CN112888557B - 复合产品的生产方法 - Google Patents

复合产品的生产方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112888557B
CN112888557B CN201980070188.8A CN201980070188A CN112888557B CN 112888557 B CN112888557 B CN 112888557B CN 201980070188 A CN201980070188 A CN 201980070188A CN 112888557 B CN112888557 B CN 112888557B
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film
core
mould
layer
liquid mixture
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CN201980070188.8A
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CN112888557A (zh
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S·B·加斯塔迪
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Persico SpA
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Persico SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/001—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
    • B29D99/0021—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings provided with plain or filled structures, e.g. cores, placed between two or more plates or sheets, e.g. in a matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C43/183—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles the preformed layer being a lining, e.g. shaped in the mould before compression moulding, or a preformed shell adapted to the shape of the mould
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    • B29C51/262—Clamping means for the sheets, e.g. clamping frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/302—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
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    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
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Abstract

复合产品(1)的生产方法，该复合产品(1)包括芯(2)，包括浸渍有固体聚氨酯材料的片材的第一层(3)，以及施加到第一层(3)的基于聚合物的膜(7)，其中该方法包括：‑生产半成品，该半成品包括芯(2)和被固体聚氨酯材料的液体混合物前体浸渍的片材；‑通过在膜(7)和第一半模(11)之间施加低压，将膜(7)粘附到第一半模(11)；‑将两个半模(11,12)彼此抵靠挤压并且半成品介于两个成形表面(13)之间，以使膜(7)与液体混合物接触；‑在半成品置于模具中的情况下，将液体混合物热固化以使其转变成聚氨酯固体材料，从而使膜(7)牢固地粘附至第一层(3)，由此产生复合产品(1)。

