CN112892587A - 一种高效催化环氧乙烷水合反应制备乙二醇的方法 - Google Patents

一种高效催化环氧乙烷水合反应制备乙二醇的方法 Download PDF

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CN112892587A
CN112892587A CN202110087049.5A CN202110087049A CN112892587A CN 112892587 A CN112892587 A CN 112892587A CN 202110087049 A CN202110087049 A CN 202110087049A CN 112892587 A CN112892587 A CN 112892587A
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高国华
丁桐
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高效催化环氧乙烷水合反应制备乙二醇的方法,所述方法在二氧化碳气氛下,离子液体和有机碱催化环氧乙烷水合反应,反应水合比可降低至1∶1,得到大于99%的乙二醇选择性。本发明所述方法通过在离子液体和有机碱的催化反应体系中加入二氧化碳,可直接在计量的水合比条件下高选择性生成二元醇,能够解决现存直接水合反应工艺中水合比高的问题,可以有效降低后处理中的能耗和费用,且选用的催化剂简单易得、活性高,从而在环氧乙烷水合制备乙二醇的生产中具有潜在的应用。

Description

一种高效催化环氧乙烷水合反应制备乙二醇的方法
技术领域
本发明属于均相催化技术领域,具体涉及一种二氧化碳存在下、高效催化环氧乙烷水合反应制备乙二醇的方法。
背景技术
乙二醇是一种最简单、最重要的二元醇,是十分重要的化工基础原料,在化学、材料、生物和医药等领域有着广泛的应用,主要用于生产聚酯树脂、聚酯涤纶、合成纤维、表面活性剂、干燥剂、燃料电池、抗冻剂和解冻液等产品。乙二醇的工业生产影响着石油化工的发展、能源的安全以及国民经济的基础产业,其生产与消费越来越为各国所重视。目前,乙二醇的工业生产主要有环氧乙烷法,通过环氧乙烷法生产的乙二醇约占乙二醇总产量的80%。但是,该方法存在着诸多问题,如:反应温度高、反应进料水合比高(20~25:1)、能耗大。
环氧乙烷催化水合法具有很好的工业应用前景,可以一定程度地降低直接水合法的原料消耗和能量消耗,并提高乙二醇的选择性。一般来说,催化剂包括均相催化剂和多相催化剂两类,且工艺路线对于催化剂的开发要求十分严格。迄今,已有众多的催化体系被报道(Chemical Society Reviews,2012,41,4218-4244),包括无机酸,碱金属、碱土金属卤化盐/碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐/硫酸盐,胺类,离子交换树脂,金属氧化物(如:Nb2O5/Al2O3),分子筛(如:H-ZSM-5,Sn-H-SSZ),酸性聚离子液体等。但是这些催化体系存在着一定缺陷,例如①反应仍需要较高水合比(10:1),未降低后处理过程中分离工艺的难度以及减少生产成本和能耗;②反应所需的反应温度和压力仍较高;③催化剂的稳定性差,使用寿命短;④催化剂制备复杂等。上述缺陷使得这些催化体系均难以实际应用到乙二醇的工业生产中。因此,开发简单的催化剂体系用于环氧乙烷水合反应,使反应在接近理论量的水合比的条件下,得到较高选择性的乙二醇是环氧乙烷催化水合制备乙二醇的关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高效催化环氧乙烷水合反应制备乙二醇的方法,该方法可降低反应水合比至理论值,乙二醇的选择性大于99%。本发明选用的催化剂制备简单、可高效催化反应,具有良好的应用价值。本发明可以解决已有技术存在的问题和不足,提供一种催化剂简单易得、反应水合比降低至理论值、乙二醇合成效率高的方法。
实现本发明目的的具体技术方案是:
一种高效催化环氧乙烷水合反应制备乙二醇的方法,特点是:该方法以离子液体和有机碱为催化剂,将二氧化碳引入反应体系,环氧乙烷水合反应制得乙二醇,具体为:将环氧乙烷、水、离子液体和有机碱置于高压反应釜中,密闭后持续通入二氧化碳,在反应温度为60~120℃、二氧化碳的压力为0.1~2.0兆帕的条件下,反应0.5~12小时,制得乙二醇;
本发明所述离子液体和有机碱同时存在于反应体系中;
本发明所述离子液体的化学结构如式(I)或(II)所示;
Figure BDA0002911138670000021
式中:R为H、C1~C6烷基、苄基或乙烯基;X为Cl、Br或I阴离子;
本发明所述有机碱的化学结构如式(III)~(VII)所示:
Figure BDA0002911138670000022
式中:R1为H、C1~C6烷基、苄基、乙烯基或烯丙基;
本发明所述环氧乙烷和所述水的摩尔比为1:1~5。
本发明所述离子液体的摩尔用量为所述环氧乙烷摩尔用量的0.1~5%。
本发明所述有机碱的摩尔用量为所述环氧乙烷摩尔用量的0.1~5%。
本发明具有以下优点:(1)所述方法反应水合比低,生成的乙二醇浓度高、选择性高,有效降低后处理过程的能耗和费用;(2)所述催化剂体系简单、稳定、高活性,可在二氧化碳存在时高选择性地合成乙二醇;(3)所述方法为一锅法,工艺过程简便。
具体实施方式
结合以下具体实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的保护内容不局限于以下实施例。在不背离发明构思的精神和范围下,本领域技术人员能够想到的变化和优点都被包括在本发明中,并且以所附的权利要求书为保护范围。实施本发明的过程、条件、试剂、实验方法等,除以下专门提及的内容之外,均为本领域的普遍知识和公知常识,本发明没有特别限制内容。
实施例1
环氧乙烷(2.20克,50毫摩尔)、水(1.35克,75毫摩尔)、1-乙烯基-3-丁基-咪唑溴盐VBImBr(0.116克,0.5毫摩尔)和乙烯基咪唑VIm(0.047克,0.5毫摩尔)加入到50毫升的不锈钢反应釜中,反应釜密闭后,持续通入1.5兆帕CO2,升温至100℃反应3小时。反应结束后,待反应釜冰水浴冷却至室温后,以联苯为内标,通过气相色谱对反应液进行定量分析,确定目标产物乙二醇的收率为99%,选择性为99%。乙二醇的结构经核磁共振波谱确定,1H NMR(400MHz,D2O,TMS)δ(ppm):2.01(t,J=6.0Hz,4H);13C NMR(100MHz,D2O,TMS)δ(ppm):62.20。
对比例1
为实施例1的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为32%,收率21%。
实施例2
所用有机碱是1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU),其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为99%,收率99%。
对比例2
为实施例2的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例2;乙二醇的选择性为18%,收率11%。
实施例3
所用有机碱是4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为99%,收率99%。
对比例3
为实施例3的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例3;乙二醇的选择性为18%,收率13%。
实施例4
所用有机碱是二烯丙基胺(DAA),其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为99%,收率99%。
对比例4
为实施例4的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例4;乙二醇的选择性为19%,收率13%。
实施例5
所用有机碱是三烯丙基胺(TAA),其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为99%,收率99%。
对比例5
为实施例5的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例5;乙二醇的选择性为24%,收率17%。
实施例6
所用有机碱是4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP),其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为99%,收率99%。
对比例6
为实施例6的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例6;乙二醇的选择性为22%,收率13%。
实施例7
所用离子液体是1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑溴盐(BMImBr),其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为99%,收率99%。
对比例7
为实施例7的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例7;乙二醇的选择性为20%,收率13%。
实施例8
所用离子液体是1-苄基-3-丁基-咪唑溴盐(BnBImBr),其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为99%,收率99%。
对比例8
为实施例8的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例8;乙二醇的选择性为19%,收率15%。
实施例9
所用离子液体是1-丁基-2,3-二甲基-咪唑溴盐(BdMImBr),其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为99%,收率99%。
对比例9
为实施例9的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例9;乙二醇的选择性为19%,收率13%。
实施例10
所用离子液体是四丁基溴化铵(Bu4NBr),其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为99%,收率99%。
对比例10
为实施例10的对比例,所通入气体为1.5MPa N2,其他同实施例10;乙二醇的选择性为16%,收率11%。
表1不同离子液体/有机碱催化环氧乙烷水合反应a
Figure BDA0002911138670000051
Figure BDA0002911138670000052
a反应条件:环氧乙烷(2.2g,50mmol),水(1.35g,75mmol),离子液体(0.5mmol,1mol%)/有机碱(0.5mmol,1mol%),100℃,3小时,1.5兆帕。
对比例11
所用离子液体是1-乙烯基-3-丁基-咪唑溴盐VBImBr(0.116克,0.5毫摩尔),不加入有机碱,其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为68%,收率61%。
对比例12
所用有机碱是1-乙烯基咪唑VIm(0.047克,0.5毫摩尔),不加入离子液体,其他同实施例1;乙二醇的选择性为74%,收率61%。
表2不同催化剂催化环氧乙烷水合反应a
Figure BDA0002911138670000061
Figure BDA0002911138670000062
a反应条件:环氧乙烷(2.2g,50mmol),水(1.35g,75mmol),离子液体(0.5mmol,1mol%),有机碱(0.5mmol,1mol%),100℃,3小时,1.5兆帕。

