CN112892524A - 一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料的制法和应用 - Google Patents
一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料的制法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 51
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
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- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及光催化降解技术领域,且公开了一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,独特的海胆状形貌,增加了Mn掺杂ZnO对光能的接触和利用率,MnCO3不参与实际的化学反应,Mn离子掺杂可以改善ZnO的光降解性能,这主要归因于Mn离子掺杂,使其成为电子和空穴的陷阱,从而减少了电子和空穴的再结合并提高了光降解效率,另外,Mn掺杂将杂质能级引入ZnO的带隙中,这增强了样品在可见光区域的吸收并提高了光的利用率,与纯ZnO相比,当高岭土负载ZnO时,能够减少了粉末的团聚,且改性高岭土可以改善有机化合物的吸附,增加有机化合物与光催化剂之间的接触,促进光生电子和空穴的分离,并且不会抑制光催化剂对光能的有效吸收。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化降解技术领域,具体为一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料的制法和应用。
背景技术
目前,传统的废水处理方法存在成本高,处理效率低等问题,然而,半导体光催化具有处理效率高,应用范围广,减少二次污染等优点,在水污染治理中具有广阔的应用前景,环境废水的光催化降解是上世纪80年代开发的一种新型水处理技术,它能将水中的大量有机物完全分解为无污染的无机小分子,避免二次污染,降低处理成本低,操作条件简单,氧化能力强等优点,已成为近年来污染控制技术的研究热点。
ZnO是一种自活化的半导体材料,可广泛应用于短波光电器件,压敏电阻,传感器,光催化等领域,纳米氧化锌还具有出色的物理和化学性能,例如高热稳定性,化学稳定性和不导电性,无毒,被认为是最有前途的光催化剂之一,但它具有一些缺点,例如其比表面积小,会出现严重的团聚,同时,带隙宽,仅对紫外线有反应,使得光生电子与空穴容易出现复合,而且催化剂颗粒越小,从系统中分离出来就越困难,无法回收。
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料的制法和应用,解决了单纯的ZnO光催化材料的聚团以及光生电子和空穴容易复合,严重影响其对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝等有机污染物的光催化降解活性。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,所述负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将在煅烧处理后的高岭土置于盐酸溶液中,控制高岭土和HCl的质量比为100:100-150,在80-100℃下加热回流酸化处理3-6h,冷却,离心分离,蒸馏水洗涤纯化,得到改性高岭土,
(2)将硝酸锌、聚乙二醇和改性高岭土加入蒸馏水中,超声至均匀,置于超声装置中,在40-60℃,滴加氢氧化钾与碳酸锰的混合溶液,超声反应4-8min,得到前驱体溶液,
(3)将前驱体溶液转移进反应釜中,进行水热反应,反应后再离心、洗净、真空干燥,即可得到负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,应用于光催化降解领域。
优选的,所述步骤(1)的改性高岭土、硝酸锌、聚乙二醇、碳酸锰和氢氧化钾的质量比120-180:100:280-350:2-3:500-550。
优选的,所述超声装置包括水浴锅,水浴锅内部设置有烧杯,水浴锅左上方设置有进水孔,水浴锅右下方设置有出水口,水浴锅下方固定连接有超声振子,水浴锅外侧设置有保温层。
优选的,所述步骤(3)的水热反应的温度为100-120℃,反应时间为9-12h。
优选的,所述负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料应用于光催化降解领域。
(三)有益的技术效果
与现有技术相比,本发明具备以下实验原理和有益技术效果:
该一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,煅烧能够去除高岭土中铝氧八面体的OH基团,并降低Al的配位数,同时,有序高岭石也会变成结构紊乱的偏高岭石,从而使Al能够发生酸反应活动,而在与酸反应的过程中,氧化物的浸出使得高岭土颗粒表面形成孔状结构,增加了高岭土的比表面积,提高了有机污染物在高岭土上的吸附概率,然后,将改性高岭土添加到以硝酸锌为锌源、聚乙二醇为结构导向剂、碳酸锰为掺杂剂和氢氧化钾为沉淀剂形成前驱体溶液中,进行水热反应,使其在改性高岭土表面沉淀形成海胆状Mn掺杂ZnO,而独特的海胆状形貌,具有更高的比表面积,增加了Mn掺杂ZnO对光辐射的接触和光能的利用率。
