CN112864593A - Broadband opening waveguide structure dual-circularly-polarized antenna based on 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Broadband opening waveguide structure dual-circularly-polarized antenna based on 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a broadband open waveguide structure dual-circularly-polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology, which comprises a rectangular dielectric block, a rectangular waveguide, a first wedge-shaped structure and a second wedge-shaped structure, wherein the rectangular dielectric block is positioned above the rectangular waveguide; the first wedge-shaped structure and the second wedge-shaped structure are respectively positioned at two diagonal positions of the rectangular waveguide and are symmetrical about a central axis of the antenna; the first wedge-shaped structure and the second wedge-shaped structure are respectively provided with a pair of rectangular grooves which are oppositely arranged and used for improving the axial ratio bandwidth; the position of the rectangular waveguide, which is away from the quarter of the guided wave wavelength of the bottom surface, is provided with a first differential port and a second differential port for feeding, and the two differential ports are orthogonally arranged. The antenna is integrally formed by a 3D printing medium material, and a metal layer is plated on the surfaces of the rectangular waveguide, the first wedge-shaped structure and the second wedge-shaped structure. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient processing, wide axial ratio bandwidth, stable gain, stable directional diagram and flexible switching of circular polarization rotation direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology.
Background
The 3D printing technology is a novel three-dimensional structure rapid forming technology taking an additive mode as a main means. Compared with the traditional three-dimensional processing technology, for example: CNC, injection molding and the like, and the 3D printing technology has a series of advantages of simple manufacturing procedure, short processing period, high efficiency of complex structure forming, high material utilization rate and the like. Currently, this technology has very wide application in various fields, such as: education, medical treatment, aerospace, construction, engineering, and the like, and meanwhile, 3D printing technology has received much attention in the field of antenna research. In recent years, a number of antenna designs based on this technology have been proposed in succession, for example: reflective array antennas, transmissive array antennas, waveguide slot antennas, prism antennas, etc., many of which have been successfully commercialized. Therefore, the antenna design based on the 3D printing technology has high academic and commercial values, and is a hot spot direction for future antenna research and development.
The open waveguide antenna is widely applied to various communication systems due to a series of excellent electrical properties, such as low loss, high power capacity, and stable radiation performance, and is a common and very important antenna type. To realize circularly polarized radiation, a commonly adopted scheme includes: firstly, adding a polarizer inside a waveguide; for example: huang et al, A novel compact circular polarized horn antenna, antenna and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI),2014IEEE, Memphis, TN, pp.43-44,6-11July.2014, have stepped metal diaphragms to effect conversion of linear polarization excitation to circularly polarized radiation; farzani et al, in Reconfigurable Linear/Circular Polarization shaped Waveguide Filter, IEEE trans. antennas and Propaga, vol.66, No.1, pp.9-15, Jan.2018, use a pair of orthogonal slot resonators to achieve circularly polarized radiation. Secondly, a special feeding mode is adopted; for example: N.S. Seong et al, in A microstrip-fed cavity-fed polarized horn antenna, Microw.Opt.Technol.Lett,48:2454-2456,2006, adopt dual-port feeding, each port corresponds to a microstrip line as antenna excitation, the two microstrip lines are mutually orthogonal, and the excitation amplitudes on the lines are equal and the phase difference is 90 degrees. And thirdly, adding an additional polarizer outside the waveguide. For example: in A Dual circular Polarized Horn Antenna in Ku-Band Based on the Central in cylindrical Meta, in IEEE Trans. antennas and Propaga, vol.62, No.4, pp.2307-2311, April.2014, Ma et al, a Chiral Metamaterial structure is used at the waveguide opening to realize the Circularly Polarized radiation of the Antenna.
However, the circularly polarized antenna still has the following disadvantages:
1. the conventional circularly polarized antenna with the open waveguide structure is generally narrow in axial ratio bandwidth, and it is generally difficult to achieve axial ratio bandwidth higher than 20%, which limits the application of such an antenna in a broadband scene.
