CN111570513A - Fine-grain gear steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fine-grain gear steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111570513A CN111570513A CN202010449887.8A CN202010449887A CN111570513A CN 111570513 A CN111570513 A CN 111570513A CN 202010449887 A CN202010449887 A CN 202010449887A CN 111570513 A CN111570513 A CN 111570513A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
- B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
Abstract
The invention provides fine-grain pinion steel and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy manufacturing, wherein in the preparation process, the temperature of a heating furnace is controlled to ensure that a Nb precipitated phase is completely dissolved, so that the formation of a coarse precipitated phase is avoided, and the growth of crystal grains is controlled in the carburization process of the pinion steel; the temperature in the whole rolling process is also controlled, so that the austenite grains are kept fine; after rough rolling and medium rolling, rolling the steel billet by adopting a high-reduction asynchronous pack rolling mode, so that a precipitated phase becomes more uniform and finer, and ensuring that mass points have enough time to be completely precipitated by controlling the slow cooling rate after rolling, thereby effectively nailing and rolling a crystal boundary and refining grains; in the rolling process, the pressing amount is kept constant every time, and the uniform deformation of the steel billet can be ensured. The gear steel prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of fine and uniform crystal grains, better performance and wide application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy manufacturing, and particularly relates to fine-grain gear steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Gear steel is one of key materials with higher requirements in special alloy steel used in automobiles, railways, ships and engineering machinery, is a manufacturing material of a core component for ensuring safety, and in recent years, the gear steel is developing towards the directions of high performance, long service life, high efficiency, easy processing, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like. At present, the carburizing temperature of the domestic common gear steel is about 930 ℃, the carburizing time can be shortened and the production efficiency can be improved by increasing the carburizing temperature, but the increase of the carburizing temperature can also cause the gear steel to have larger austenite grains after heat treatment, the fatigue property of the gear steel can be reduced, and the service life is influenced. In the existing manufacturing process, a mode of adding Nb for microalloying is usually adopted to increase the carburizing temperature, when the Nb content of a steel grade is determined, the volume fraction of a precipitated phase at a certain temperature is also determined, and the larger the volume fraction of the precipitated phase is, the smaller the size of the precipitated phase is, the more beneficial to nail rolling a grain boundary is, thereby refining grains. In the prior art, the grain is refined only by controlling the Nb content, and the influence of the rolling process on the size of precipitated phases is not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the fine-grain pinion steel and the preparation method thereof, the heating temperature and the rolling temperature of the steel billet are controlled to ensure that the precipitated phase is completely dissolved, and in the finish rolling process of the steel billet, a large-reduction asynchronous overlapping rolling method is adopted to ensure that the precipitated phase becomes more uniform and fine, so that the pinion steel grains can be effectively refined.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A preparation method of fine-grain gear steel comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: sending the pinion steel billet into a heating furnace for sectional heating and heat preservation;
the second step is that: removing phosphorus from the heated steel billet by high-pressure water, and then sequentially carrying out rough rolling and intermediate rolling;
the third step: carrying out large reduction asynchronous pack rolling on the rolled steel billet: aligning and stacking the two billets, riveting tightly by using rivets, rolling for 1 pass, cutting the rolled and compounded billet into two billets with the same size along the vertical rolling direction, stacking again, and repeating the process for three times;
the fourth step: and (3) sending the steel billet subjected to large-reduction asynchronous pack rolling into a cooling bed for slow cooling.
Further, the sectional heating temperatures are respectively as follows: the preheating section is less than or equal to 800 ℃, and the heating section: 1000-1210 ℃, soaking section: 1190 to 1240 ℃; the heating time is 3.5-4 hours.
Further, the incubation time was 3 hours.
Further, the temperature range of the whole rolling process in the second step and the third step is as follows: 980-1100 ℃.
Further, in the large-reduction asynchronous pack rolling process, the different speed ratio of an upper roller and a lower roller of the rolling mill is 1.0-1.4, and the reduction is 30-50%.
Further, in the slow cooling process, the inlet temperature of the cooling bed is more than or equal to 500 ℃, and the cooling rate is less than or equal to 8 ℃/min.
