CN112867851A - 可电加热的加热盘 - Google Patents

可电加热的加热盘 Download PDF

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CN112867851A
CN112867851A CN201980067112.XA CN201980067112A CN112867851A CN 112867851 A CN112867851 A CN 112867851A CN 201980067112 A CN201980067112 A CN 201980067112A CN 112867851 A CN112867851 A CN 112867851A
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CN112867851B (zh
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P·希尔特
F·库尔斯
T·哈里格
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/2026Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
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    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
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    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
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    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
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    • F01N2240/16Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在废气后处理设备内使用的可电加热的加热盘(1),其中,加热盘(1)通过由多个彼此上下堆叠的金属箔(2、3、5)组成的堆叠层构成,该堆叠层被卷绕成蜂窝体,其中,堆叠层具有交替布置的粗糙结构化的金属箔(2)和精细结构化的或平滑的金属箔(3、5),其中,蜂窝体在径向边缘区域处具有至少一个电接触部(6),其中,第一金属箔(2)由于卷绕而在加热盘(1)的周向方向(4)上以相对于彼此偏移的方式终止,其中,在周向方向(4)上以偏移的方式终止的第一金属箔(2)之间布置有精细结构化的或平滑的第二金属箔(3),该第二金属箔在周向方向(4)上延伸超出终止的第一金属箔(2)的相应的端部。

Description

可电加热的加热盘
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在废气后处理设备内使用的可电加热的加热盘(Heizscheibe),其中,加热盘通过由多个彼此上下堆叠的金属箔组成的堆叠层(层堆/堆叠层组件,Lagenstapel)构成,该堆叠层被卷绕成蜂窝体,其中,堆叠层具有交替布置的粗糙结构化的金属箔和精细结构化的或平滑的金属箔,其中,蜂窝体在径向边缘区域处具有至少一个电接触部,其中,第一金属箔由于卷绕而在加热盘的周向方向上以相对于彼此偏移的方式终止。
背景技术
在现有技术中,已知用于在排气系统中使用的电加热的加热盘。由于该加热盘的加热,可以实现不依赖于内燃机运行的废气流加热,由此可以更早地达到对于最佳的废气后处理所需的温度。加热盘优选由金属的基本材料制成并且例如通过卷绕不同结构化的金属箔的堆叠层制成。
加热盘在此通常被电流流过,其中,加热盘在充分利用欧姆电阻的情况下被加热。
与加热盘的电接触在此通常通过馈电装置实现,该馈电装置被引导穿过包围催化转换器/催化净化器或加热盘的外罩。