2. The traditional opening waveguide structure circularly polarized antenna is heavy in weight and large in processing difficulty. Most of the traditional antennas are pure metal waveguide structures, which results in the heavy weight of the whole antenna, and is not beneficial to the integration of the whole antenna in a communication system. In addition, the processing mode that traditional design often adopted is CNC technology, because waveguide structure is inside cavity, so need be with antenna structure split into a plurality of component parts usually in the course of working, then every part is processed alone, assembles, welding forming again at last, this has increased the processing degree of difficulty and consuming time and power intangibly. Especially for the scheme that adopts internal polarizer, the number of the disassembled parts of the whole antenna is increased, and errors are easy to occur in the assembling process at the later stage, thereby causing the antenna performance to be poor.
3. For the scheme adopting the dual-port feed, because the scheme usually needs an additional power distribution circuit, a phase shift circuit and the like, the problems of large loss and complex feed network exist.
4. For the scheme adopting the external polarizer, the antenna is usually complex in structure and large in physical size, and the problems of heavy weight and difficulty in processing are difficult to avoid.
5. The conventional circularly polarized antenna with an open waveguide structure generally has a single polarization mode, and most of the circularly polarized antennas are designed to be single-left-handed or single-right-handed. In practical applications, if the free switching of the circular polarization rotation direction can be realized, the flexibility of the communication system can be greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology, and aims to solve the problems that the traditional open waveguide structure circularly polarized antenna is narrow in axial ratio bandwidth, heavy in weight, difficult to process, single in polarization mode, difficult to realize flexible rotary direction switching and the like in the prior art.
The object of the invention is achieved by at least one of the following solutions.
A broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology comprises a rectangular waveguide, a rectangular dielectric block, a first wedge structure, a second wedge structure, a first differential port and a second differential port,
the rectangular dielectric block is positioned above the rectangular waveguide;
the first wedge-shaped structure and the second wedge-shaped structure are respectively positioned at two opposite corners of the rectangular waveguide and are symmetrical about a central axis of the antenna, the rectangular dielectric block, the rectangular waveguide, the first wedge-shaped structure and the second wedge-shaped structure are integrally formed through 3D printing, and metal layers are arranged on the surfaces of the rectangular waveguide, the first wedge-shaped structure and the second wedge-shaped structure;
the first differential port and the second differential port are arranged on the rectangular waveguide and located at the quarter of the waveguide wavelength away from the bottom surface of the rectangular waveguide, and the first differential port and the second differential port are orthogonally arranged.
Further, the first differential port comprises a first coaxial connector and a second coaxial connector which are fixedly arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the rectangular waveguide respectively, and the second differential port comprises a third coaxial connector and a fourth coaxial connector which are fixedly arranged on the other two opposite side surfaces of the rectangular waveguide respectively.
Furthermore, the first wedge-shaped structure and the second wedge-shaped structure are respectively provided with a groove. The axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is expanded by arranging the groove.
Furthermore, two grooves with rectangular cross sections are oppositely formed on two sides of the first wedge-shaped structure and are respectively defined as a first groove and a second groove, and two grooves with rectangular cross sections are also oppositely formed on two sides of the second wedge-shaped structure and are respectively defined as a third groove and a fourth groove.
Further, the cross-sectional size of the rectangular dielectric block is the same as the cross-sectional size of the rectangular waveguide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the following beneficial effects:
the design has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, easy processing and quick forming. In the aspect of antenna performance, the invention has the advantages of wide axial ratio bandwidth, stable gain, stable directional diagram and flexible switching of circular polarization rotation direction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of setting up a differential port in a broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of axial ratio characteristics before and after slotting of a dual circularly polarized antenna with a broadband open waveguide structure based on a 3D printing technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of impedance matching characteristics and port isolation of a broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an axial ratio schematic diagram of a broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic gain characteristic diagram of a broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a central frequency directional diagram of a broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology when excited by a first differential port.