该一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,MnCO3不参与实际的化学反应,Mn离子掺杂可以改善ZnO的光降解性能,这主要归因于Mn离子掺杂,使其成为电子和空穴的陷阱,从而减少了电子和空穴的再结合并提高了光降解效率,另外,Mn掺杂将杂质能级引入ZnO的带隙中,这增强了样品在可见光区域的吸收并提高了光的利用率,与纯ZnO相比,当比表面积巨大的高岭土负载Mn掺杂ZnO时,能够减少了粉末的团聚,且改性高岭土可以改善甲基橙和亚甲基蓝等有机污染物的吸附,增加有机污染物与光催化复合材料之间的接触,促进光生电子和空穴的分离,并且不会抑制光催化剂对光能的有效吸收,从而实现复合材料先对有机污染物进行吸附,然后进行光催化降解的双功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明中超声装置结构主视图;
图2为本发明中超声装置结构俯视图。
图中:1-超声装置;2-水浴锅;3-烧杯;4-进水孔;5-出水口;6-超声振子;7-保温层。
具体实施方式
(1)将在煅烧处理后的高岭土置于盐酸溶液中,控制高岭土和HCl的质量比为100:100-150,在80-100℃下加热回流酸化处理3-6h,冷却,离心分离,蒸馏水洗涤纯化,得到改性高岭土,
(2)将硝酸锌、聚乙二醇和改性高岭土加入蒸馏水中,超声至均匀,置于超声装置中,超声装置包括水浴锅,水浴锅内部设置有烧杯,水浴锅左上方设置有进水孔,水浴锅右下方设置有出水口,水浴锅下方固定连接有超声振子,水浴锅外侧设置有保温层,在40-60℃,滴加氢氧化钾与碳酸锰的混合溶液,控制改性高岭土、硝酸锌、聚乙二醇、碳酸锰和氢氧化钾的质量比120-180:100:280-350:2-3:500-550,超声反应4-8min,得到前驱体溶液,
(3)将前驱体溶液转移进反应釜中,进行水热反应,反应温度为100-120℃,反应时间为9-12h,反应后再离心、洗净、真空干燥,即可得到负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,应用于光催化降解领域。
实施例1
(1)将在煅烧处理后的高岭土置于盐酸溶液中,控制高岭土和HCl的质量比为1:1,在80℃下加热回流酸化处理3h,冷却,离心分离,蒸馏水洗涤纯化,得到改性高岭土,
(2)将硝酸锌、聚乙二醇和改性高岭土加入蒸馏水中,超声至均匀,置于超声装置中,超声装置包括水浴锅,水浴锅内部设置有烧杯,水浴锅左上方设置有进水孔,水浴锅右下方设置有出水口,水浴锅下方固定连接有超声振子,水浴锅外侧设置有保温层,在40℃,滴加氢氧化钾与碳酸锰的混合溶液,控制改性高岭土、硝酸锌、聚乙二醇、碳酸锰和氢氧化钾的质量比120:100:280:2:500,超声反应4min,得到前驱体溶液,
(3)将前驱体溶液转移进反应釜中,进行水热反应,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为9h,反应后再离心、洗净、真空干燥,即可得到负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料。
实施例2
(1)将在煅烧处理后的高岭土置于盐酸溶液中,控制高岭土和HCl的质量比为100:120,在90℃下加热回流酸化处理4h,冷却,离心分离,蒸馏水洗涤纯化,得到改性高岭土,
(2)将硝酸锌、聚乙二醇和改性高岭土加入蒸馏水中,超声至均匀,置于超声装置中,超声装置包括水浴锅,水浴锅内部设置有烧杯,水浴锅左上方设置有进水孔,水浴锅右下方设置有出水口,水浴锅下方固定连接有超声振子,水浴锅外侧设置有保温层,在50℃,滴加氢氧化钾与碳酸锰的混合溶液,控制改性高岭土、硝酸锌、聚乙二醇、碳酸锰和氢氧化钾的质量比150:100:320:2.5:520,超声反应6min,得到前驱体溶液,
(3)将前驱体溶液转移进反应釜中,进行水热反应,反应温度为110℃,反应时间为10h,反应后再离心、洗净、真空干燥,即可得到负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料。
实施例3
(1)将在煅烧处理后的高岭土置于盐酸溶液中,控制高岭土和HCl的质量比为100:150,在100℃下加热回流酸化处理6h,冷却,离心分离,蒸馏水洗涤纯化,得到改性高岭土,
(2)将硝酸锌、聚乙二醇和改性高岭土加入蒸馏水中,超声至均匀,置于超声装置中,超声装置包括水浴锅,水浴锅内部设置有烧杯,水浴锅左上方设置有进水孔,水浴锅右下方设置有出水口,水浴锅下方固定连接有超声振子,水浴锅外侧设置有保温层,在60℃,滴加氢氧化钾与碳酸锰的混合溶液,控制改性高岭土、硝酸锌、聚乙二醇、碳酸锰和氢氧化钾的质量比180:100:350:3:550,超声反应8min,得到前驱体溶液,
(3)将前驱体溶液转移进反应釜中,进行水热反应,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为12h,反应后再离心、洗净、真空干燥,即可得到负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料。
对比例1
(1)将在煅烧处理后的高岭土置于盐酸溶液中,控制高岭土和HCl的质量比为100:80,在60℃下加热回流酸化处理2h,冷却,离心分离,蒸馏水洗涤纯化,得到改性高岭土,
(2)将硝酸锌、聚乙二醇和改性高岭土加入蒸馏水中,超声至均匀,置于超声装置中,超声装置包括水浴锅,水浴锅内部设置有烧杯,水浴锅左上方设置有进水孔,水浴锅右下方设置有出水口,水浴锅下方固定连接有超声振子,水浴锅外侧设置有保温层,在35℃,滴加氢氧化钾与碳酸锰的混合溶液,控制改性高岭土、硝酸锌、聚乙二醇、碳酸锰和氢氧化钾的质量比90:100:210:1.5:380,超声反应3min,得到前驱体溶液,
(3)将前驱体溶液转移进反应釜中,进行水热反应,反应温度为75℃,反应时间为7h,反应后再离心、洗净、真空干燥,即可得到负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料。
对比例2
(1)将在煅烧处理后的高岭土置于盐酸溶液中,控制高岭土和HCl的质量比为100:180,在120℃下加热回流酸化处理7h,冷却,离心分离,蒸馏水洗涤纯化,得到改性高岭土,
