CN112893489A - Rolling process for eliminating rolling-state mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel - Google Patents
Rolling process for eliminating rolling-state mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112893489A CN112893489A CN202110071506.1A CN202110071506A CN112893489A CN 112893489 A CN112893489 A CN 112893489A CN 202110071506 A CN202110071506 A CN 202110071506A CN 112893489 A CN112893489 A CN 112893489A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B43/00—Cooling beds, whether stationary or moving; Means specially associated with cooling beds, e.g. for braking work or for transferring it to or from the bed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
- B21B45/08—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing hydraulically
Abstract
The invention provides a rolling process for eliminating rolled mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel; the method comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a 20MnCr5 steel blank; step 2, heating the steel billet; step 3, rough rolling of steel billets; step 4, rolling the steel billet; step 5, finishing rolling the steel billet; and 6, cooling the steel to finally obtain a 20MnCr5 steel finished product. The method is characterized in that after the temperature of 20MnCr5 steel at which dynamic recrystallization starts to occur is accurately determined, the proper initial rolling temperature is determined, rolling is started at the temperature range higher than 1050 ℃, so that the distortion energy in the steel is accumulated, the recrystallization tendency is increased, and finally the phenomena of grain refinement and mixed crystal elimination are achieved. The uniformity, the grain size, the hardness and the mechanical property of the rolled structure of the 20MnCr5 steel obtained by the invention are greatly improved, and the production efficiency is not reduced due to process change.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel; in particular to a rolling process for eliminating rolling mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel.
Background
The gear is an important transmission part on an automobile, the quality of the gear directly influences the safety, power and noise of a gearbox of the automobile, and the gearbox gear is required to have high precision, low noise, good strength, toughness, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, contact resistance and other properties so as to bear reciprocating impact and stress because the gearbox gear is required to bear reciprocating bending stress, impact, alternating load and the like, and the quality of the gear mainly depends on self materials and a heat treatment process. The 20MnCr5 gear steel introduced from Germany has the characteristics of high cleanliness, good surface hardness and wear resistance, fatigue resistance, hardenability, small quenching deformation and the like, and the requirements on steel type components and hardenability band indexes are strict. In addition, the cheaper alloy element Mn in the steel is beneficial to reducing the cost of the steel, and has obvious economic benefit. The steel is mainly used for flag-off systems of the masses and has wide prospect. In the actual steel rolling production, the 20MnCr5 steel is easy to have mixed crystal structure, the defects are formed inside the bar, the strength of the bar is reduced due to the serious mixed crystal defects, the plasticity and the toughness are deteriorated, the heat treatment deformation is large, the toughness and the fatigue life of the gear are finally influenced, and the quality and the assembly of the gear are seriously influenced.
The production method in the prior art mainly comprises the following two steps: firstly, heating a steel billet, raising the temperature to 1180 ℃ at the speed of 600 ℃/h, diffusing at high temperature for 1h, then lowering the temperature to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 150 ℃/h, carrying out temperature equalization for 1h, ensuring the temperature of the center and the surface of the steel billet to be consistent, and discharging; and secondly, rolling the steel billet, wherein the steel billet is rolled by adopting a two-roller rolling mill after being discharged, the rolling process does not adopt temperature control rolling, and the steel billet is cooled by adopting an overhead cooling bed after being rolled. In the prior art, a controlled rolling process is not adopted in the production process, and the 20MnCr5 steel has mixed crystal tissues and inconsistent rolling grain size and hardness due to improper setting of steel type characteristics and rolling temperature. In order to meet the requirements of users, normalizing must be added in the later stage to prepare 20MnCr5 steel in the prior art, so that the problems of mixed crystal texture and hardness are solved, the procedures are complicated and long-time consuming, redundant energy consumption is increased, and the productivity and benefit are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rolling process for eliminating a rolled mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a rolling process for eliminating rolled mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting 20MnCr5 steel blanks: selecting a continuous casting square billet with the cross section of 250 multiplied by 280mm as a 20MnCr5 steel rolling billet;
step 2, heating the steel billet: heating the 20MnCr5 steel rolled blank, cooling, keeping the temperature constant, completely and uniformly burning the 20MnCr5 steel rolled blank, and discharging;
step 3, rough rolling of steel billets: removing scales and iron scales from the 20MnCr5 steel rolled blank discharged from the furnace by high-pressure water, and then manufacturing the rolled blank into a phi 135mm process circle by a rough rolling process;
step 4, rolling the steel billet: after the phi 135mm process circle passes through a head-off heat-preservation roller way, two rollers are continuously rolled for middle rolling;
step 5, billet finish rolling: after the medium rolling, the temperature before the final rolling is improved by controlling the cooling water quantity of the rolling mill, so as to ensure that the final rolling temperature is controlled at 900-980 ℃ for rolling to obtain steel, and the total deformation of the final rolling is controlled to be more than 35 percent;
step 6, cooling steel: and cooling the finally rolled steel, wherein the initial cooling temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃, and rapidly cooling the steel in a cooling bed to finally obtain a 20MnCr5 steel finished product.