Fig. 8 is a central frequency directional diagram of a broadband open waveguide structure dual circularly polarized antenna based on a 3D printing technology when excited by a second differential port.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the antenna includes a rectangular dielectric block 11, a rectangular waveguide 12, a first wedge structure 13, a second wedge structure 14, a first differential port, and a second differential port. The rectangular dielectric block 11, the rectangular waveguide 12, the first wedge-shaped structure 13 and the second wedge-shaped structure 14 are made of 3D printing medium materials, and the whole structure is integrally formed. The outer surfaces of the rectangular waveguide 12, the first wedge-shaped structure 13 and the second wedge-shaped structure 14 are all covered with a thin layer of metallic copper by means of electroplating. In this embodiment, the dielectric material has a relative dielectric constant of 2.9 and a loss tangent of 0.01, and in practical application, dielectric materials with different parameters can be adopted according to circumstances.
The cross section of the rectangular dielectric block 11 is the same as that of the rectangular waveguide 12, and both are square. The first wedge-shaped structure 13 and the second wedge-shaped structure 14 are respectively disposed at two diagonal positions of the rectangular waveguide 12, and are symmetrical with respect to a central axis of the antenna, i.e., form an angle of-45 degrees with the x-axis. The first wedge-shaped structure 13 and the second wedge-shaped structure 14 have the same physical size, and are respectively provided with two opposite rectangular grooves, as shown in fig. 1, the grooves formed on the first wedge-shaped structure 13 are respectively a first groove 15 and a second groove 16, and the grooves formed on the second wedge-shaped structure 14 are respectively a third groove 17 and a fourth groove 18. The whole antenna is fed by four 50-ohm coaxial connectors close to the bottom, as shown in fig. 2, a first differential port is formed by a first coaxial connector 19 and a second coaxial connector 21, a second differential port is formed by a third coaxial connector 20 and a fourth coaxial connector 22, the first differential port and the second differential port are arranged orthogonally, the four coaxial connectors are respectively positioned on central shafts of four side surfaces of the rectangular waveguide 12, and the four coaxial connectors are all separated from one-fourth guided wave wavelength of the bottom surface of the rectangular waveguide 12 to ensure that the antenna can realize impedance matching.
When the antenna is processed, the rectangular dielectric block 11, the rectangular waveguide 12, the first wedge-shaped structure 13 and the second wedge-shaped structure 14 are integrally printed through a 3D printing technology, then masking treatment is carried out on the front surface, the rear surface, the left surface, the right surface and the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric block 11 so as to prevent the surfaces from being electroplated, all the remaining surfaces are electroplated next, and masking materials are removed after the electroplating is finished.
The antenna is essentially a medium-loaded open waveguide antenna, the antenna main body is made of a medium material, and a metal film is used for realizing the function of a waveguide wall.
In operation, since the rectangular waveguide 12 has a square cross section, it is a rectangular waveguide with polarization degeneracy capability and can support TE10And TE01Two modes of electromagnetic wave propagation. TE when the antenna is fed by the first differential port01The mode is excited when the electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized with the polarization direction parallel to the y-axis. The first wedge-shaped structure 13 and the second wedge-shaped structure 14 may be regarded as polarizers, and may generate disturbance to the passing linearly polarized wave, thereby forming a circularly polarized wave and then radiating it to the atmosphere. The handedness of the circular polarization depends on the relative angle between the polarization direction of the excited linearly polarized wave and the polarizer, so that when the antenna is fed by the first differential port, the polarization mode of the antenna is left-handed circular polarization, and similarly, when the antenna is fed by the second differential port, the TE in the waveguide10The mode is excited and the radiated electromagnetic wave is right-hand circularly polarized. The free switching of the circular polarization rotation direction can be realized by switching the differential port of the feed. In addition, the rectangular dielectric block 11 functions to realize impedance matching of the antenna, and can make the electromagnetic wave smoothly transit from the inside of the waveguide to the atmospheric environment.
The grooves on the first wedge structure 13 and the second wedge structure 14 serve to extend the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna. Through research, when the first wedge-shaped structure 13 and the second wedge-shaped structure 14 are added to the diagonal position of the rectangular waveguide 12, a resonant mode is generated in the middle area of the first wedge-shaped structure 13 and the second wedge-shaped structure 14, and the resonant mode has a large influence on the axial ratio of the antenna, so that the axial ratio is increased suddenly, and the axial ratio bandwidth is influenced. After the grooves are formed, the resonant mode is suppressed. As shown in fig. 3, the axial ratio of the antenna before the slot suddenly increased around 11.6GHz, with a 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of 28% (8.64-11.44 GHz). After slotting, the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3dB in the range of 8.39-12.32GHz, the bandwidth of the axial ratio is widened to 38%, and an obvious widening effect is achieved. Meanwhile, the impedance matching characteristic of the antenna is not greatly changed before and after the slotting.