Description

复合产品的生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合产品的生产方法。
技术背景
已经知道如何实现复合产品，例如通常为夹心板的复合产品，其包括通常为蜂窝纸板或固体泡沫的芯以及布置在该芯的相反面上的厚度减小的上层和下层。每层都由玻璃纤维板构成，该玻璃纤维板浸渍有聚氨酯材料，该材料还部分渗透芯，从而固定整个结构。
如此构成的结构比制成该结构的单个部件具有明显更好的静态性能。下层和上层起到将载荷分布在平面上的功能，而几乎占据整个厚度的芯的作用之一是增加了面板的抗弯和抗扭刚度，这取决于层与中间平面之间的距离，这些都减轻了总重量。
这种复合板广泛用于例如滑雪橇或滑雪板之类的运动器材，或用于汽车领域，例如用于制造载荷面，帽箱，箱底等。
为了实现夹心板，通常首先将板芯和两个玻璃纤维板组装在一起，然后对所述板进行喷射以使它们被聚氨酯材料的液体混合物前体(例如，多元醇和异氰酸酯的混合物)浸渍，从而制成半成品板。然后将半成品进行热压成型工艺(例如，在聚氨酯的情况下，在130-140℃下进行)，在该工艺中，使用由两个半模组成的模具，这两个半模彼此抵靠挤压并且半成品插入其中。以这种方式，通过表面的修整和其轮廓的切割来形成半成品，并且液体混合物进一步交联以形成固体聚氨酯材料，该固体聚氨酯材料固定了夹心板的最终形式。
发明内容
申请人已经认识到，复合产品的已知生产过程以及相关的已知复合产品具有一些缺点和/或可以在一个或多个方面进行改进。
申请人首先发现，期望为上述复合产品配备至少一个外表面，该外表面经处理以赋予表面本身特殊性能，例如以下一项或多项性能：改进的机械性能(例如抗刮擦，耐磨等)，水密性和耐洗性，触觉特性，美学特性(例如颜色，装饰，质地等)，抗紫外特性。
申请人还认识到，可以通过用合适的薄膜涂覆表面来制造上述经处理的表面。然而，申请人已经确定，在上述模制过程的下游，例如通过层压或胶合或热成型，将膜施加到上述复合产品上，这增加了完成的复合产品的生产时间和/或成本，并且/或者不能保证成品的期望质量，例如在膜的附着性或膜的铺展均匀性(“平滑度”)(即没有褶皱或皱纹)方面。
因此，申请人面临着开发一种复合产品的生产方法的问题，该复合产品包括至少一个涂覆有薄的聚合物基膜的表面，并且实现有限的时间和/或成本，通常基本上与传统方法相当的时间和/或成本，同时在复合产品表面涂层的铺展均匀性和/或牢固性和/或持续性方面保证所需的质量。
根据本申请，通过根据所附权利要求和/或具有以下特征的复合产品的生产方法解决了实现这些目的中的一个或多个的问题。
根据一个方面，本发明涉及一种复合产品的生产方法。
该复合产品(完成时)包括芯，在芯的第一面上的至少一个第一层，该第一层包括浸渍有固体聚氨酯材料的片材，以及在与所述芯的第一面相反的一侧上施加到所述第一层的基于聚合物的膜。
优选地，所述方法包括：
-生产半成品，该半成品包括所述芯和在所述芯的第一面的被所述固体聚氨酯材料的液体混合物前体浸渍的所述片材；
-提供包括两个半模的模具，每个半模具有各自的成形表面；
-通过在所述膜和所述成形表面之间施加低压(depression)，将所述膜粘附到所述两个半模中的第一半模的所述成形表面上；
-通过将所述两个半模彼此抵靠挤压而形成所述半成品，使所述半成品介于两个成形表面之间，以使所述膜与在第一层浸渍所述片材的液体混合物接触；
-在半成品置于模具中的情况下，将所述液体混合物热固化以使其转变成所述聚氨酯固体材料，从而使所述膜牢固地粘附至所述第一层，由此产生复合产品。
在所述膜和所述成形表面之间具有低压的意思是指在由膜和成形表面所限定的空间中形成比大气压低的压力(为了使它们相互粘附)，或者更一般地是指实现膜的朝向成形表面的面和相反的面之间的压力差。
术语“膜”是指具有足够挠性的片材，该片材能够通过适度的低压(例如大于0.1巴)而成形以粘附至半模的表面。例如，取决于所选的聚合物材料，片材通常具有不大于1mm的厚度。
根据本申请，通过低压使膜粘附到第一半模并且在膜与浸渍片材的液体混合物接触的情况下使液体混合物热固化，从而可以在半成品的成型步骤(至少包括形成和热固化)过程中直接将膜包含在复合产品中，而无需像上述传统方法一样进一步使用任何固定手段(如粘合剂)或工艺步骤(如热成形，轧制等)。