Preferably, in step 2, the temperature rise specifically is: heating the 20MnCr5 steel rolling blank to 1180-1220 ℃ at the speed of 600 ℃/h; the temperature rise time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, in step 2, the cooling specifically comprises: and cooling the 20MnCr5 steel rolling blank to 1180-1200 ℃ at the speed of 120 ℃/h.
Preferably, in step 2, the constant temperature time is 1 h.
Preferably, in step 3, the rolling surface temperature in the rough rolling process is controlled to be 1040-1050 ℃, and the total deformation amount of the rough rolling is controlled to be more than 79%.
Preferably, in the step 4, the control temperature in the intermediate rolling is 900-.
Preferably, the structure morphology of the finished 20MnCr5 steel product is pearlite and ferrite, and the Brinell hardness is 240-252 HB.
Preferably, the grain size of the edge of the 20MnCr5 steel finished product is improved by more than 2.5 grades, and the grain size of the center is improved by more than 2 grades.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method is characterized in that after the temperature of 20MnCr5 steel at which dynamic recrystallization starts to occur is accurately determined, the proper initial rolling temperature is determined, rolling is started at the temperature range higher than 1050 ℃, so that the distortion energy in the steel is accumulated, the recrystallization tendency is increased, and finally the phenomena of grain refinement and mixed crystal elimination are achieved.
(2) After the medium rolling, the temperature of the bar is cooled to about 300 ℃ by adopting a cooling bed and then the bar enters a heat preservation pit for slow cooling, so that a large amount of ferrite is inhibited from being separated out, and the occurrence of serious banded structures is avoided.
(3) Compared with the conventional rolling and cooling control process, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the uniformity, the grain size, the hardness and the mechanical property of the rolled structure of the 20MnCr5 steel are greatly improved, and the production efficiency is not reduced due to process change.
(4) The method reduces the cost burden caused by the annealing procedure and the material loss in the processing process of a user from the production cost perspective, so the total cost is greatly reduced.
(5) The steel manufactured by the method does not need post-treatment, improves the efficiency and reduces the cost, and particularly has definite guiding significance for controlling the structure and the performance of 20MnCr5 and other steels.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a central structure form diagram of 20MnCr5 steel prepared by a rolling process for eliminating rolled mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel according to example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a center structure morphology of 20MnCr5 steel prepared by the process of comparative example 1 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a rolling process for eliminating rolled mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) blank selection of 20MnCr5 steel: selecting a continuous casting square billet with the cross section of 250 multiplied by 280mm as a rolling billet of 20MnCr5 steel;
(2) heating a steel billet: heating the 20MnCr5 steel blank to 1180-1220 ℃ at the speed of 600 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 h; then cooling to 1180-1200 ℃ at the speed of 120 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature uniform for 1.0h to ensure that the 20MnCr5 steel blank is completely and uniformly fired and then discharged;
(3) rough rolling of a steel billet: removing scales and iron scales from the 20MnCr5 steel blank discharged from the furnace by high-pressure water, and then carrying out 7-frame rough rolling to roll the steel blank into a process circle with the diameter of 135 mm;
(4) steel billet medium rolling: the phi 135mm process circle is subjected to intermediate rolling after passing through a head-off heat-preservation roller way, and the intermediate rolling adopts two-roller continuous rolling;
(5) and (3) billet finish rolling: in the later stage of the intermediate rolling, the temperature before the final rolling is increased by controlling the cooling water quantity of the rolling mill so as to ensure that the final rolling temperature is controlled at 900-;
(6) cooling steel materials: and (3) cooling the steel at the initial cooling temperature of not less than 850 ℃ after finish rolling, and then rapidly cooling the steel in a cooling bed to finally obtain a 20MnCr5 steel finished product.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment relates to a rolling process for eliminating rolled mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) blank selection of 20MnCr5 steel: selecting a continuous casting square billet with the cross section of 250 multiplied by 280mm as a rolling billet of 20MnCr5 steel;
(2) heating a steel billet: heating the 20MnCr5 steel blank to 1160-1180 ℃ at the speed of 600 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h; then cooling to 1140-1150 ℃ at the speed of 120 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature uniform for 1.0h to ensure that the 20MnCr5 steel blank is completely and uniformly fired and then discharged;
(3) rough rolling of a steel billet: removing scales and iron scales from the 20MnCr5 steel blank discharged from the furnace by high-pressure water, and then carrying out 7-frame rough rolling to roll the steel blank into a process circle with the diameter of 135 mm;
(4) steel billet medium rolling: the phi 135mm process circle is subjected to intermediate rolling after passing through a head-off heat-preservation roller way, and the intermediate rolling adopts two-roller continuous rolling;
(5) and (3) billet finish rolling: in the later stage of the intermediate rolling, the temperature before the final rolling is reduced by water passing through a water tank so as to ensure that the final rolling temperature is controlled at 820-840 ℃ for rolling to obtain steel, and the total deformation of the final rolling is controlled to be more than 35%;
(6) cooling steel materials: and after finish rolling, controlling the cooling initial temperature of the steel to be less than or equal to 760 ℃ by using a water tank, and then naturally cooling the steel in a cooling bed to finally obtain a 20MnCr5 steel finished product.