In terms of antenna performance, as shown in FIG. 4, the antenna has an | S in the range of 8-13GHzdd11I and I Sdd22I are all less than-10 dB, which indicates that the antenna can achieve good impedance matching characteristics in this frequency band. Due to the symmetrical structure, the impedance matching characteristics of the two differential ports are consistent, i.e. | Sdd11I and I Sdd22The two curves substantially coincide. At the same time, | Sdd12The | curves are all smaller than-15 dB in the frequency band, which shows that the isolation condition between the two differential ports of the antenna is good. Fig. 5 shows the axial ratio characteristics of the antenna, and it can be seen that the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3dB in the frequency band of 8.39-12.32GHz, which indicates that the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 38%, and the antenna has broadband circular polarization characteristics. The gain characteristic of the antenna is shown in fig. 6, the gain of the antenna is in the 5.02-7.96dBic range within the axial ratio bandwidth, the average gain is 6.49dBic, and the fluctuation range is ± 1.47dB, which indicates that the antenna has good gain characteristic and stable gain within the operating frequency band. Fig. 7 and 8 show the directional diagrams of the central frequencies in the XZ plane and the YZ plane when the antenna is excited by the first differential port and the second differential port, respectively, and it can be seen that when the antenna is excited by the first differential port and the second differential port, the main polarizations of the directional diagrams are left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, and the directional diagrams have completely the same characteristics in different directions and have lower back lobes.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or implemented using the prior art.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Various equivalent changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art based on the above-described embodiments, and all equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the claims should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. Broadband opening waveguide structure dual circular polarized antenna based on 3D printing technique, its characterized in that: comprises a rectangular waveguide (12), a rectangular dielectric block (11), a first wedge structure (13), a second wedge structure (14), a first differential port and a second differential port,
the rectangular dielectric block (11) is positioned on the upper surface of the rectangular waveguide (12);
the antenna comprises a rectangular waveguide (12), a first wedge-shaped structure (13), a second wedge-shaped structure (14), a rectangular dielectric block (11), the rectangular waveguide (12), the first wedge-shaped structure (13) and the second wedge-shaped structure (14), wherein the first wedge-shaped structure (13) and the second wedge-shaped structure (14) are respectively located at two opposite corners of the rectangular waveguide (12) and are symmetrical about a central axis of the antenna, the rectangular dielectric block, the rectangular waveguide (12), the first wedge-shaped structure (13) and the second wedge-shaped structure (14) are integrally formed through 3D printing, and metal layers are arranged;
the first differential port and the second differential port are arranged on the rectangular waveguide (12) and located at a quarter of the waveguide wavelength away from the bottom surface of the rectangular waveguide (12), and the first differential port and the second differential port are orthogonally arranged.
2. The dual circularly polarized antenna with a broadband open waveguide structure based on 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first differential port comprises a first coaxial connector (19) and a second coaxial connector (21) which are fixedly arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the rectangular waveguide (12) respectively, and the second differential port comprises a third coaxial connector (20) and a fourth coaxial connector (22) which are fixedly arranged on the other two opposite side surfaces of the rectangular waveguide (12) respectively.
3. The dual circularly polarized antenna with a broadband open waveguide structure based on 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: grooves are respectively formed in the first wedge-shaped structure (13) and the second wedge-shaped structure (14).
4. The dual circularly polarized antenna with a broadband open waveguide structure based on 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein: two grooves with rectangular cross sections are oppositely formed on two sides of the first wedge-shaped structure (13) and are respectively defined as a first groove (15) and a second groove (16), and two grooves with rectangular cross sections are also oppositely formed on two sides of the second wedge-shaped structure (14) and are respectively defined as a third groove (17) and a fourth groove (18).
5. The dual circularly polarized antenna with a broadband open waveguide structure based on 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross section size of the rectangular dielectric block (11) is the same as that of the rectangular waveguide (12).
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