(2)将硝酸锌、聚乙二醇和改性高岭土加入蒸馏水中,超声至均匀,置于超声装置中,超声装置包括水浴锅,水浴锅内部设置有烧杯,水浴锅左上方设置有进水孔,水浴锅右下方设置有出水口,水浴锅下方固定连接有超声振子,水浴锅外侧设置有保温层,在70℃,滴加氢氧化钾与碳酸锰的混合溶液,控制改性高岭土、硝酸锌、聚乙二醇、碳酸锰和氢氧化钾的质量比220:100:420:4:650,超声反应10min,得到前驱体溶液,
(3)将前驱体溶液转移进反应釜中,进行水热反应,反应温度为145℃,反应时间为15h,反应后再离心、洗净、真空干燥,即可得到负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料。
称取2g的负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料催化剂加入100mL浓度为0.1%的亚甲基蓝溶液中,并遮光搅拌30min后,于200W氙灯下照射3h后取样,离心分离,剩余的亚甲基蓝的吸光度和浓度由AA320N原子吸收光谱仪测定,并计算亚甲基的降解率,检测的标准为GB/T 23762-2020。
测试 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
初始浓度(%) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
剩余浓度(%) | 0.0064 | 0.0011 | 0.0059 | 0.0220 | 0.0188 |
降解率(%) | 93.6 | 98.9 | 94.1 | 78.0 | 81.2 |
称取5g的负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料催化剂加入100mL浓度为0.1%的甲基橙溶液中,并遮光搅拌30min后,于200W氙灯下照射6h后取样,离心分离,剩余的甲基橙的吸光度和浓度由AA320N原子吸收光谱仪测定,并计算亚甲基的降解率,检测的标准为GB/T23762-2020。
测试 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
初始浓度(%) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
剩余浓度(%) | 0.0051 | 0.0032 | 0.004 | 0.0168 | 0.0187 |
降解率(%) | 94.9 | 96.8 | 96.0 | 83.2 | 81.3 |
Claims (5)
1.一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,其特征在于:所述负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将在煅烧处理后的高岭土置于盐酸溶液中,控制高岭土和HCl的质量比为100:100-150,在80-100℃下加热回流酸化处理3-6h,得到改性高岭土;
(2)将硝酸锌、聚乙二醇和改性高岭土加入蒸馏水中,超声至均匀,置于超声装置中,在40-60℃,滴加氢氧化钾与碳酸锰的混合溶液,超声反应4-8min,得到前驱体溶液;
(3)将前驱体溶液转移进反应釜中,进行水热反应,即可得到负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)的改性高岭土、硝酸锌、聚乙二醇、碳酸锰和氢氧化钾的质量比120-180:100:280-350:2-3:500-550。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,其特征在于:所述超声装置包括水浴锅,水浴锅内部设置有烧杯,水浴锅左上方设置有进水孔,水浴锅右下方设置有出水口,水浴锅下方固定连接有超声振子,水浴锅外侧设置有保温层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)的水热反应的温度为100-120℃,反应时间为9-12h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料,其特征在于:所述负载高岭土的Mn掺杂ZnO的复合材料应用于光催化降解领域。
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CN115845863A (zh) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-03-28 | 辽宁大学 | 一种铬掺杂四氧化三钴光催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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CN114159559B (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-11-25 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | 一种高岭石复合诊疗剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115845863A (zh) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-03-28 | 辽宁大学 | 一种铬掺杂四氧化三钴光催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN115845863B (zh) * | 2023-01-09 | 2024-03-22 | 辽宁大学 | 一种铬掺杂四氧化三钴光催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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