本发明实现了膜与第一层的紧密，耐久和持久的粘合。低压的使用使得膜均匀地铺展，即基本上没有褶皱或皱纹，这是由于低压能够使甚至非常薄的膜(例如厚度小于250μm的膜)张紧并且提供非常高的挠性，否则该膜将易于起皱。
在一个或多个前述方面中，本发明可以具有一个或多个以下优选特征。
通常，所述复合产品(当完成时)包括在与芯的第一面相反的芯的第二面上的第二层，该第二层包括浸渍有所述聚氨酯固体材料的另外的片材，其中所述半成品在芯的第二面处包括浸渍有所述聚氨酯固体材料的所述液体混合物前体的所述另外的片材。这样，产品的机械抵抗能力得以增强。
在一个实施方式中，所述复合产品(完成时)包括在与芯的所述第二面相反的一侧处施加至所述第二层的另外的基于聚合物的膜(优选与所述膜相同)。
优选地，该方法包括：
-通过在所述另外的膜和所述两个半模中的第二半模的所述成形表面之间施加低压，将所述另外的膜粘附到所述第二半模的所述成形表面上；
-在所述形成半成品的过程中，所述另外的膜与液体混合物接触，该液体混合物浸渍所述另外的片材；
-在所述液体混合物进行所述热固化期间，所述另外的膜牢固地粘附至所述第二层。
优选地，所述芯和/或所述第一和/或第二层具有基本上层状的延伸。
优选地，所述片材由玻璃纤维，碳或凯夫拉尔(kevlar)纤维或天然纤维制成，更优选地由玻璃纤维制成(非常便宜)。
优选地，所述芯包括(或由其组成)蜂窝纸板或固体泡沫(具有开孔或闭孔)，更优选地，蜂窝纸板具有相对于芯的所述第一面垂直发展的孔(以提供刚性和牢固性)。
优选地，所述聚氨酯材料基于二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)，甚至更优选地基于4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(4.4’-MDI)。优选地，所述液体混合物是多元醇和异氰酸酯的混合物，异氰酸酯更优选是MDI，甚至更优选是4,4’-MDI(由于其广泛的可用性和可负担性)。
优选地，生产所述半成品包括对所述片材(和所述另外的片材)喷洒所述液体混合物。
优选地，所述第一(和/或第二)半模包括具有所述成形表面的相应主体和切割刀片系统。
优选地，形成半成品包括至少沿着轮廓线切割所述半成品，更优选地利用所述刀片系统进行。
优选地，使液体混合物热固化包括在给定的时间段内将半成品在模具内保持在给定温度下，更优选地温度是高于120°，甚至更优选地高于130°。
优选地，所述低压大于或等于0.1巴和/或小于或等于0.9巴。
优选地，所述膜(和所述另外的膜)的厚度大于或等于10μm，更优选地大于或等于20μm，甚至更优选地大于或等于30μm和/或小于或等于500μm，更优选地小于或等于250μm，甚至更优选地小于或等于200μm或150μm。该厚度足以在不显著增加复合产品的重量和/或厚度和/或总成本的情况下使表面具有至少一种上述性质。此外，该膜具有足够的挠性以能够通过适度的低压来成形。
优选地，所述膜(和所述另外的膜)包含以下聚合物中的一种或多种或(基本上)由以下聚合物中的一种或多种组成：聚丙烯(PP)，聚乙烯(PE)，聚酰胺(PA)，聚苯乙烯(PS)，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)，聚碳酸酯(PC)，丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)。根据本申请，这些聚合物在不同程度上适合于赋予表面至少一种前述性质，和/或它们提供足够的化学/物理相容性以与所述聚氨酯材料结合。
优选地，所述膜的与第一层的所述外表面接触的至少一个表面(以及可能的所述另外的膜的与所述第二层的所述外表面接触的表面)由聚酰胺或聚苯乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚碳酸酯或丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯制成，更优选由聚酰胺制成。实际上，申请人已经证实，这些聚合物，特别是聚酰胺，与所述聚氨酯材料具有高的化学/物理相容性(并因此具有稳定和持久的粘合性)。
优选地，所述膜(和所述另外的膜)包含抗紫外填料和/或颜料。以此方式，保护成品免受紫外线的有害影响和/或具有期望的美学外观。
优选地，将所述聚合物膜(和所述另外的膜)粘附至所述(相应的)成形表面包括：
-将所述膜(和所述另外的膜)施加在所述第一(和相应的第二)半模上，其中所述膜(和另外的膜)具有(连续的)周边部分，所述周边部分沿着所述成形表面的整个周边超过所述成形表面；