US 5433926 A示例性地提出一种在废气后处理设备中的可电加热的加热盘。US2015011115 A1提出一种用于在包围催化转换器的外罩内部实现与加热盘电接触的电引线。
现有技术中的设备的缺点特别是,不能充分保证被导入加热盘中的电流的均匀分布,以满足目前和将来对热容量的更高要求。这是不利的,因为为了达到更高的热容量必须强制地提高所导入的电流。如果存在电流分布不均匀,则会出现局部热点,这对于加热盘的耐久性是不利的。
此外,迄今已知的加热盘在电接触区域方面的几何构型会导致,形成绕过加热盘的流动旁路,该流动旁路对于由加热盘构成的加热设备的效率而言是不利的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种可电加热的加热盘,其在电接触区域方面具有最佳的构型,以便一方面实现尽可能最佳的电流均匀分布,并且另一方面尽可能完全地防止产生流动旁路。
与可电加热的加热盘相关的目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的加热盘来实现。
本发明的一个实施例涉及一种在废气后处理设备内使用的可电加热的加热盘,其中,加热盘通过由多个彼此上下堆叠的金属箔组成的堆叠层构成,该堆叠层被卷绕成蜂窝体,其中,堆叠层具有交替布置的粗糙结构化的金属箔和精细结构化的或平滑的金属箔,其中,蜂窝体在径向边缘区域处具有至少一个电接触部,其中,第一金属箔由于卷绕而在加热盘的周向方向上以相对于彼此偏移的方式终止,其中,在周向方向上以偏移的方式终止的第一金属箔之间布置有精细结构化的或平滑的第二金属箔,该第二金属箔在周向方向上延伸超出终止的第一金属箔的相应的端部。
术语“粗糙结构化的金属箔”特别是指在其中已经形成有波纹部/皱状部的金属箔。该波纹部在此可以在整个金属箔上延伸或者也可以仅在金属箔的部分区域上延伸。与此相比,平滑的金属箔根本不具有任何结构化。精细结构化的金属箔同样可以具有形成在其中的结构,然而该结构、例如波纹部明显比在粗糙结构化的金属箔中小。特别是,在精细结构化的金属箔中,结构的高度和宽度明显比在粗糙结构化的金属箔中小。精细结构化的金属箔或平滑的金属箔主要用于使直接相邻的粗糙结构化的金属箔彼此隔开,从而粗糙结构化的金属箔在卷绕时不会相互钩住。
通过卷绕所述堆叠层来形成盘,使得在金属箔之间产生在周向方向上的相对运动,由此彼此相邻的金属箔沿着彼此滑动。金属箔的、位于加热盘径向方向上的端部区域通过卷绕过程而相对于彼此移位,由此它们在周向方向上以彼此偏移的方式终止。实际上,这因而形成了镰刀状区域,该镰刀状区域由于各个层的相继终止而在周向方向上变薄,直到最后终止的层最终构成终止。这例如可以与在报纸被卷起时各个页面间所产生的偏移进行比较。
平滑的或精细结构化的金属箔被设计为比粗糙结构化的金属箔长,因此它们伸出至以彼此偏移的方式终止的粗糙结构化的金属箔外。平滑的或精细结构化的层的尺寸优选地被确定成,使得当沿周向方向观看时,这些层在加热盘完全卷起的情况下结束于同一点。平滑的或精细结构化的金属箔为此优选分别具有不同的长度,所述不同的长度对因卷绕而产生的偏移进行补偿。
由于粗糙结构化的金属箔特别是在加热盘的径向边缘区域中的相继终止,导致了卷绕的堆叠层的逐步变薄,由此特别是避免了金属箔的端部以凸起的方式布置在加热盘的外周部上。
在加热盘的径向外部区域上的这种凸起式的成型结构会导致偏离于理想的圆形形状的横截面。这通过在周向方向上的相继终止来避免,由此特别也可以减少或完全避免不期望的绕过加热盘的旁通流。
特别有利的是,以偏移的方式终止的第一金属箔是粗糙结构化的。粗糙结构化的金属箔与精细结构化的或平滑的金属箔相比明显在堆叠层的厚度方面更大,因为粗糙结构化的金属箔通过其波纹部形成了加热盘的通道结构,该通道结构可以在轴向方向上被通流。
然而,特别是为了产生具有尽可能理想的圆形直径的加热盘,需要减小堆叠层在端部区域处的厚度,其中,同时应该将该端部区域中的绝对材料厚度保持得尽可能高,以便能够确保最佳的电流导入。由于粗糙结构化的金属箔的接连终止,隔腔密度(Zelldichte)在该端部区域中逐步地降低,其中,堆叠层的金属箔的绝对材料厚度被保持不变或者甚至通过合适的措施被增大。
还有利的是,第二金属箔在部分区段中具有与第二金属箔的相应的剩余延伸部段相比增大的材料厚度,所述部分区段在周向方向上伸出对应的直接相邻的第一金属箔外。