Claims (1)

1.一种高效催化环氧乙烷水合反应制备乙二醇的方法,其特征在于,该方法以离子液体和有机碱为催化剂,将二氧化碳引入反应体系,环氧乙烷水合反应制得乙二醇,具体为:将环氧乙烷、水、离子液体和有机碱置于高压反应釜中,密闭后持续通入二氧化碳,在反应温度为60~120℃、二氧化碳的压力为0.1~2.0兆帕的条件下,反应0.5~12小时,制得乙二醇;
所述离子液体和有机碱同时存在于反应体系中;
所述离子液体的化学结构如式(I)或(II)所示:
Figure FDA0002911138660000011
式中:R为H、C1~C6烷基、苄基或乙烯基;X为Cl、Br或I阴离子;
所述有机碱的化学结构如式(III)~(VII)所示:
Figure FDA0002911138660000012
式中:R1为H、C1~C6烷基、苄基、乙烯基或烯丙基;
所述环氧乙烷和水的摩尔比为1:1~5;
所述离子液体的摩尔用量为所述环氧乙烷摩尔用量的0.1~5%;
所述有机碱的摩尔用量为环氧乙烷摩尔用量的0.1~5%。
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CN116273185A (zh) * 2023-03-01 2023-06-23 大连理工大学 一种固载化双功能催化剂及其在外环路反应工艺中制备环状碳酸酯的方法
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