-在所述膜的所述周边部分和所述第一半模之间(以及在所述另外的膜的所述周边部分和所述第二半模之间)，更优选地沿着围绕相应成形表面的连续线施加低压；
-在上一步之后，在所述膜和所述成形表面之间(以及在所述另外的膜和所述相应的成形表面之间)施加所述低压，更优选地，在所述膜的所述周边部分和所述第一半模之间(以及在所述另外的膜的所述周边部分和所述第二半模之间)保持所述低压。
申请人已经确定，第一变形(out-of-shape)低压的施加使膜预张紧，这有利于施加第二成形(in-shape)低压后膜与成形表面之间的期望的铺展(例如，存在少量皱纹或褶皱或不存在皱纹或褶皱)。
优选地，将所述膜施加在所述第一半模上包括：
-将所述膜施加到框架上，并沿着所述膜的连续周边部分在膜和框架之间施加低压，以将膜连接至框架(并将膜预张紧)；
-随后，通过将框架靠近第一半模，将所述膜施加到所述第一半模上，
-随后，在所述膜的所述周边部分和所述第一半模之间施加所述低压，
-随后，去除膜和框架之间的所述低压，以能够从所述第一半模移除所述框架。对于另外的膜，同样如此。
通过这种方式，膜可以以已经预张紧的形式移动并设置在半模上，从而进一步提高与成形表面的粘合质量。
附图简要说明
参考附图，通过以下以本发明的非限制性示例的方式给出的一些实施方式的详细描述，将进一步阐明本发明的特征和优点，其中：
图1显示了可通过本发明的方法获得的复合产品的透视图；
图2以示意图形式而非按比例显示了可通过本发明的方法获得的复合产品的部分截面。
图3a-3c以纯示意性方式示出了根据本发明的方法的一些示例性步骤。
本发明的一些实施方式的详细描述
在图1中，具有附图标记1，显示了可通过本发明的方法获得的最终复合产品。示例性地，所示的复合产品1是汽车行李箱的装载支撑物。
示例性地，复合产品1是夹心板类型的。
如图2示意性所示，复合产品1包括芯2，在芯2的第一面4上的第一层3，在芯的与第一面4相反的第二面6上的第二层5，以及施加在第一层3的与芯2的第一面4相反的一侧的外面8上的基于聚合物的膜7(例如由聚苯乙烯或聚酰胺制成)。任选地，未示出，根据文中所述的用于膜7的方式并且与膜7同时，将另外的基于聚合物的膜(优选地，与膜7相同)施加到第二层5的与芯的第二面6相反的一侧的外面9。
芯2以及层3和5具有层状延伸。第一层3和第二层5由各自的浸渍有固体聚氨酯材料的玻璃纤维片材构成(未示出)。示例性地，未变形层3和5的厚度等于约0.3-0.4mm，未变形芯2的厚度等于约12-20mm，并且膜7的厚度为60μm。在图2中，第一层3和第二层5以及膜7的厚度被故意夸大以提高可见性。
优选地，芯2由蜂窝纸板构成，其中，孔道(未示出)由壁形成，所述壁具有基本垂直于芯的第一和第二面的延伸。尽管未示出，但是固体聚氨酯材料通常还部分地侵入靠近第一面4和第二面5的孔道的内部空间，以将第一层3和第二层5牢固地固定到芯2上。
如图1中可见的在下方的面处示例性示出的，复合产品1还可以(但不一定)包括一些插入物10、11和12，这些插入物是刚性的并且是单件的，通常由聚合物材料制成。
示例性地，需要插入物10将装载支撑物钩到与轿厢的其余部分成一体的一对销(未示出)上，从而实现两个铰链联接以允许装载支架物旋转(提升)。示例性地，需要第二插入物11通过卡扣联接将装载支撑物钩在车辆的其余部分上。示例性地，需要第三插入物12，其包括一对孔，以确保将装载支撑物正确地定位在钩挂位置。
可能存在的插入物可以在模制后通过固定装置(例如螺钉，铆钉等)固定，或者通过胶粘或与半成品共同模制来固定(在这种情况下，每个插入物包括(未示出)淹没在第一层3和芯2中并被聚氨酯材料包封的部分，以及从第一层3突出的部分)。
在下文中，参考图3a-3c描述了根据本发明的复合产品的示例性生产方法，图3a-3c以纯示意性方式示出了所用元件的截面。
该方法包括首先生产半成品(未示出)，其在芯2的第一面4和第二面6上设置相应的玻璃纤维片材，并在玻璃纤维片材上喷洒多元醇和异氰酸酯的液体混合物，直到将其完全浸渍，所述异氰酸酯是例如来自销售的/>系列或/>销售的系列。
因此，上述半成品是利用模具形成的。
为此，使用的模具10包括第一半模11和第二半模12，它们各自具有相应的成形表面13(在图中完全以任意方式示出)，一旦关闭模具，所述成形表面就限定了腔体14，在成形期间半成品位于该腔体14中。
在图3a-3c中，半模、框架、腔体14和抽吸管道的尺寸、构造、位置完全是任意的，并且仅是本发明的示例性目的。