Further, the gear steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.18 to 0.19%, Si: 0.23-0.25%, Mn: 0.80-0.90%, P is less than or equal to 0.03%, S: 0.023-0.03 percent, Cr: 0.50-1.10%, Ni is less than or equal to 0.55%, Mo is less than or equal to 0.20%, Al: 0.02 to 0.06%, Nb: 0.02 to 0.03%, Ti: 0.02-0.04%, and the balance of Fe.
The fine-grain gear steel prepared by the preparation method has uniform and fine grain structure.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, in the preparation process of the gear steel, the Nb precipitated phase is ensured to be completely dissolved by controlling the heating temperature of the heating furnace, the formation of a coarse precipitated phase is avoided, and the growth of crystal grains is favorably controlled in the carburization process of the gear steel; the temperature in the whole rolling process is also controlled, so that the austenite grains are kept fine; after rough rolling and medium rolling, rolling the steel billet by adopting a high-reduction asynchronous pack rolling mode, so that a precipitated phase becomes more uniform and fine, thereby nailing and rolling a crystal boundary more effectively and refining the gear steel crystal grains; in the rolling process, the pressing amount is kept constant every time, so that the uniform deformation of the steel billet can be ensured; the slow cooling rate after rolling is controlled to ensure that the particles have enough time to be completely separated out, which is beneficial to refining the grains.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing gear steel according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
The fine-grain gear steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.18 to 0.19%, Si: 0.23-0.25%, Mn: 0.80-0.90%, P is less than or equal to 0.03%, S: 0.023-0.03 percent, Cr: 0.50-1.10%, Ni is less than or equal to 0.55%, Mo is less than or equal to 0.20%, Al: 0.02 to 0.06%, Nb: 0.02 to 0.03%, Ti: 0.02-0.04%, and the balance of Fe. The billet steel is preferably a continuous casting billet with the specification of 220mm, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
example 1
Step 1: heating a steel billet: sending the steel billet into a heating furnace for sectional heating, wherein the heating temperature is respectively as follows: the preheating section is less than or equal to 800 ℃, and the heating section: 1000-1210 ℃, soaking section: 1190 to 1240 ℃, and the heating time is 3.5 to 4 hours; heating and then preserving heat for 3 hours;
step 2: rough rolling and medium rolling: removing phosphorus from the heated steel billet by high-pressure water, and then sequentially feeding the steel billet into a roughing mill group and a medium mill group for rolling;
and step 3: finish rolling: sending the rough rolled and medium rolled steel billets into a finishing mill group, and finishing rolling in a large reduction asynchronous pack rolling mode: aligning and stacking two billets, using rivets to rivet the billets tightly, sending the billets into a rolling mill to be rolled for 1 pass, wherein the differential speed ratio of an upper roller and a lower roller of the rolling mill is 1.0, the reduction is 30 percent, cutting the rolled and compounded billets into two billets with the same size along the vertical rolling direction, stacking the two billets again, and repeating the process for three times;
and 4, step 4: cooling after rolling: and (3) sending the finish-rolled steel billet into a cooling bed for slow cooling, wherein the inlet temperature of the cooling bed is more than or equal to 500 ℃, and the cooling rate is less than or equal to 8 ℃/min.
In the embodiment, the temperature range of the whole rolling process is 980-1100 ℃.
Example 2
Step 1: heating a steel billet: sending the steel billet into a heating furnace for sectional heating, wherein the heating temperature is respectively as follows: the preheating section is less than or equal to 800 ℃, and the heating section: 1000-1210 ℃, soaking section: 1190 to 1240 ℃, and the heating time is 3.5 to 4 hours; heating and then preserving heat for 3 hours;
step 2: rough rolling and medium rolling: removing phosphorus from the heated steel billet by high-pressure water, and then sequentially feeding the steel billet into a roughing mill group and a medium mill group for rolling;
and step 3: finish rolling: sending the rough rolled and medium rolled steel billets into a finishing mill group, and finishing rolling in a large reduction asynchronous pack rolling mode: aligning and stacking the two billets, using rivets to rivet the two billets, sending the two billets into a rolling mill to be rolled for 1 pass, wherein the different speed ratio of an upper roller and a lower roller of the rolling mill is 1.2, the rolling reduction is 40 percent, cutting the rolled and compounded billets into two billets with the same size along the vertical rolling direction, stacking the two billets again, and repeating the process for three times;
and 4, step 4: cooling after rolling: and (3) sending the finish-rolled steel billet into a cooling bed for slow cooling, wherein the inlet temperature of the cooling bed is more than or equal to 500 ℃, and the cooling rate is less than or equal to 8 ℃/min.