The 20MnCr5 steel products prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 were tested for quality and performance, and the test items include the main texture, grain size grade, and brinell hardness, and the specific results are shown in table 1 (texture, grain size grade comparison) and fig. 1 and 2.
TABLE 1
The data from table 1 above show that: the grain size of the product prepared by the process is larger than that of the product prepared by the prior art; the product prepared by the process has far superior Brinell hardness to the product prepared by the prior art. The uniformity, the grain size, the hardness and the mechanical property of the rolled structure of the 20MnCr5 steel obtained by the invention are greatly improved, and the production efficiency is not reduced due to process change.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method is characterized in that after the temperature of 20MnCr5 steel at which dynamic recrystallization starts to occur is accurately determined, the proper initial rolling temperature is determined, rolling is started at the temperature range higher than 1050 ℃, so that the distortion energy in the steel is accumulated, the recrystallization tendency is increased, and finally the phenomena of grain refinement and mixed crystal elimination are achieved.
(2) After the medium rolling, the temperature of the bar is cooled to about 300 ℃ by adopting a cooling bed and then the bar enters a heat preservation pit for slow cooling, so that a large amount of ferrite is inhibited from being separated out, and the occurrence of serious banded structures is avoided.
(3) Compared with the conventional rolling and cooling control process, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the uniformity, the grain size, the hardness and the mechanical property of the rolled structure of the 20MnCr5 steel are greatly improved, and the production efficiency is not reduced due to process change.
(4) The method reduces the cost burden caused by the annealing procedure and the material loss in the processing process of a user from the production cost perspective, so the total cost is greatly reduced.
(5) The steel manufactured by the method does not need post-treatment, improves the efficiency and reduces the cost, and particularly has definite guiding significance for controlling the structure and the performance of 20MnCr5 and other steels.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rolling process for eliminating rolled mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting 20MnCr5 steel blanks: selecting a continuous casting square billet with the cross section of 250 multiplied by 280mm as a 20MnCr5 steel rolling billet;
step 2, heating the steel billet: heating the 20MnCr5 steel rolled blank, cooling, keeping the temperature constant, completely and uniformly burning the 20MnCr5 steel rolled blank, and discharging;
step 3, rough rolling of steel billets: removing scales and iron scales from the 20MnCr5 steel rolled blank discharged from the furnace by high-pressure water, and then manufacturing the rolled blank into a phi 135mm process circle by a rough rolling process;
step 4, rolling the steel billet: after the phi 135mm process circle passes through a head-off heat-preservation roller way, two rollers are continuously rolled for middle rolling;
step 5, billet finish rolling: after the medium rolling, the temperature before the final rolling is improved by controlling the cooling water quantity of the rolling mill, so as to ensure that the final rolling temperature is controlled at 900-980 ℃ for rolling to obtain steel, and the total deformation of the final rolling is controlled to be more than 35 percent;
step 6, cooling steel: and cooling the finally rolled steel, wherein the initial cooling temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃, and rapidly cooling the steel in a cooling bed to finally obtain a 20MnCr5 steel finished product.
2. The rolling process for eliminating the rolled mixed crystal structure of the 20MnCr5 steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the temperature rise is specifically as follows: heating the 20MnCr5 steel rolling blank to 1180-1220 ℃ at the speed of 600 ℃/h; the temperature rise time is 1-2 h.
3. The rolling process for eliminating the rolled mixed crystal structure of the 20MnCr5 steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the temperature reduction is specifically as follows: and cooling the 20MnCr5 steel rolling blank to 1180-1200 ℃ at the speed of 120 ℃/h.
4. The rolling process for eliminating the rolled mixed crystal structure of the 20MnCr5 steel according to claim 1, wherein the constant temperature time in step 2 is 1 h.
5. The rolling process for eliminating rolled mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the rolling surface temperature is controlled to be 1040-1050 ℃ in the rough rolling process, and the total deformation of the rough rolling is controlled to be > 79%.
6. The rolling process for eliminating the rolled mixed crystal structure of the 20MnCr5 steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 900-960 ℃ in the step 4.
7. The rolling process for eliminating the rolled mixed crystal structure of the 20MnCr5 steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structure morphology of the finished 20MnCr5 steel product is pearlite and ferrite, and the Brinell hardness is 240-252 HB.
8. The rolling process for eliminating the rolling mixed crystal structure of the 20MnCr5 steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain size of the 20MnCr5 steel product is improved by more than 2.5 grade at the edge and more than 2 grade at the center.
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Cited By (1)
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CN115491592A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-20 | 石钢京诚装备技术有限公司 | 20MnCr5 gear steel and rolling method thereof |
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