该方法通过在膜7和成形表面13之间施加低压来提供将膜7粘附到第一半模的成形表面13(以及在两侧涂覆的情况下将膜7粘附到第二半模的成形表面)，如图3c所示。
示例性地，首先提供将膜7施加(例如，接近或搁置)到框架15上，沿着膜7的连续的周边部分在膜和框架之间施加低压，以将膜连接到框架上并使膜预张紧(图3a)。为此，例如，框架上设有至少一个连续的凹槽16，该凹槽沿着相对于成形表面13定位在外部的闭合路径延伸，该凹槽与多个用于抽吸空气的管道17连接(由于抽吸系统例如是已知类型的，因此不再进一步描述或示出抽吸系统)。
随后(图3b)，使框架15接近第一半模11，直到膜接触半模。
或者，膜7可以借助于不同的捕获装置(例如在膜的四个角处的四个钳子)或者甚至手动地铺展在第一半模11上。
随后，在沿着成形表面的整个周边超出成形表面13的膜的周边部分19和第一半模之间施加低压(图3b)。为此目的，例如，第一半模设有至少一个连续的凹槽20，该凹槽沿着相对于成形表面13位于外部并且相对于框架15的上述凹槽16位于内部的闭合路径延伸，凹槽20连接到用于抽吸空气的多个管道21。
优选地，合适的扩散器元件30放置在凹槽16和20的底部上，以将吸力分布在底部的整个表面上。
最后，在膜7和第一半模的成形表面13之间施加低压，优选地在膜的周边部分和第一半模之间保持低压。为此目的，例如，第一半模设有多个用于抽吸空气的管道22。
此时(或甚至在膜7和成形表面13之间施加低压之前)，去除框架与膜之间的低压，并移除框架。
因此，半成品在彼此抵靠挤压的两个半模之间闭合(图3c)，从而由于两个半模的压力，两个半模的成形表面符合板1的相应的面。
在成形过程中，模具的刀片系统(未显示)沿着轮廓线切割半成品，并且示例性地还沿着闭合路径切割半成品，以形成开口，用于将手柄施加到完成的装载支承物上(图1)。
示例性地，主要由于切割作用而施加在两个半模上的压力约为300吨。
随后将半成品保持在模具中，在约140℃的温度下恒温给定的时间段(例如一分钟)，以使液体混合物热固化以使其转变为固体聚氨酯材料，从而制成复合产品1。与膜7接触的混合物一旦硬化形成聚氨酯材料，就可以将膜紧密且牢固地固定在面板结构上。

Claims (13)

1.一种生产复合产品(1)的方法，所述复合产品(1)包括芯(2)，在芯(2)的第一面(4)的至少一个第一层(3)，所述第一层(3)包括浸渍有固体聚氨酯材料的片材，以及在与芯(2)的所述第一面(4)相反的一侧施加到所述第一层(3)的基于聚合物的膜(7)，
其中，所述方法包括：
-生产半成品，所述半成品包括所述芯(2)和在所述芯(2)的第一面(4)的被所述固体聚氨酯材料的液体混合物前体浸渍的所述片材；
-提供包括两个半模(11,12)的模具(10)，每个半模具有各自的成形表面(13)；
-通过在所述膜(7)和所述成形表面(13)之间施加低压，将所述膜(7)粘附到所述两个半模中的第一半模(11)的所述成形表面(13)；
-通过将所述两个半模(11,12)彼此抵靠挤压而形成所述半成品，并且所述半成品介于两个成形表面(13)之间，以使所述膜(7)与在第一层(3)浸渍所述片材的液体混合物接触；
-在所述半成品置于模具中的情况下，将所述液体混合物热固化以使其转变成所述聚氨酯固体材料，从而使所述膜(7)牢固地粘附至所述第一层(3)，由此产生复合产品(1)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述复合产品(1)包括在与芯(2)的第一面(4)相反的芯的第二面(6)处的第二层(5)，所述第二层(5)包括浸渍有所述聚氨酯固体材料的另外的片材，其中所述半成品在芯的第二面处包括浸渍有所述聚氨酯固体材料的所述液体混合物前体的所述另外的片材。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述复合产品(1)包括在与芯(2)的所述第二面(6)相反的一侧施加至所述第二层(5)的另外的基于聚合物的膜，
其中，所述方法包括：
-通过在所述另外的膜和所述两个半模中的第二半模(12)的所述成形表面之间施加低压，将所述另外的膜粘附到所述第二半模(12)的所述成形表面(13)；
-在所述形成半成品的过程中，所述另外的膜与液体混合物接触，该液体混合物浸渍所述另外的膜；
-在所述液体混合物进行所述热固化期间，所述另外的膜牢固地粘附至所述第二层。
