为：将无水乙醇、冰醋酸和硅烷偶联剂混合，调节PH为5-7，加入钛酸正四丁酯并混合反应，静置陈化60min，即得纳米二氧化钛溶胶，其中，无水乙醇、冰醋酸、硅烷偶联剂和钛酸正四丁酯的重量份为40:2:1:1。
其中，步骤S4中烧制的具体步骤为：
S41：初烧：将涂覆有纳米二氧化钛溶胶的粗坯置于窑中，以5℃/min的速度升高温度至250℃，保温60min，得初烧坯体；
S42：二次烧制：将初烧坯体以50℃/min的速度升高温度至700℃，保温30min，得二烧坯体；
S43：三次烧制：将二烧坯体以5℃/min的速度升高温度至1350℃，保温60min，得三烧坯体；
S44：冷却：将三烧坯体以20℃/min的速度降低温度至300℃，保温50min，再自然降至室温，得到所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
实施例3：
一种负离子抗菌白瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
S1、取重量份的负离子粉6份和纳米银抗菌剂6份加入到质量分数为18％的聚丙烯酰胺溶液1.5份中，150转/分钟搅拌混合55min，得到第一混料备用；
S2、将重量份的钾长石18份、碳酸钡4份、氧化钠6份、三氧化二铝7份、氧化锆5份和高岭土13份共混，搅拌混匀，得到第二混料；
S3、向步骤S2所得第二混料中加入到步骤S1所得第一混料中制浆，并送入真空练泥机中练泥7-8次，取出陈腐放置36h，得到陶瓷浆料；
S4、将步骤S3所得陶瓷浆料制成具有容腔的粗坯，将重量份的纳米二氧化钛溶胶23份均匀涂覆于粗坯的外侧表面，粗坯的内侧表面不涂覆，烧制，即得所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
其中，步骤S4中纳米二氧化钛溶胶的制备方法为：将无水乙醇、冰醋酸和硅烷偶联剂混合，调节PH为5-7，加入钛酸正四丁酯并混合反应，静置陈化40min，即得纳米二氧化钛溶胶。其中，无水乙醇、冰醋酸、硅烷偶联剂和钛酸正四丁酯的重量份为40:2:1:1。
其中，步骤S4中烧制的具体步骤为：
S41：初烧：将涂覆有纳米二氧化钛溶胶的粗坯置于窑中，以5℃/min的速度升高温度至220℃，保温55min，得初烧坯体；
S42：二次烧制：将初烧坯体以50℃/min的速度升高温度至680℃，保温25min，得二烧坯体；
S43：三次烧制：将二烧坯体以5℃/min的速度升高温度至1300℃，保温55min，得三烧坯体；
S44：冷却：将三烧坯体以20℃/min的速度降低温度至280℃，保温45min，再自然降至室温，得到所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
对比例1：
对比例1与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：制作方法中，不加纳米二氧化钛溶胶、负离子粉和聚丙烯酰胺溶液，并采用直接烧制的工艺方式，即：
一种抗菌白瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
S1、将重量份的钾长石15份、纳米银抗菌剂5份、碳酸钡2份、氧化钠5份、三氧化二铝6份、氧化锆4份和高岭土12份共混，搅拌混匀，加水制浆，并送入真空练泥机中练泥7-8次，取出陈腐放置24h，得到陶瓷浆料；
S2、将步骤S1所得陶瓷浆料制成具有容腔的粗坯，以5℃/min的速度升高温度至1250℃烧制，再以20℃/min的速度降低温度至260℃，保温40min，再自然降至室温，即得所述抗菌白瓷。
下面对本发明实施例1-3得到的负离子抗菌白瓷及对比例1得到的抗菌白瓷进行性能测试，测试结果如表1所示。
采用市售负离子检测仪AES-60检测陶瓷产品于10平方米室内的负离子释放数，采用GB/T 4742-1984中的方法测试其断裂模数，采用GB/T 3300-1991中的方法测试其表面耐磨性能。
表1
Figure BDA0002931824450000061
从表1中可以看出，实施例1-3与对比例1相比，本发明的一种负离子抗菌白瓷具有良好的耐磨性，且可释放较高负离子，净化空气，抗菌效果好。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种负离子抗菌白瓷，其特征在于：包括以下重量份的组分：
钾长石15-20份，负离子粉5-8份，纳米银抗菌剂5-8份，碳酸钡2-5份，氧化钠5-8份，三氧化二铝6-8份，氧化锆4-6份，高岭土12-15份，聚丙烯酰胺溶液1-2份和纳米二氧化钛溶胶22-24份。
2.如权利要求1所述的负离子抗菌白瓷，其特征在于：所述聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量分数为15-20%。
3.如权利要求1所述的负离子抗菌白瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
S1、取重量份的负离子粉和纳米银抗菌剂加入到聚丙烯酰胺溶液中，100-200转/分钟搅拌混合50-60min，得到第一混料备用；
S2、将重量份的钾长石、碳酸钡、氧化钠、三氧化二铝、氧化锆和高岭土共混，搅拌混匀，得到第二混料；
S3、向步骤S2所得第二混料中加入到步骤S1所得第一混料中制浆，并送入真空练泥机中练泥7-8次，取出陈腐放置24-48h，得到陶瓷浆料；
S4、将步骤S3所得陶瓷浆料制成具有容腔的粗坯，将重量份的纳米二氧化钛溶胶均匀涂覆于粗坯的外侧表面，粗坯的内侧表面不涂覆，烧制，即得所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S4中，纳米二氧化钛溶胶的制备方法为：将无水乙醇、冰醋酸和硅烷偶联剂混合，调节PH为5-7，加入钛酸正四丁酯并混合反应，静置陈化30-60min，即得纳米二氧化钛溶胶。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述无水乙醇、冰醋酸、硅烷偶联剂和钛酸正四丁酯的重量份为40:2:1:1。
6.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S4中，烧制的具体步骤为：
S41：初烧：将涂覆有纳米二氧化钛溶胶的粗坯置于窑中，以5℃/min的速度升高温度至200-250℃，保温50-60min，得初烧坯体；
S42：二次烧制：将初烧坯体以50℃/min的速度升高温度至650-700℃，保温20-30min，得二烧坯体；
S43：三次烧制：将二烧坯体以5℃/min的速度升高温度至1250-1350℃，保温50-60min，得三烧坯体；
S44：冷却：将三烧坯体以20℃/min的速度降低温度至260-300℃，保温40-50min，再自然降至室温，得到所述负离子抗菌白瓷。
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