增大第二金属箔的材料厚度有利于将在特别是用于形成电接触以引导电流的区域中所存在的材料的总体厚度保持为刚好与具有第一金属箔的部段中的材料厚度一样或者甚至将其增大到超出具有第一金属箔的部段中的材料厚度。为了实现在卷绕的堆叠层的横截面上均匀地引导电流,需要足够大的材料厚度。因此,有利地防止了特别是不期望的热点,所述热点可能由于经具有过小的材料厚度的引导区域所引导的电流而产生。
一个优选的实施例的特征在于,第二金属箔在周向方向上一直延伸到共同的端部区域。
延伸到共同的端部区域在如下方面是有利的:确保卷绕的堆叠层在电接触的区域中的均匀的材料厚度。发生电接触的区域必须具有特定的最小材料厚度,以避免由于电流引入而导致的过度加热。在所导入的电流的强度与电流被引导其中的材料的体积,以及由此产生的热量之间存在关系(焦耳定律)。简而言之,在材料体积保持相同的情况下,更高的电流强度导致增大的热量。现在为了在给定的电流强度下限制会出现的最大温度,必须相应地调整在电流引导区域中的材料体积。
第一金属箔相继地在周向方向上以偏移的方式终止减小了可供用于传导电流的材料体积,但另一方面,在相应的第一金属箔终止之后第二金属箔的继续延伸和材料厚度的同时提高实现了材料体积的增大,从而最终可供使用的材料体积至少相当于堆叠层在第一金属箔终止之前所具有的材料体积。
另外优选的是,电接触部布置在第二金属箔的、在周向方向上伸出第一金属箔外的部分区段上。如上文已经描述的,在该部分区段中存在足够的材料厚度或足够的材料体积,以便能够实现电流引导,而在此没有超过限定的最大温度的风险。
此外有利的是,第二金属箔在伸出的部分区段中的材料厚度是第二金属箔的相应的剩余延伸部段的材料厚度的至少1.5倍至4倍。
增大至1.5倍至4倍在如下方面是有利的,即,使得尽管在第一金属箔终止的情况下仍确保足够的材料厚度或足够的材料体积,而在此不会由于过高的温度而存在损坏的风险。由于使相邻的第二金属箔接续/延续每个终止的第一金属箔,第二金属箔的材料厚度增大至1.5倍至4倍确保了,在引导位置区域中可供使用的材料体积与在堆叠层中的未出现金属箔终止的区域中相比至少一样大。
也适宜的是,超出终止的第一金属箔延伸的第二金属箔布置在蜂窝体的径向边缘区域中。这有利于确保特别是在径向外部布置的区域处,可以通过较长的第二金属箔形成用于电接触的区域。
在一个有利的改进方案中,堆叠层被卷绕,然而堆叠层不贴靠在自身上,而是相反地在被卷绕的堆叠层的各个线匝之间形成间隙,从而特别是在线匝之间不存在电接触。在此,由于延长的第二金属箔,在加热盘的径向向外指向的区域上产生能够有利地实现电接触的区域。
此外有利的是,堆叠层交替地具有第一金属箔和第二金属箔,其中,第二金属箔在周向方向上具有比第一金属箔长的延伸部段。由此避免了在堆叠层卷绕时第一金属箔相互钩住。
此外有利的是,蜂窝体具有两个电接触部,其中,在电流输入装置或电流输出装置与堆叠层之间的电接触分别发生在一个区域中,该区域由在周向方向上超出第一金属箔突延伸的第二金属箔构成。
在输入装置和输出装置的这种布置中,利用卷绕的蜂窝体——其线匝例如通过彼此间隔开或通过引入电绝缘体而彼此电绝缘——可以非常简单地实现电接触。
在从属权利要求和下面的附图说明中描述了本发明的有利的改进方案。
附图说明
下面根据一个实施例参照附图详细地说明本发明。图中:
图1示出穿过可电加热的加热盘的根据本发明的蜂窝体的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出穿过由卷绕的堆叠层所制成的加热盘1的一部分的截面图。加热盘1由堆叠层构成,该堆叠层由多个彼此上下堆叠的金属箔2、3组成。在所示的实施例中,示出具有粗糙的结构或粗糙的波纹部的第一金属箔2和具有精细的结构或微波纹部的第二金属箔3。
第一金属箔2和第二金属箔3交替地彼此上下堆叠并且由此形成堆叠层。通过堆叠层的卷绕形成加热盘1。
在图1中特别示出被卷绕成加热盘1的所述堆叠层的位于径向外部的端部区域。所有第一金属箔2都具有相同的长度。通过卷绕,第一金属箔2相对彼此在周向方向上运动并且通过第一金属箔2在卷绕状态中所具有的不同半径而形成镰刀状的形状,该镰刀状的形状由在周向方向4上以相对于彼此偏移的方式终止的第一金属箔2形成。