4.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法，其中，所述芯和/或所述第一层和/或第二层具有基本上层状的延伸，其中，所述片材由玻璃纤维、碳或凯夫拉尔纤维或天然纤维制成，其中，所述芯包括蜂窝纸板或固体泡沫，并且其中所述聚氨酯材料基于二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)，并且其中所述液体混合物是多元醇和异氰酸酯的混合物。
5.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法，其中，生产所述半成品包括对所述片材喷洒所述液体混合物，其中，所述第一半模包括具有所述成形表面的相应主体和切割刀片系统，其中，形成半成品包括通过所述刀片系统至少沿着轮廓线切割所述半成品，并且其中使液体混合物热固化包括在给定的时间段内将半成品在模具内保持在高于120°的温度下。
6.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法，其中，所述膜(7)的厚度大于或等于10μm，并且/或者小于或等于500μm。
7.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法，其中，所述膜(7)含有以下聚合物中的一种或多种或者由以下聚合物中的一种或多种组成：聚丙烯(PP)，聚乙烯(PE)，聚酰胺(PA)，聚苯乙烯(PS)，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)，聚碳酸酯(PC)，丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)。
8.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法，其中，所述膜的与第一层的所述外面接触的至少一个面由聚酰胺或聚苯乙烯(PS)或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚碳酸酯(PC)或丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)制备。
9.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法，其中，所述膜(7)含有抗紫外填料和/或颜料。
10.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法，其中，将所述聚合物膜(7)粘附到所述成形表面(13)包括：
-将所述膜(7)施加在所述第一半模上，其中所述膜(7)具有连续的周边部分，所述连续的周边部分沿着所述成形表面的整个周边超过所述成形表面；
-沿着围绕相应成形表面的连续线，在所述膜的所述周边部分和所述第一半模之间施加低压；
-在上一步之后，在所述膜和所述成形表面之间施加所述低压，
其中，所述低压大于或等于0.1巴和/或小于或等于0.9巴。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，将所述膜(7)施加在所述第一半模(11)上包括：
-将所述膜(7)施加到框架(15)上，并沿着所述膜(7)的连续周边部分(19)在膜(7)和框架(15)之间施加低压，以将膜(7)连接至框架(15)；
-随后，通过将框架(15)靠近第一半模(11)，将所述膜(7)施加到所述第一半模(11)上；
-随后，在所述膜(7)的所述周边部分(19)和所述第一半模(11)之间施加所述低压；
-随后，去除膜(7)和框架(15)之间的所述低压，以能够从所述第一半模(11)移除所述框架(15)。
12.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法，其中，所述片材由玻璃纤维制成，其中所述芯包括蜂窝纸板，所述蜂窝纸板具有相对于芯(2)的所述第一面(4)垂直发展的孔，其中所述聚氨酯材料基于4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(4,4’-MDI)，其中所述液体混合物是多元醇和4,4’-MDI的混合物。
13.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法，其中，所述膜(7)的厚度大于或等于30μm且小于或等于150μm。
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