CN112863875B - 一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法,使用水热还原法制备铜纳米粒子,再在该基础上利用溶胶凝胶法在铜纳米粒子的表面包覆上一层二氧化锡,之后将其做成浆料,使用丝网印刷法将一定量介孔铜/氧化锡浆料印刷在FTO导电玻璃上,用管式炉在一定温度下烧结一定时间,形成介孔铜/氧化锡薄膜,重复数次,形成所需厚度的薄膜,经过染料吸附后,使用铂对电极作为阴极,注入电解质,最后组装成染料敏化太阳电池,铜/氧化锡浆料能够利用铜纳米粒子的优良导电性来增强电荷的传输,达到提高染料敏化太阳电池效率的目的,本发明能够对核/壳结构氧化锡颗粒的大小、薄膜的厚度进行控制,且材料简单易取,价格低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术材料领域,集体涉及一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能来源广泛,绿色清洁,能够有效解决全球能源危机,且对环境造成的污染和伤害小,对于我国的可持续发展来说,具有重要的战略意义。染料敏化太阳电池具有理论光电转换效率高、污染小、性能稳定、可大规模生产等优点,因此具有相当的研究价值。通常提高染料敏化太阳电池光电转换效率的方法为:一是通过调控光阳极的能级使其与染料更为匹配,增强电荷的传输效率。二是通过改进光阳极的结构,增强其对光照的吸收能力,氧化锡由于对可见光具有良好的通透性,在水溶液中具有优良的化学稳定性,且具有特定的导电性和反射红外线辐射的特性,因此在锂电池、太阳能电池、液晶显示、光电子装置、透明导电电极、防红外探测保护等领域被广泛应用,纯氧化锡光阳极导带能级低以及拥有大量的表面态,导致了二氧化锡光阳极用于染料敏化太阳能电池时开路电压以及填充因子低,光电转换效率低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法。在制得铜/氧化锡浆料之后,运用丝网印刷的方法在FTO导电玻璃上经过四次烧结涂敷,得到厚度为10um~15um的介孔铜/氧化锡薄膜。在染料中充分浸泡以后,使用铂对电极作为阴极,然后注入电解质,组装成为铜/氧化锡核/壳结构光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池。具体步骤如下:
步骤1铜纳米颗粒的制备
取部分去离子水在合适的温度下使用磁力搅拌子不断地搅拌,之后连续加入抗坏血酸和硫酸铜溶液,在反应混合溶液变为粉红色以后加入固体硼氢化钠进行还原,待溶液颜色变为砖红色,表明铜纳米颗粒制备成功,继续搅拌。
步骤2氧化锡壳层的制备
将步骤1制得的铜纳米颗粒加入五水合四氯化锡溶液中,得到铜/氧化锡核/壳结构纳米颗粒,并将其制为铜/氧化锡核/壳结构浆料。
步骤3介孔铜/氧化锡薄膜的制备
将步骤2中的浆料涂在FTO导电玻璃上,在500℃高温下烧结30min,重复四次得到介孔铜/氧化锡薄膜。
步骤4染料敏化太阳电池制备
将步骤3中的FTO导电玻璃放入染料中浸泡12h,吸附染料后,和铂对电极组装在一起,注入电解液,封装成为铜/氧化锡核/壳结构光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池。
本发明专利的有益效果:
本发明提供一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法,将氧化锡颗粒作为壳层包在铜纳米颗粒的核上所制得的浆料,能够利用铜的优良导电性能,增强电荷的传输,达到提高染料敏化太阳电池效率的目的。本发明能够对铜纳米颗粒的粒径大小、氧化锡壳层的厚度进行控制,且制备简单,生产成本低,易于大规模生产。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1:本发明铜/氧化锡核/壳结构纳米颗粒结构示意图;
图2:本发明铜/氧化锡核/壳结构光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池结构示意图;
附图标记说明:1、氧化锡壳层,2、铜纳米颗粒核,3、FTO导电玻璃,4、介孔铜/氧化锡,5、染料分子,6、电解液,7、铂电极。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面对本发明实施方式作进一步详细地说明,但并不因此而限制本发明的保护范围。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
本发明铜/氧化锡核/壳结构纳米结构光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法,具体步骤如下:
1、铜纳米颗粒的制备
在磁力搅拌子搅拌的条件下,于60℃用20ml去离子水取4.5×10-2M聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(pvp),反应混合液中连续加入浓度为5.5×10-2M和5×10-3M的抗坏血酸和硫酸铜。持续搅拌,在溶液的颜色变粉红色时加入~0.004g固体硼氢化钠进行还原,混合物的颜色变成砖红色,表明铜纳米颗粒的形成。
2、氧化锡壳层的制备
将步骤1制得的铜纳米颗粒加入浓度为0.5M的五水合四氯化锡溶液中,使用磁力搅拌子不断搅拌,之后有序的滴加氨水,经过离心和高温烧结得到铜/氧化锡核/壳结构纳米颗粒,并将其制为铜/氧化锡核/壳结构浆料。
3、介孔铜/氧化锡薄膜的制备
将步骤2中的浆料取1g涂在FTO导电玻璃上,之后,在500℃高温下烧结30min,重复四次得到介孔铜/氧化锡光阳极。
4染料敏化太阳电池制备
将步骤3中的光阳极放入N719染料中浸泡12h,另取一组FTO导电玻璃,在其上涂抹氯铂酸烧结形成铂对电极,之后将其组装,注入I-/I3 -电解液,封装成为介孔铜/氧化锡结构光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池。
本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所做的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法,其特征在于:
S1:水热还原法制备铜纳米颗粒;在磁力搅拌子搅拌的条件下,于60℃用20ml去离子水取4 .5×10-2M聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(pvp),反应混合液中连续加入浓度为5 .5×10-2 M和5×10-3M 的抗坏血酸和硫酸铜,持续搅拌,在溶液的颜色变粉红色时加入~0 .004g 固体硼氢化钠进行还原,混合物的颜色变成砖红色,表明铜纳米颗粒的形成;
S2:在S1的基础上利用溶胶凝胶法在铜纳米颗粒的表面包覆上一层二氧化锡,并将其做成浆料;将步骤S1制得的铜纳米颗粒加入浓度为0.5M的五水合四氯化锡溶液中,使用磁力搅拌子不断搅拌,之后有序的滴加氨水,经过离心和高温烧结得到铜/氧化锡核/壳结构纳米颗粒,并将其制为铜/氧化锡核/壳结构浆料;
S3:将S2制得的浆料运用丝网印刷的方法涂在FTO导电玻璃上,并进行煅烧;
S4:将S3重复至少两次,得到合适的介孔铜/氧化锡薄膜,此即为染料敏化太阳电池的光阳极,之后完成电池的组装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法,其特征在于:铜纳米颗粒的尺寸为10~12nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法,其特征在于:铜纳米颗粒的表面包覆的二氧化锡的尺寸为20~30nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法,其特征在于:介孔铜/氧化锡薄膜需印刷烧结4次,形成10um~15um的介孔铜/氧化锡薄膜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种核壳结构氧化锡光阳极的染料敏化太阳电池制备方法,其特征在于:介孔铜/氧化锡薄膜烧结温度为500℃,时间为30min。
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