第二金属箔3被设计为比第一金属箔2长,并因此在周向方向4上比终止的第一金属箔2更远地延伸。通过第一金属箔2的相继终止,堆叠层的厚度在周向方向4上不断减小。在最后的第一金属箔2终止之后,堆叠层最终仅由较长的第二金属箔3构成。堆叠层在所述仅由第二金属箔3构成的区域中具有明显较小的厚度,因为第一金属箔2不再伸入到该区域中。这可以特别清楚地看出,因为通过第一金属箔2的粗糙的结构构成的隔腔在该区域中不再存在。
第二金属箔3被这样设计,即,第二金属箔在对应的直接相邻的第一金属箔2终止之前即具有增厚部,其中,第二金属箔3直至其自身的端部区域具有增大的材料厚度。附加地,堆叠层的最上面的金属箔和最下面的金属箔同样均具有增大的材料厚度,这两者都通过精细结构化的第二金属箔3构成。当在周向方向4上观看时,这两个金属箔5的增厚(现象)在第一金属箔2第一次终止之前便已经发生。该增厚特别也用于提高加热盘1的稳定性。
以附图标记6表示电接触部,其用于将电流导入至堆叠层中或将电流从堆叠层中导出。电接触部6布置在完全由第二金属箔3构成的区域中。
特别地,图1不具有限制性特征并且用于阐明发明构思。

Claims (9)

1.一种在废气后处理设备内使用的可电加热的加热盘(1),其中,加热盘(1)通过由多个彼此上下堆叠的金属箔(2、3、5)组成的堆叠层构成,该堆叠层被卷绕成蜂窝体,其中,所述堆叠层具有交替布置的粗糙结构化的金属箔(2)和精细结构化的或平滑的金属箔(3、5),其中,所述蜂窝体在径向边缘区域处具有至少一个电接触部(6),其中,第一金属箔(2)由于卷绕而在加热盘(1)的周向方向(4)上以相对于彼此偏移的方式终止,
其特征在于,
在周向方向(4)上以偏移的方式终止的所述第一金属箔(2)之间布置有精细结构化的或平滑的第二金属箔(3),该第二金属箔在周向方向(4)上延伸超出终止的第一金属箔(2)的相应的端部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可电加热的加热盘(1),其特征在于,以偏移的方式终止的所述第一金属箔(2)是粗糙结构化的。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的加热盘(1),其特征在于,第二金属箔(3、5)在如下的部分区段中具有与第二金属箔(3、5)的相应的剩余延伸部段相比增大的材料厚度:所述部分区段在周向方向(4)上伸出相应的直接相邻的第一金属箔(2)外。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的加热盘(1),其特征在于,所述第二金属箔(3、5)在周向方向(4)上一直延伸到共同的端部区域。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的加热盘(1),其特征在于,所述电接触部(6)布置在第二金属箔(3、5)的、在周向方向上伸出第一金属箔(2)外的部分区段上。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的加热盘(1),其特征在于,第二金属箔(3、5)在伸出的部分区段中的材料厚度是第二金属箔(3、5)的相应的剩余延伸部段的材料厚度的至少1.5倍至4倍。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的加热盘(1),其特征在于,超出终止的第一金属箔(2)延伸的所述第二金属箔(3、5)布置在所述蜂窝体的径向边缘区域中。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的加热盘(1),其特征在于,所述堆叠层交替地具有第一金属箔(2)和第二金属箔(3、5),其中,第二金属箔(3、5)在周向方向(4)上具有比第一金属箔(2)长的延伸长度。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的加热盘(1),其特征在于,所述蜂窝体具有两个电接触部(6),其中,电流输入装置或电流输出装置与所述堆叠层之间的电接触分别发生在一个区域中,该区域由在周向方向(4)上超出第一金属箔(2)延伸的第二金属箔(3、5)构成。
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