In the embodiment, the temperature range of the whole rolling process is 980-1100 ℃.
Example 3
Step 1: heating a steel billet: sending the steel billet into a heating furnace for sectional heating, wherein the heating temperature is respectively as follows: the preheating section is less than or equal to 800 ℃, and the heating section: 1000-1210 ℃, soaking section: 1190 to 1240 ℃, and the heating time is 3.5 to 4 hours; heating and then preserving heat for 3 hours;
step 2: rough rolling and medium rolling: removing phosphorus from the heated steel billet by high-pressure water, and then sequentially feeding the steel billet into a roughing mill group and a medium mill group for rolling;
and step 3: finish rolling: sending the rough rolled and medium rolled steel billets into a finishing mill group, and finishing rolling in a large reduction asynchronous pack rolling mode: aligning and stacking the two billets, using rivets to rivet the two billets tightly, sending the two billets into a rolling mill to be rolled for 1 pass, wherein the different speed ratio of an upper roller and a lower roller of the rolling mill is 1.4, the reduction is 50%, cutting the rolled and compounded billets into two billets with the same size along the vertical rolling direction, stacking the two billets again, and repeating the process for three times;
and 4, step 4: cooling after rolling: and (3) sending the finish-rolled steel billet into a cooling bed for slow cooling, wherein the inlet temperature of the cooling bed is more than or equal to 500 ℃, and the cooling rate is less than or equal to 8 ℃/min.
In the embodiment, the temperature range of the whole rolling process is 980-1100 ℃.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the fine-grain gear steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first step is as follows: sending the pinion steel billet into a heating furnace for sectional heating and heat preservation;
the second step is that: removing phosphorus from the heated steel billet by high-pressure water, and then sequentially carrying out rough rolling and intermediate rolling;
the third step: carrying out large reduction asynchronous pack rolling on the rolled steel billet: aligning and stacking the two billets, riveting tightly by using rivets, rolling for 1 pass, cutting the rolled and compounded billet into two billets with the same size along the vertical rolling direction, stacking again, and repeating the process for three times;
the fourth step: and (3) sending the steel billet subjected to large-reduction asynchronous pack rolling into a cooling bed for slow cooling.
2. A method of producing a fine-grained gear steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the sectional heating temperatures are respectively: the preheating section is less than or equal to 800 ℃, and the heating section: 1000-1210 ℃, soaking section: 1190 to 1240 ℃; the heating time is 3.5-4 hours.
3. The method of producing a fine grain gear steel according to claim 1 wherein the holding time is 3 hours.
4. A method for producing a fine grained gear steel according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature range of the whole rolling process in the second and third steps is: 980-1100 ℃.
5. The method for preparing fine-grained gear steel according to claim 1, wherein in the large reduction asynchronous pack rolling process, the different speed ratio of an upper roller and a lower roller of a rolling mill is 1.0-1.4, and the reduction is 30-50%.
6. The method for preparing fine-grained gear steel according to claim 1, wherein the inlet temperature of the cooling bed is not less than 500 ℃ and the cooling rate is not more than 8 ℃/min during the slow cooling process.
7. The method for preparing the fine-grained gear steel according to claim 1, wherein the gear steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.18 to 0.19%, Si: 0.23-0.25%, Mn: 0.80-0.90%, P is less than or equal to 0.03%, S: 0.023-0.03 percent, Cr: 0.50-1.10%, Ni is less than or equal to 0.55%, Mo is less than or equal to 0.20%, Al: 0.02 to 0.06%, Nb: 0.02 to 0.03%, Ti: 0.02-0.04%, and the balance of Fe.
8. A fine-grained gear steel produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the gear steel has a uniform and fine grain structure.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112322997A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-05 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | High-temperature carburized automobile gear steel and production process thereof |
| CN112893489A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 | Rolling process for eliminating rolling-state mixed crystal structure of 20MnCr5 steel |
| CN114393182A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-26 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Control method for sulfide form of free-cutting gear steel |
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